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93-652: Mount Laurel is a township in Burlington County in the U.S. state of New Jersey . The township, and all of Burlington County, is a part of the Philadelphia - Reading - Camden combined statistical area and the Delaware Valley . As of the 2020 United States census , the township's population was 44,633, its highest decennial count ever and an increase of 2,769 (+6.6%) from the 2010 census count of 41,864, which in turn reflected an increase of 1,643 (+4.1%) from

186-602: A student–teacher ratio of 12.0:1. Schools in the district (with 2018–19 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics ) are Countryside Elementary School (with 309 students; in grades Pre-K–4), Fleetwood Elementary School (372; K–4), Hillside Elementary School (348; Pre-K–4), Larchmont Elementary School (395; K–4), Parkway Elementary School (342; K–4), Springville Elementary School (512; Pre-K–4), Mount Laurel Hartford School (961; 5–6) and Thomas E. Harrington Middle School (963; 7–8). Parkway Elementary School

279-612: A student–teacher ratio of 12.1:1. Lenape High School is part of the Lenape Regional High School District , a regional secondary school district in Burlington County that also serves the eight municipalities of Evesham Township , Medford Lakes , Medford Township , Shamong Township , Southampton Township , Tabernacle Township and Woodland Township at its four high schools. Students from Mount Laurel, and from all of Burlington County, are eligible to attend

372-641: A coastal city in Norway at 70°N, is in zone 7, and even Longyearbyen , the northernmost true city in the world at 78°N, is still in zone 4. All these coastal locations have one thing in common, though, which are cool, damp summers, with temperatures rarely exceeding 20 °C (68 °F), or 15 °C (59 °F) in Longyearbyen. This shows the importance of taking heat zones into account for better understanding of what may or may not grow. In Sweden and Finland generally, at sea level to 500 metres (1,600 ft), zone 3

465-540: A continued warming trend in the United States' climate. The USDA plant hardiness zones for selected U.S. cities as based on the 2023 map are the following: As the USDA system is based entirely on average annual extreme minimum temperature in an area, it is limited in its ability to describe the climatic conditions a gardener may have to account for in a particular area: there are many other factors that determine whether or not

558-519: A draft revised map, using temperature data collected from July 1986 to March 2002. The 2003 map placed many areas approximately a half-zone higher (warmer) than the USDA's 1990 map. Reviewers noted the map zones appeared to be closer to the original USDA 1960 map in its overall zone delineations. Their map purported to show finer detail, for example, reflecting urban heat islands by showing the downtown areas of several cities (e.g., Baltimore , Maryland; Washington, D.C. , and Atlantic City, New Jersey ) as

651-443: A female householder with no husband present and 35.6% were non-families. Of all households, 30.4% were made up of individuals and 11.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 3.00. 22.3% of the population were under the age of 18, 6.3% from 18 to 24, 26.2% from 25 to 44, 29.2% from 45 to 64, and 16.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age

744-472: A female householder with no husband present, and 33.2% were non-families. 27.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.41 and the average family size was 2.98. In the township the population was spread out, with 23.1% under the age of 18, 5.4% from 18 to 24, 32.7% from 25 to 44, 24.2% from 45 to 64, and 14.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age

837-654: A full zone warmer than outlying areas. The map excluded the detailed a/b half-zones introduced in the USDA's 1990 map, an omission widely criticized by horticulturists and gardeners due to the coarseness of the resulting map. The USDA rejected the AHS 2003 draft map and created its own map in an interactive computer format, which the American Horticultural Society now uses. In 2006, the Arbor Day Foundation released an update of U.S. hardiness zones, using mostly

930-511: A given plant can survive in a given zone. Zone information alone is often not adequate for predicting winter survival, since factors such as frost dates and frequency of snow cover can vary widely between regions. Even the extreme minimum itself may not be useful when comparing regions in widely different climate zones . As an extreme example, due to the Gulf Stream most of the United Kingdom

1023-549: A realistic opportunity for the production of housing affordable to low and moderate-income households. The decision was a result of a lawsuit brought against the town by the N.A.A.C.P. that was decided by the New Jersey Supreme Court in 1975 and reaffirmed in a subsequent decision in 1983. The history behind this, and the story leading to the decision was highlighted in Our Town , a book by David L. Kirp . Mount Laurel

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1116-489: A result of the more recent data, as well as new mapping methods and additional information gathered. Many areas were a half-zone warmer than the previous 1990 map. The 2012 map was created digitally for the internet, and includes a ZIP Code zone finder and an interactive map. In 2015, the Arbor Day Foundation revised another map, also with no a and b subdivisions, showing many areas having zones even warmer, with

