Misplaced Pages

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50-579: It includes the following communities (from east to west): The modern-day corridor includes part of the historic Barlow Road and a good-sized portion of the Mount Hood Scenic Byway . U.S. Route 26 runs through the corridor, sometimes alongside the Sandy River . For the United States 2000 Census , much of the corridor was consolidated into a single Mount Hood Village CDP . In December 2005,

100-582: A Union Pacific subsidiary, was owned by Edward H. Harriman and the Oregon Trunk was owned by James J. Hill . In 1964, on the Deschutes River, Portland General Electric (PGE) built, what was at the time, the largest hydroelectric dam in Oregon. This dam, named Round Butte Dam , stands 440 feet (130 m) above Lake Simtustus, a 611-acre (247 ha) reservoir impounded by Pelton Dam . The river

150-417: A big, powerful river. The average catch for these fish is 8 to 15 inches (20 to 38 cm), and some are much larger. These redside or redband trouts are found throughout the river. Fishing for them is most popular from Warm Springs down to Macks Canyon (Warm Springs Reservation owns the entire Deschutes west bank from 16 miles (26 km) south of Maupin to Lake Billy Chinook and on up to Jefferson Creek on

200-623: A cultural heart for central Oregon. Today the river supplies water for irrigation and is popular in the summer for whitewater rafting and fishing . The Deschutes flows generally north, as do several other large Oregon tributaries of the Columbia River, including the Willamette and John Day . The headwaters of the Deschutes River are at Little Lava Lake , a natural lake in the Cascade Range approximately 26 miles (42 km) northwest of

250-595: A financial struggle. By 1863, the toll had decreased to $ 2.50 per wagon and team. From the summit of the Cascade Range westward to Sandy, the Mount Hood Loop Highway is in substantially the same location as the Barlow Road, though modern engineering has solved some of Samuel K. Barlow's greatest difficulties. East of the summit the Barlow Road has been in disuse for many years for a considerable distance down

300-740: A gorge well below the surrounding countryside. It passes through the Warm Springs Indian Reservation , which includes the city of Warm Springs and the Kah-Nee-Ta resort. The river ends at its confluence with the Columbia River , 5 miles (8 km) southwest of Biggs Junction and 204 miles (328 km) from the Columbia's mouth on the Pacific Ocean. Named tributaries of the Deschutes River from source to mouth include Snow Creek then

350-468: A train of seven wagons, intending to return for river transport if the mountain passage proved impractical. On October 1, 1845, Barlow and three men scouted ahead of their company and entered Mount Hood's foothills from the east near Tygh Creek, about 35 miles (56 km) from the mouth of the Deschutes River . They came within perhaps 12 miles (19 km) of Mount Hood. They thought they had glimpsed

400-458: A week's wages, equivalent to about $ 170.00 today ) for each wagon and ten cents for each head of horse, mule, ass, or horned cattle. The grant named the route "Mount Hood Road"—but it was immediately known as the "Barlow Road." The road was built with the financial backing of Philip Foster and a crew of forty men. Five toll gates were eventually built along the route. Barlow's estimate of $ 4000 (equivalent to $ 131,000 today ) had underestimated

450-586: Is a historic road in what is now the U.S. state of Oregon . It was built in 1846 by Sam Barlow and Philip Foster , with authorization of the Provisional Legislature of Oregon , and served as the last overland segment of the Oregon Trail . Its construction allowed covered wagons to cross the Cascade Range and reach the Willamette Valley , which had previously been nearly impossible. Even so, it

500-498: Is a major tributary of the Columbia River . The river provides much of the drainage on the eastern side of the Cascade Range in Oregon, gathering many of the tributaries that descend from the drier, eastern flank of the mountains. The Deschutes provided an important route to and from the Columbia for Native Americans for thousands of years, and then in the 19th century for pioneers on the Oregon Trail . The river flows mostly through rugged and arid country, and its valley provides