1209-495: A series that breaks up climate zones more finely than the USDA zones, identifying 45 distinct zones in the US, incorporating ranges of temperatures in all seasons, precipitation, wind patterns, elevation, and length and structure of the growing season. In addition, the Köppen climate classification system can be used as a more general guide to growing conditions when considering large areas of

1302-777: A staggered basis, with either one or two seats coming up for election each year; at an annual reorganization meeting, the board selects a director and deputy director from among its members to serve a one-year term. As of 2024, Burlington County's Commissioners are: Director Felicia Hopson ( D , Willingboro Township , 2024), Tom Pullion (D, Edgewater Park , 2026), Allison Eckel (D, Medford , 2025), Deputy Director Daniel J. O'Connell (D, Delran Township , 2024) and Balvir Singh (D, Burlington Township , 2026). Burlington County's Constitutional Officers are: Clerk Joanne Schwartz (D, Southampton Township , 2028) Sheriff James H. Kostoplis (D, Bordentown , 2025) and Surrogate Brian J. Carlin (D, Burlington Township, 2026). As of March 2011, there were

1395-440: A ten-year record. One is in zone 4a, one in zone 4b, and the other is in zone 5a. Sydney residents are split between zones 3a and 4b. Different locations in the same city are suitable for different plants. Climate variables that reflect the capacity and detriments to plant growth are used to develop an index that is mapped to Canada's Plant Hardiness Zones. This index comes from a formula originally developed by Ouellet and Sherk in

1488-612: A total of 28,317 registered voters in Mount Laurel Township, of which 9,089 (32.1% vs. 33.3% countywide) were registered as Democrats , 6,880 (24.3% vs. 23.9%) were registered as Republicans and 12,328 (43.5% vs. 42.8%) were registered as Unaffiliated . There were 20 voters registered to other parties. Among the township's 2010 Census population, 67.6% (vs. 61.7% in Burlington County) were registered to vote, including 87.0% of those ages 18 and over (vs. 80.3% countywide). In

1581-587: A township in New Jersey is a full-fledged municipality, on par with any town , city , borough , or village . They collect property taxes and provide services such as maintaining roads, garbage collection, water, sewer, schools, police and fire protection. The Township form of local government is used by 27% of New Jersey municipalities; however, slightly over 50% of the state's population resides within them. Townships in New Jersey differ from townships elsewhere in

1674-405: A turnout of 81.2% (vs. 78.8% in the whole county). In the 2013 gubernatorial election , Republican Chris Christie received 8,696 votes (65.1% vs. 61.4% countywide), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 4,341 votes (32.5% vs. 35.8%) and other candidates with 148 votes (1.1% vs. 1.2%), among the 13,354 ballots cast by the township's 29,635 registered voters, yielding a 45.1% turnout (vs. 44.5% in

1767-512: Is 7a. Ramblewood (with a 2010 Census population of 5,907) is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) located within Mount Laurel. Other unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the township include Birchfield, Bougher, Centerton, Colemantown, Coxs Corner, Fellowship, Hartford, Heulings Hill, Masonville, Petersburg, Pine Grove, and Rancocas Woods. The township borders

1860-467: Is 8–9 (some highland areas are slightly colder). The Spanish and Portuguese Atlantic coast, much of Andalusia and Murcia , coastal and slightly inland southern Valencian Community , a part of coastal Catalonia , the Balearic Islands , southwestern Sardinia , most of Sicily , coastal southern Italy, some areas around Albania , coastal Cyprus and southwestern Greece are in zone 10. In Europe,

1953-458: Is in zone 3b while nearby Kraków , only 80 km (50 mi) to the north and 300 m (980 ft) lower is in zone 6a. These examples prove that local topography can have a pronounced effect on temperature and thus on what is possible to grow in a specific region. The southern European marker plant for climate as well as cultural indicator is the olive tree , which cannot withstand long periods below freezing so its cultivation area matches

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2046-526: Is in zones 8–9, while in the US, zones 8–9 include regions such as the subtropical coastal areas of the southeastern US and Mojave and Chihuahuan inland deserts, thus an American gardener in such an area may only have to plan for several nights of cold temperatures per year, while their British counterpart may have to plan for several months. In addition, the zones do not incorporate any information about duration of cold temperatures, summer temperatures, or sun intensity insolation ; thus sites which may have

2139-523: Is located in the 3rd Congressional District and is part of New Jersey's 7th state legislative district. For the 118th United States Congress , New Jersey's 3rd congressional district is represented by Andy Kim ( D , Moorestown ). New Jersey is represented in the United States Senate by Democrats Cory Booker ( Newark , term ends 2027) and George Helmy ( Mountain Lakes , term ends 2024). For

2232-517: Is located within the township on the northbound side at milepost 39.4. The only exit within Mount Laurel is Exit 4, which provides access to Route 73 . I-295 passes through the township, with three exits: (Exit 36: Berlin/Tacony Bridge/Route 73, Exit 40: Moorestown/Mount Holly/Route 38, and Exit 43: Delran/Rancocas Woods). Other major thoroughfares through Mount Laurel are Route 38 , Route 73 and CR 537 . NJ Transit provides bus service to and from Philadelphia on routes 317 (from Asbury Park ),

2325-508: Is north of the Arctic Circle, including cities like Karesuando and Pajala . Kiruna is the major exception here, which being located on a hill above frost traps , is in zone 5. Zone 4 lies between the Arctic Circle and about 64–66°N, with cities such as Oulu , Rovaniemi and Jokkmokk , zone 5 (south to 61–62°N) contains cities such as Tampere , Umeå , and Östersund . Zone 6 covers the south of mainland Finland, Sweden north of 60°N, and

2418-403: Is often abbreviated TWP or Twp . Some official documents abbreviate it as "Twsp." Historically, a variety of legislation has been passed by the state legislature that has defined and refined the township form of municipal government: The Township Act of 1798 was the first state legislation to incorporate municipalities. The government defined was a form of direct democracy , similar to

2511-614: Is one of 42 municipalities (of the 564) statewide that use this form of government. In this form of government, the Township Manager oversees the daily functions of the Township. The governing body is comprised of the Township Council, which is made up of five members elected at-large in partisan elections to serve four-year terms on a staggered basis, with either two or three seats coming up for election in even-numbered years as part of

2604-601: The 2012 presidential election , Democrat Barack Obama received 12,634 votes (55.5% vs. 58.1% countywide), ahead of Republican Mitt Romney with 9,797 votes (43.0% vs. 40.2%) and other candidates with 194 votes (0.9% vs. 1.0%), among the 22,762 ballots cast by the township's 29,792 registered voters, for a turnout of 76.4% (vs. 74.5% in Burlington County). In the 2008 presidential election , Democrat Barack Obama received 13,420 votes (57.2% vs. 58.4% countywide), ahead of Republican John McCain with 9,657 votes (41.2% vs. 39.9%) and other candidates with 220 votes (0.9% vs. 1.0%), among

2697-631: The 2024-2025 session , the 7th legislative district of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in the State Senate by Troy Singleton ( D , Palmyra ) and in the General Assembly by Herb Conaway (D, Moorestown ) and Carol A. Murphy (D, Mount Laurel ). Burlington County is governed by a Board of County Commissioners composed of five members who are chosen at-large in partisan elections to serve three-year terms of office on

2790-412: The 413 route between Camden and Burlington and the 457 route between Moorestown Mall and Camden . People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Mount Laurel include: Township (New Jersey) A township , in the context of New Jersey local government , refers to one of five types and one of eleven forms of municipal government . As a political entity,

2883-639: The American Horticultural Society (AHS) heat zones use the average number of days per year when the temperature exceeds 30 °C (86 °F). The USDA system was originally developed to aid gardeners and landscapers in the United States. In the United States, most of the warmer zones (zones 9, 10, and 11) are located in the deep southern half of the country and on the southern coastal margins. Higher zones can be found in Hawaii (up to 12) and Puerto Rico (up to 13). The southern middle portion of

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2976-523: The Burlington County Institute of Technology , a countywide public school district that serves the vocational and technical education needs of students at the high school and post-secondary level at its campuses in Medford and Westampton Township . As of May 2010, the township had a total of 170.19 miles (273.89 km) of roadways, of which 115.86 miles (186.46 km) were maintained by

3069-545: The Dodecanese , Cyclades and some Argo-Saronic Gulf islands. The Mediterranean islands of Malta , Lampedusa and Linosa belong to zone 11a as well as a few areas on the southernmost coast of Cyprus . The Balkan area is also more prone to cold snaps and episodes of unseasonable warmth. For instance, despite having similar daily means and temperature amplitudes to Nantucket, Massachusetts , for each month, Sarajevo has recorded below-freezing temperatures in every month of

3162-555: The Gulf Coast , and southern Arizona and California , are responsible for the rarity of episodes of severe cold relative to normal in those areas. The warmest zone in the 48 contiguous states is the Florida Keys (11b) and the coldest is in north-central Minnesota (2b). A couple of locations on the northern coast of Puerto Rico have the warmest hardiness zone in the United States at 13b. Conversely, isolated inland areas of Alaska have