550-537: Is world-renowned for its fly fishing . It is home to Columbia River redband trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdneri ) known locally as "redsides". The redsides grow larger than most and also have a distinct darker red stripe than most wild rainbow trout. They are abundant in this stretch of the river, which has counts of 1,700 fish of 7 inches in size per mile (1,100 fish of 18 centimeters in size per kilometer) above Sherar's Falls , and they are noticeably stronger than trout who do not have to cope with life in such

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600-731: The Cultus River , Cultus Creek and Deer Creek, which enter at Crane Prairie Reservoir. Further downstream come the Fall River , the Little Deschutes River , and the Spring River followed by Tumalo Creek and Whychus Creek . The Metolius River and the Crooked River are next, both entering at Lake Billy Chinook. Then come Seekseequa Creek and Willow Creek followed by Dry Hollow and Campbell, Shitike and Trout creeks, after which comes

650-556: The Metolius River arm) below Pelton Dam . Fishing from Tribal lands requires special permits. From Pelton Dam to the mouth the Deschutes is one of America's most productive trout waters and a top producer of summer steelhead, managed primarily for wild trout. This 100-mile (160 km) stretch of river drops 1,233 feet (376 m), carving a volcanic rock canyon 700 to 2,200 feet (213 to 671 m) deep. Fly fishermen come from around

700-467: The Oregon Trail . The major crossing point on the river was near its mouth in present-day Deschutes River State Recreation Area . Many immigrants camped on the bluff on the west side of the river after making the crossing. The remains of the trail leading up to the top of the bluff are still visible. In 1910, Mirror Pond was created by the construction of the Bend Water, Light & Power Company dam on

750-523: The Warm Springs River . Further downstream are Swamp, Skookum, Oak, Antoken, Cove, Eagle, Nena, Wapinitia and Bakeoven creeks. Spring Creek is next, followed by Oak Springs Creek and the White River . Below that are Winterwater and Elder creeks. Prior to 80,000 years ago, the river ran along the east side of Pilot Butte and a lava flow from Lava Top Butte filled in this ancient channel. Previously,

800-569: The Clackamas County side is buried under US 26. Overall, about twenty percent of the road is still visible today. A roadside marker and trail at Laurel Hill (just west of Government Camp) provides history and access to the portion where a sixty percent grade was present in the early Barlow Road. Wagons were lowered down the hill winched by ropes wrapped around trees. Deschutes River (Oregon) The Deschutes River ( / d ə ˈ ʃ uː t s / də- SHOOTS ) in central Oregon

850-558: The Galveston Bridge and is a feature of Drake Park as well as Harmon, Pageant, and Brooks parks. From April through October, diversions to Central Oregon Irrigation District canals reduce the river flow between Bend and Pelton Reregulating Dam , at river mile (RM) 100 (river kilometer (RK) 160). The river continues north from Bend, and just west of Redmond, Oregon . Here it passes by Eagle Crest Resort and Cline Falls State Scenic Viewpoint . As it heads north through

900-490: The Willamette Valley traveled the Barlow Road, with most of the remainder choosing the Columbia River route. Barlow's concession expired in 1848, and he and Foster terminated their largely unprofitable partnership on November 29, 1848. Barlow turned the road over to the state, but it fell into disrepair, and became almost impassible. Others continued to operate the toll road, but weather and mountain conditions made this

950-509: The Willamette Valley, and learned from the Indigenous people in the region of a trail leading to Oregon City, but returned to Tygh Creek about five days after their departure. There Joel Palmer was waiting for him with a 23 wagon party. Palmer had followed Barlow for a better route, and had just returned from exploring the same area. The combined company organized road clearing through the forest, mostly by burning. The clearing party made it to

1000-654: The basalt of the Bend lava flow, associated with the Lava River Cave , had diverted the river westward to its present-day location. The river was named Rivière des Chutes or Rivière aux Chutes , French for River of the Falls , during the period of fur trading. The waterfall it referred to was the Celilo Falls on the Columbia River , near where the Deschutes flowed into it. (These falls no longer exist, having been inundated by