3255-461: The Polish Carpathians , which regularly reaches −35 °C (−31 °F) during winter on calm nights when cold and heavy airmasses from the surrounding Gorce and Tatra Mountains descend down the slopes to this low-lying valley, creating extremes which can be up to 10 °C (18 °F) colder than nearby Nowy Targ or Białka Tatrzańska , which are both higher up in elevation. Waksmund

3348-565: The US National Arboretum in Washington . The first map was issued in 1960, and revised in 1965. It used uniform 10 °F (5.6 °C) ranges, and gradually became widespread among American gardeners. The USDA map was revised and reissued in 1990 with freshly available climate data, this time with five-degree distinctions dividing each zone into new "a" and "b" subdivisions. In 2003, the American Horticultural Society (AHS) produced

3441-434: The poverty line , including 3.9% of those under age 18 and 2.9% of those age 65 or over. Man Overboard is a pop punk band with multiple members from Mount Laurel. Laurel Acres Park is known for its Veterans Memorial, fishing lake, playground, and grassy hill used for concerts and sledding in the winter when it snows. Laurel Acres Park is right between Church Street at Union Mill Road. The Mount Laurel Baseball League and

3534-490: The tropics , have hardiness zones that range from 12 to 13 in the coastal areas, while the lowest hardiness zone is found in the island of Fogo , in the country's highest peak Pico do Fogo . In addition to the USDA Hardiness zones there are American Horticultural Society (AHS) heat zones. The criterion is the average number of days per year when the temperature exceeds 30 °C (86 °F). The AHS Heat Zone Map for

3627-439: The 23,443 ballots cast by the township's 28,847 registered voters, for a turnout of 81.3% (vs. 80.0% in Burlington County). In the 2004 presidential election , Democrat John Kerry received 11,618 votes (52.3% vs. 52.9% countywide), ahead of Republican George W. Bush with 10,382 votes (46.7% vs. 46.0%) and other candidates with 146 votes (0.7% vs. 0.8%), among the 22,231 ballots cast by the township's 27,385 registered voters, for

3720-563: The 40,221 counted in the 2000 census . It is the home of NFL Films . In 2020, Mount Laurel was ranked 16th in Money magazine's list of the 50 best places to live in the United States, citing a kid-friendly environment, affordable housing , and easy access to Philadelphia and the Jersey Shore . Mount Laurel was incorporated as a township by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 7, 1872, from portions of Evesham Township . The township

3813-563: The Earth's surface or attempting to make comparisons between different continents. The Trewartha climate classification is often a good "real world" concept of climates and their relation to plants and their average growing conditions. The Australian National Botanic Gardens have devised another system keeping with Australian conditions. The zones are defined by steps of 5 degrees Celsius, from −15–−10 °C for zone 1 to 15–20 °C for zone 7. They are numerically about 6 lower than

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3906-620: The Mount Laurel United Soccer Club play in the park's sports fields, and since 2008, the Mount Laurel Premiership. Mount Laurel also includes two dog parks. Mount Laurel voted to change its form of government in 1970 from a Township Committee form to a Faulkner Act system using the Council-Manager (Plan E), enacted based on the recommendations of a Charter Study Commission as of January 1, 1972. The township

3999-532: The New England town meeting , in which the vote was available to all white males, at least 21 years old, who were citizens of New Jersey, and residents of the township for at least six months; and who paid taxes in the township, or who owned land, or rented a home in the township for a rent of at least five dollars a year. A group of five freeholders was elected to one-year terms on the Township Committee, which

4092-716: The November general election. At an annual reorganization meeting held in January, the council selects one of its members to serve as mayor and another to serve as deputy mayor, each for a one-year term. As of 2024, members of the Mount Laurel Township Council are Mayor Fozia Janjua ( D , term on council and as mayor ends December 31, 2024), Deputy Mayor Nikitas Moustakas (D, term on council and as deputy mayor 2024), Karen Cohen (D, 2024), Kareem A. Pritchett Sr. (D, 2026) and Stephen J. Steglik (D, 2026). Mount Laurel Township

4185-407: The US is available on the American Horticultural Society website. South Africa has five horticultural or climatic zones. The zones are defined by minimum temperature. The USDA map published in 2012 shows that most of the US has become a half zone (2.8 °C or 5 °F) hotter in winter compared to the 1990 release. Again, with the publication of the 2023 map, about half of the US has shifted

4278-589: The USDA scale. However, some confusion can exist in discussing buildings and HVAC , where "climate zone" can refer to the International Energy Conservation Code zones, where Zone 1 is warm and Zone 8 is cold. Other hardiness rating schemes have been developed as well, such as the UK Royal Horticultural Society and US Sunset Western Garden Book systems. A heat zone (see below) is instead defined by annual high temperatures;