1050-537: The central Oregon high desert , the river carves a gorge bordered by large basalt cliffs. By the time it reaches Lake Billy Chinook , a reservoir west of Madras , the river is approximately 300 feet (91 m) below the surrounding plateau, the Little Agency Plains and Agency Plains . At Lake Billy Chinook the river is joined by the Crooked and Metolius rivers. Beyond the dam, the river continues north in

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1100-477: The channels can be wide and deep. Located roughly seven miles southeast of Crane Prairie Reservoir, you will find Wickiup Reservoir. Wickiup Reservoir holds a wide variety of species open to angling. Wickiup holds a reputable amount of both kokanee and Coho salmon . It is not uncommon to catch rainbow trout, brook trout, whitefish and chub. However, most anglers whether they know it or not, are targeting large brown trout. Wickiup Reservoir holds many brown trout in

1150-428: The city of La Pine . The river flows south into Crane Prairie Reservoir , then into Wickiup Reservoir , from where it heads in a northeasterly direction past the resort community of Sunriver and into the city of Bend , about 170 miles (270 km) from the river mouth on the Columbia. In central Bend, the river enters Mirror Pond , an impoundment behind Newport hydroelectric dam . The pond extends upstream to

1200-505: The communities from Rhododendron to Marmot applied to Clackamas County seeking to form a village called the Villages at Mount Hood . [REDACTED] 45°21′N 122°00′W  /  45.35°N 122.00°W  / 45.35; -122.00 This Clackamas County , Oregon state location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Barlow Road The Barlow Road (at inception, Mount Hood Road )

1250-403: The eastern slope, especially where it traversed the canyon of White River. The Oak Grove Road from Salmon River Meadows to Wapinitia was not a part of the original Barlow Road, though frequently spoken of as such. The construction of the Barlow Road contributed more towards the prosperity of the Willamette Valley and the future State of Oregon, than any other achievement prior to the building of

1300-477: The five to eight pound range, and has also been known to produce brown trout in the mid-twenty pound range. This reservoir is most easily fished from a boat due to its depth. Most people find success in trolling lures horizontally through the depths of the reservoir. Vertical jigging in an aggressive manner can be an effective method of targeting the salmon species of the reservoir. Bank fishing offers dry fly-fishing enthusiasts an opportunity to catch fish hiding under

1350-483: The group, arranged for guards for their wagons at a place they named Fort Deposit. Several families in wagons ill-suited for travel through the wilderness remained at Fort Deposit, while the remainder returned to The Dalles. Barlow's group followed the Sandy River west on foot. Palmer noted an intersection with a trail coming from The Dalles by way of Lolo Pass, around the north side of Mount Hood, which had previously been

1400-487: The lake behind The Dalles Dam ). Lewis and Clark encountered the river on October 22, 1805, and referred to it by the Native American name Towarnehiooks ; on their return journey they gave it the new name Clarks River . Variant names include Clarks River, River of the Falls, Riviere des Chutes, Chutes River, and Falls River. During the middle 19th century, the river was a major obstacle for immigrants on

1450-466: The nickname "cranebows". Other fish found in Crane Prairie are brook trout , kokanee salmon , largemouth bass , black crappie , tui chub , three-spined stickleback , and whitefish . Fly, lure, and bait fishing are popular methods, with the majority of trout fisherman casting or trolling in the channels. For the best chance of catching large fish, a boat or other flotation device is recommended as

1500-472: The north side of Mount Hood , but that trail was too rugged for vehicles and unsuitable for wagons. A trading post (allowed by the Department of War) had been built where river crossings could be made along with the disassembly of wagons to make rafts suitable for floating down the remainder of the Columbia. The Barlow Road begins at Wascopam Mission and heads south to Tygh Valley (some consider Tygh Valley