4371-559: The USDA system. For example, Australian zone 3 is roughly equivalent to USDA zone 9. The higher Australian zone numbers had no US equivalents prior to the 2012 addition by USDA of zones 12 and 13. The spread of weather stations may be insufficient and too many places with different climates are lumped together. Only 738 Australian stations have records of more than ten years (one station per 98,491 hectares or 243,380 acres), though more populated areas have relatively fewer hectares per station. Mount Isa has three climatic stations with more than

4464-458: The United Kingdom's Royal Horticultural Society introduced new hardiness ratings for plants, not places. These run from H7, the hardiest (tolerant of temperatures below −20 °C (−4 °F)) to H1a (needing temperatures above 15 °C (59 °F)). The RHS hardiness ratings are based on absolute minimum winter temperatures (in °C) rather than the long-term average annual extreme minimum temperatures that define USDA zones. Scandinavia lies at

4557-522: The United States. In many states, townships can be an intermediate form of government, between county government and municipalities that are subordinate parts of the township, with different government responsibilities allocated at each level. In New Jersey, there are no subordinate municipalities located within a township, as townships are equivalent to all other forms of local municipalities. Municipalities in New Jersey may be classified into one of five types , of which townships are one. Townships may retain

4650-507: The borough was $ 41,573 (+/− $ 1,416). About 3.0% of families and 3.6% of the population were below the poverty line , including 4.6% of those under age 18 and 3.8% of those age 65 or over. As of the 2000 United States census there were 40,221 people, 16,570 households, and 11,068 families residing in the township. The population density was 1,844.3 inhabitants per square mile (712.1/km). There were 17,163 housing units at an average density of 787.0 per square mile (303.9/km). The racial makeup of

4743-548: The coldest hardiness zone in the United States at 1a. The first attempts to create a geographical hardiness zone system were undertaken by two researchers at the Arnold Arboretum in Boston ; the first was published in 1927 by Alfred Rehder , and the second by Donald Wyman in 1938. The Arnold map was subsequently updated in 1951, 1967, and finally 1971, but eventually fell out of use completely. The modern USDA system began at

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4836-408: The committee selects one of its elected members to serve as mayor and preside at meetings. The other members of the township committee serve as commissioners of various township departments, overseeing the work of those areas along with overall legislative issues. Some mayors in this form of government also oversee specific departments. The mayor in this form of government is primarily ceremonial and has

4929-644: The cool winter zone. The Mediterranean Sea acts as a temperature regulator, so this area is generally warmer than other parts of the continent; except in mountainous areas where the sea effect lowers, it belongs in zones 8–10; however, southern Balkans (mountainous Western and Eastern Serbia , continental Croatia , and Bulgaria ) are colder in winter and are in zones 6–7. The Croatian ( Dalmatian ) coast, Albania , and northern Greece are in zones 8–9, as are central-northern Italy (hills and some spots in Po Valley are however colder) and southern France ; Central Iberia

5022-423: The county). The Mount Laurel Schools serve public school students in pre-kindergarten through eighth grade . The grade configuration includes six schools serving pre-kindergarten / kindergarten through fourth-grade students. Students are assigned on a geographic basis to one of the six K–4 schools; Countryside serves the township's northwest; Fleetwood, the northeast; Hillside covers the north central portion of

5115-420: The county). In the 2009 gubernatorial election , Republican Chris Christie received 7,082 votes (50.4% vs. 47.7% countywide), ahead of Democrat Jon Corzine with 6,149 votes (43.8% vs. 44.5%), Independent Chris Daggett with 617 votes (4.4% vs. 4.8%) and other candidates with 108 votes (0.8% vs. 1.2%), among the 14,047 ballots cast by the township's 29,086 registered voters, yielding a 48.3% turnout (vs. 44.9% in

5208-580: The hardiness zones are high considering the latitude of the region, although not as high as Northern Europe with the Shetland Islands where zone 9 extends to over 60°N. In Central Europe, the relevant zones decrease from zone 8 on the Belgian, Dutch, and German North Sea coast, with the exception of some of the Frisian Islands (notably Vlieland and Terschelling ), the island of Helgoland , and some of

5301-553: The high plateau of Småland further south. Here one will find cities such as Gävle , Örebro , Sundsvall , and Helsinki . Åland , as well as coastal southern Sweden, and the Stockholm area are in zone 7. The west coast of Sweden ( Gothenburg and southwards) enjoys particularly mild winters and lies in zone 7, therefore being friendly to some hardy exotic species (found, for example, in the Gothenburg Botanical Garden ),

5394-417: The housing would be a "...breeding ground for violent crime and drug abuse..." Leading advocate in favor of taxpayer subsidized housing Ethel Lawrence , a black resident who lived her life in Mount Laurel, had her house repeatedly vandalized. Although the court ruled in favor of creating taxpayer subsidized housing, residents did manage to delay the process for decades. According to the U.S. Census Bureau ,

5487-507: The islands in the Rhine - Scheldt estuary, which are in zone 9, to zone 5 around Suwałki , Podlachia on the far eastern border between Poland and Lithuania . Some isolated, high elevation areas of the Alps and Carpathians may even go down to zone 3 or 4. An extreme example of a cold sink is Funtensee , Bavaria which is at least in zone 3. Another notable example is Waksmund , a small village in

5580-421: The latter, in terms of length of hot weather and sun intensity. Coastal Ireland and central Florida are both Zone 10, but have radically different climates. The hardiness scales do not take into account the reliability of snow cover in the colder zones. Snow acts as an insulator against extreme cold, protecting the root system of hibernating plants. If the snow cover is reliable, the actual temperature to which

5673-500: The location and the altitude. The islands are generally part of zones 11b/12a in lower altitudes and coastal areas, reaching up to 12b in the southernmost coasts or populated coastal parts such as the city of Las Palmas . The lowest hardiness areas are found in Teide National Park being at 8a/8b for its very high altitude. Teide peak is the highest peak of Macaronesia. The Cape Verde islands, located much further south inside

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5766-646: The mainland and central coastal areas are in the middle zones (zones 8, 7, and 6). The far northern portion on the central interior of the mainland have some of the coldest zones (zones 5, 4, and small area of zone 3) and often have much less consistent range of temperatures in winter due to being more continental, especially further west with higher diurnal temperature variations, and thus the zone map has its limitations in these areas. Lower zones can be found in Alaska (down to 1). The low latitude and often stable weather in Florida ,

5859-501: The maps of Hawaii and Puerto Rico. There is a very small spot east of San Juan , Puerto Rico, that includes the airport in coastal Carolina , where the mean minimum is 67 degrees F (19 C), which is classified as hardiness Zone 13b, the highest category, with temperatures rarely below 65 °F (18 °C). The map has a higher resolution than previous editions, and is able to show local variations due to factors such as elevation or large bodies of water. Many zone boundaries were changed as

5952-1110: The mid-1960s. The formula used is: Y = -67.62 + 1.734X 1 + 0.1868X 2 + 69.77X 3 + 1.256X 4 + 0.006119X 5 + 22.37X 6 - 0.01832X 7 where: For practical purposes, Canada has adopted the American hardiness zone classification system. The 1990 version of the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map included Canada and Mexico, but they were removed with the 2012 update to focus on the United States and Puerto Rico. The Canadian government publishes both Canadian and USDA-style zone maps. The table below provides USDA hardiness zone data for selected European cities: USDA zones do not work particularly well in Ireland and Great Britain as they are designed for continental climates and subtropical climates. The high latitude, weaker solar intensity, and cooler summers must be considered when comparing to US equivalent. New growth may be insufficient or fail to harden off affecting winter survival in

6045-459: The most notable changes in the Mid Atlantic and Northeast, showing cities like Philadelphia, New York City and Washington D.C. in zone 8, due to their urban heat islands. In November 2023, the USDA released another updated version of their plant hardiness map, based on 1991–2020 weather data across the United States. The updated map shows continued northward movement of hardiness zones, reflecting

6138-425: The much-amended Act of 1899. It retains a three or five member township committee serving staggered terms, whose members are generally elected at-large. The committee elects a mayor from among its members to serve a one-year term. Partisan elections are allowed under this law. Voters may initiate a referendum to change the membership to consist of either 3 or 5 members. While many township committees directly supervise

6231-542: The municipalities of Evesham Township , Hainesport , Lumberton , Maple Shade , Medford , Moorestown , Westampton , and Willingboro in Burlington County; and Cherry Hill in Camden County . The 2010 United States census counted 41,864 people, 17,538 households, and 11,294 families in the township. The population density was 1,930.0 per square mile (745.2/km). There were 18,249 housing units at an average density of 841.3 per square mile (324.8/km). The racial makeup

6324-677: The municipality, 33.26 miles (53.53 km) by Burlington County and 13.55 miles (21.81 km) by the New Jersey Department of Transportation and 7.52 miles (12.10 km) by the New Jersey Turnpike Authority . Several major roadways traverse through Mount Laurel. The New Jersey Turnpike is the most prominent highway, entering from Cherry Hill in the township's southwest corner and continuing for about 7.5 miles (12.1 km) to Westampton at Mount Laurel's northern edge. The Turnpike's James Fenimore Cooper rest area