1550-465: The number of trees to be cut down and forgotten the numerous challenging bridges that would have to be built over rivers such as the Sandy, Zigzag , White, and Salmon . The White River continues to challenge its bridges to this day. In its first season of operation, Barlow recorded the passage of 152 wagons, 1300 sheep, 1559 mules, horses, and cattle. Despite ongoing maintenance, the general condition of

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1600-400: The obstructions of the shallows. In Lake Billy Chinook, there are fisheries for kokanee , bull trout , rainbow trout , brown trout , and several warm-water species such as large mouth bass and a very large population of small mouth bass. There are also periodic commercial fisheries for crayfish . The bull trout that are caught in this reservoir are some of the largest bull trout caught on

1650-505: The only overland trail traversed by pioneers. Near the present-day city of Sandy , they turned southwest to reach Eagle Creek and Philip Foster's farm near present-day Clackamas . That autumn, Barlow considered the route over the mountains and petitioned the Provisional Legislature of Oregon for permission to build a road on December 9, 1845, claiming that his estimated cost of $ 4000 was lower than that of others familiar with

1700-681: The origin), then turns west and roughly parallels the White River on the north and then west, crosses the south shoulder of Mount Hood at Barlow Pass , follows Camp Creek and the Sandy River for some way, and finally leads to Oregon City . The road was rendered largely irrelevant in the early 1900s by the construction of the Mount Hood Highway . It still exists as a dirt road in some places, while many other parts have been paved over by newer streets and highways. When Sam Barlow arrived at The Dalles late September 1845, as many as sixty families were waiting for river transport. The expected wait

1750-717: The original Barlow Road in Wasco County traverses an unpopulated area within Mount Hood National Forest and follows small Forest Service roads and "Jeep trails", then Rock Creek Dam Road, and finally Wamic Market Road, north of the White River, from the Cascades to Tygh Valley. The areas east of Mount Hood National Forest have always been sparsely populated. Good wagon wheel rut viewing is possible at Pioneer Woman's Grave near Bennett Pass and in several other places. Much of

1800-473: The path from Idaho to the Pacific Ocean as the "Old Oregon Trail" route and approved signage with a prairie schooner and oxen for motor travelers to navigate. In 1978, the entire Oregon Trail, including the Barlow Road, was named a National Historic Trail by the U.S. Congress . In 1992, the Barlow Road was placed on the National Register of Historic Places as a historic district . In 2005, part of it

1850-470: The railways in 1870. — Matthew Deady , Oregon's first federal judge In 1849, a military wagon train destined for Oregon forts passed over the road. It carried 250 short tons (230 t) of munitions in more than 400 wagons pulled by 1700 mules. From the beginning of Barlow Road to the camp the soldiers made at what has been known since as Government Camp , they abandoned 45 wagons after dozens of mules died of starvation. Various owners operated

1900-482: The river from the mouth to Round Butte Dam . Sport fishing for spring and fall Chinook salmon occurs from the mouth to Sherars Falls. Tribal fishing for Chinook and steelhead occurs at Sherars Falls. Crane Prairie Reservoir, the first major lake/reservoir the Deschutes flows into, offers some of the best rainbow trout fishing in Oregon, with a large number of rainbows in the 4-10 pound range and some reaching 20 pounds. These trout are renowned for their size and are given

1950-571: The river in Bend . The dam provided the city with its initial source of electricity. The dam has been owned by Pacific Power since 1930 and still produces electricity that supplies approximately 400 Bend households. In 1908, two competing railroad companies, the Deschutes Railroad and the Oregon Trunk Railway , raced to build a line from the mouth of the river to Bend. The Deschutes Railroad,

2000-525: The river's flow in the summer months. The growth of cities like Bend and Redmond also increased demand on the river's water, which is over-allocated. Because the existing canals lose about half of their water due to seepage, there is pressure to convert these canals into pipelines, a move that is resisted by many locals for historic and aesthetic reasons. Golf courses have also been an issue with water allocation. There are 13 golf courses throughout Bend, Redmond, and Sunriver. There are primarily two sections of