6417-493: The new suburban influx thought otherwise, and significantly delayed the creation of tax-payer subsidized housing areas, citing concerns of gang activity and an influx of inner-city criminals. Example comments from town meetings against forced construction of housing projects included "...we need this like Custer needed more Indians..."; "...it's reverse discrimination..."; "...we lived in this in South Philly and Newark...", and that

6510-473: The operation of their municipality, the revised act allows the committee to delegate all or a portion of its responsibilities to an appointed municipal administrator. A number of municipalities changed to the Township type, or the Township form of government, between 1979 and 1982. A federal law, The State and Local Fiscal Assistance Act of 1972 provided funding to the states to be divided between state and municipal governments. In 1981, states were removed from

6603-442: The program and the law was amended to provide direct grants to the most popular form of local government in the United States - townships. In Essex County alone, 11 municipal governments changed their form or name to take advantage of the program. There are a total of 240 townships in the state, including: Hardiness zone Unless otherwise specified, in American contexts "hardiness zone" or simply "zone" usually refers to

6696-503: The roots are exposed will not be as low as the hardiness zone number would indicate. As an example, Quebec City in Canada is located in zone 4, but can rely on a significant snow cover every year, making it possible to cultivate plants normally rated for zones 5 or 6. But, in Montreal , located to the southwest in zone 5, it is sometimes difficult to cultivate plants adapted to the zone because of

6789-565: The same data as the AHS. It revised hardiness zones, reflecting generally warmer recent temperatures in many parts of the country, and appeared similar to the AHS 2003 draft. The Foundation also did away with the more detailed a/b half-zone delineations. In 2012 the USDA updated their plant hardiness map based on 1976–2005 weather data, using a longer period of data to smooth out year-to-year weather fluctuations. Two new zones (12 and 13) were added to better define and improve information sharing on tropical and semitropical plants, they also appear on

6882-505: The same latitude as Alaska or Greenland, but the effect of the warm North Atlantic Current is even more pronounced here than it is in Britain and Ireland. Save for a very small spot around Karasjok Municipality , Norway, which is in zone 2, nowhere in the Arctic part of Scandinavia gets below zone 3. The Faroe Islands , at 62–63°N are in zone 8, as are the outer Lofoten Islands at 68°N. Tromsø ,

6975-424: The same mean winter minima on the few coldest nights and be in the same garden zone, but have markedly different climates. For example, zone 8 covers coastal, high latitude, cool summer locations like Seattle and London , as well as lower latitude, hot-summer climates like Charleston and Madrid . Farmers, gardeners, and landscapers in the former two must plan for entirely different growing conditions from those in

7068-435: The same power as other township committee members. The mayor does hold the powers vested in all mayors under state law One township committee member is elected deputy mayor each year. Some towns with this form of government rotate the mayor's office each year, while others elect the same mayor for 2–3 consecutive years. Out of the 240 townships in the state, the township form of government is used by 140. On road signs, township

7161-533: The shorter and much cooler summers of Ireland and Britain. Owing to the moderating effect of the North Atlantic Current on the Irish and British temperate maritime climate , Britain, and Ireland even more so, have milder winters than their northerly position would otherwise afford. This means that the USDA hardiness zones relevant to Britain and Ireland are quite high, from 7 to 10, as shown below. In 2012

7254-497: The southeast coast of Sweden has a colder winter due to the absence of the Gulf Stream. Central Europe is a good example of a transition from an oceanic climate to a continental climate , which reflects in the tendency of the hardiness zones to decrease mainly eastwards instead of northwards. Also, the plateaus and low mountain ranges in this region have a significant impact on how cold it might get during winter. Generally speaking,

7347-406: The sun, natural or humanmade protection from excessive sun, snow, frost, and wind, etc. The annual extreme minimum temperature is a useful indicator, but ultimately only one factor among many for plant growth and survival. An alternative means of describing plant hardiness is to use "indicator plants". In this method, common plants with known limits to their range are used. Sunset publishes

7440-467: The township form of government, or adopt one of the modern forms of government, which are not restricted to a particular type of municipality. In New Jersey, a municipality's name (such as X Township) is not necessarily an indication of its form of government. In New Jersey, the township form of government consists of a three to five-member township committee usually elected at-large in partisan elections. At its organization meeting, held after an election,

7533-715: The township had a total area of 21.99 square miles (56.95 km), including 21.72 square miles (56.26 km) of land and 0.27 square miles (0.69 km) of water (1.21%). It is drained by the Delaware River and Parkers Creek (a tributary of Rancocas Creek ) and the South Branch Pennsauken Creek flow through its eastern and western portions respectively. Mount Laurel has a humid subtropical climate ( Cfa ) and average monthly temperatures range from 33.0 °F in January to 76.9 °F in July. The local hardiness zone

7626-406: The township was 87.10% White , 6.92% African American , 0.09% Native American , 3.80% Asian , 0.03% Pacific Islander , 0.64% from other races , and 1.41% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.24% of the population. There were 16,570 households, out of which 30.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.7% were married couples living together, 8.5% had

7719-425: The township; Larchmont, a piece of the eastern side; Parkway, covers the western portion; and Springville the southern tip. All students from the six K–4 schools feed into a single upper elementary school (for grades 5 and 6) and middle school (grades 7 and 8). As of the 2018–19 school year, the district, comprised of eight schools, had an enrollment of 4,214 students and 350.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for

7812-508: The unreliable snow cover. Many plants may survive in a locality but will not flower if the day length is insufficient or if they require vernalization (a particular duration of low temperature). There are many other climate parameters that a farmer, gardener, or landscaper may need to take into account as well, such as humidity, precipitation, storms, rainy-dry cycles or monsoons, and site considerations such as soil type, soil drainage and water retention, water table, tilt towards or away from

7905-713: The year. Macaronesia consists of four archipelagos: The Azores , the Canary Islands , Cape Verde and Madeira . At lower altitudes and coastal areas, the Portuguese Azores and Madeira belong to zones 10b/11b and 11a/11b respectively. The Azores range from 9a to 11b and Madeira ranges from 9b to 12a, 9a and 9b found inland on the highest altitudes such as Mount Pico in the Azores or Pico Ruivo in Madeira. The Spanish Canary Islands hardiness zones range from 8a to 12b depending on

7998-607: The zone 11a is limited only to a few spots. In the Iberian Peninsula, it can be found on the southern coast, in small Spanish areas inside the provinces of Almería , Cádiz , Granada , Málaga and Murcia . In Portugal , zone 11a can be found in the Southwest on a few unpopulated sites around the municipalities of Lagos and Vila do Bispo . In mainland Greece , zone 11a can be found in Monemvasia and also in areas of Crete ,

8091-414: Was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.8 males. The median income for a household in the township was $ 63,750, and the median income for a family was $ 76,288. Males had a median income of $ 55,597 versus $ 37,198 for females. The per capita income for the township was $ 32,245. About 2.5% of families and 3.1% of the population were below

8184-495: Was 41.8 years. For every 100 females, the population had 87.4 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 83.5 males. The Census Bureau's 2006–2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $ 84,632 (with a margin of error of +/− $ 5,366) and the median family income was $ 100,189 (+/− $ 4,065). Males had a median income of $ 75,870 (+/− $ 3,130) versus $ 54,215 (+/− $ 2,830) for females. The per capita income for

8277-422: Was 79.42% (33,249) White , 9.70% (4,061) Black or African American , 0.16% (67) Native American , 7.26% (3,040) Asian , 0.04% (17) Pacific Islander , 1.00% (418) from other races , and 2.42% (1,012) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.56% (1,907) of the population. Of the 17,538 households, 28.9% had children under the age of 18; 51.0% were married couples living together; 10.5% had

8370-551: Was a small, rural farming community until it was hit with massive suburban growth from Philadelphia in the later 1960s. In 1970, at a meeting about a proposal for taxpayer subsidized housing held at an all-black church in Mount Laurel, Mayor Bill Haines summed up the NIMBYist perspective by saying: "If you people can't afford to live in our town, then you'll just have to leave." Even though the black families in Mount Laurel were not from urban ghettos and were not involved in gang activity,

8463-483: Was named for a hill covered with laurel trees. Several historical landmarks include General Clinton's headquarters, Paulsdale , Evesham Friends Meeting House , Jacob's Chapel , Hattie Britt School, and Farmer's Hall. The Mount Laurel Decision is a judicial interpretation of the New Jersey State Constitution that requires municipalities to use their zoning powers in an affirmative manner to provide

8556-661: Was one of four schools in New Jersey recognized by the National Blue Ribbon Schools Program , awarded by the United States Department of Education , for the 2005–2006 school year. Public school students from Mount Laurel in ninth through twelfth grades attend Lenape High School , located in Medford Township. As of the 2018–2019 school year, the high school had an enrollment of 1,895 students and 156.6 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for

8649-569: Was responsible to oversee the expenditure of revenue in between town meetings. The Township Act of 1899 abolished the town meeting and strengthened the role of the Township Committee, which was initially set at three and amended to allow for expansion to five members. Members were elected for staggered three-year terms. The Home Rule Act of 1917 legally defined the term "municipality" and recognized five types of government: borough , township, city , town , and village and granted each equal legal standing. The Township Act of 1989 simplified

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