2050-522: The road until 1882. Ownership then passed to the Mount Hood & Barlow Road Company. E. Henry Wemme purchased that company in 1912, and made improvements to the road. Wemme's attorney, George W. Joseph , became the owner upon Wemme's death in 1914, in a probate dispute so contentious that it shaped the 1930 race for Governor of Oregon . Joseph and his wife donated the road to the people of Oregon in 1919. The 1923 Oregon Legislative Assembly designated

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2100-420: The road was considered to vary from "rough to barely passable." The direction of travel was effectively one-way until 1861, when a better road was blasted through Laurel Hill . Despite the expense and difficulties of passage, the road was very popular, with more than a thousand immigrants and approximately 150 wagons recorded in the first year of operation. Approximately three-quarters of the settlers entering

2150-477: The route. Permission was granted with a vote of 8-2 on December 17, 1845, approved by Speaker pro-tem Henry A. G. Lee , and signed into law by Governor George Abernethy . God never made a mountain but what He provided a place for man to go over or around it. —Sam Barlow, while awaiting a Columbia River boat, contemplated an overland road. The road's toll was authorized for two years effective January 1, 1846 and specified toll rates at five dollars (about

2200-428: The top of a ridge, now known as Barlow Pass, where they were effectively lost. Barlow, Palmer, and a man named Harrison Porter Locke hiked the south face of Mount Hood west of Palmer Glacier to scout a westward route off the mountain. Palmer, in better physical condition than his companions, climbed high on a glacier (likely Zigzag Glacier ), and took detailed notes on the surrounding ridges and rivers. They returned to

2250-418: The west coast. The numbers are scarce because the bulls are threatened; however, numbers have risen every year since they became protected. The lake allows an individual to keep a bull trout that measures more than 24 inches (61 cm). (This is included for a daily bag limit.) Much of the flow of the upper Deschutes River is diverted into canals to irrigate farmland; irrigation districts take nearly 98% of

2300-591: The western side of the Cascades, U.S. Route 26 follows more or less the same route from Sandy to Government Camp; south of Government Camp, US 26 follows a valley just west of the Barlow Road's route along Barlow Creek. The route is concurrent with a few miles of the southern end of Oregon Route 35, and much of the Mount Hood Highway. The Barlow Road is intact as a dirt road in a roughly north–south stretch along Barlow Creek; other portions are pristine ruts up to six feet (1.8 m) deep. The easternmost part of

2350-534: The world in the last two weeks in May through the first two weeks in June to take advantage of the hatching stoneflies , both salmonflies and golden stoneflies ( Hesperoperla pacifica ). These insects are in the river year-round; however their large adults are a major food source for the fish: artificial weighted stonefly nymph patterned tied flies are a staple for Deschutes anglers year round. Sport fishing for Steelhead occurs in

2400-471: Was by far the most harrowing 100 miles (160 km) of the nearly 2,000-mile (3,200 km) Oregon Trail. Before the opening of the Barlow Road, pioneers traveling by land from the east followed the Oregon Trail to Wascopam Mission (now The Dalles ) and floated down the Columbia River to Fort Vancouver , then a perilous and expensive journey. It was also possible to drive livestock over Lolo Pass on

2450-495: Was incorporated into the Mount Hood Scenic Byway . The Mount Hood National Recreation Area was designated in 2009, including Barlow Pass. The Oregon Trail, Barlow Road Segment is a small segment of an alternate route, near Wemme, that was separately listed on the National Register in 1974. Also Rock Corral on the Barlow Road , a campsite on the Barlow Road near Brightwood , was also separately NRHP-listed in 1974. On

2500-464: Was more than ten days, and the transportation "exorbitantly" priced. Local inquiries turned up little information about traveling over the mountains except that water, timber, and grazing were plentiful. Barlow and H. M. Knighton set out to determine the feasibility of a route, seeking a more expedient and less expensive way to the Willamette Valley. Knighton decided it was impractical after 20 or 25 miles (30–40 km) and returned. Barlow forged on with

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