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50-572: At its full former reach, the source of Mud Creek began near Downsview Airport , from which the creek flowed approximately 11.5km southeast to its mouth at the Don River. Now considered one of Toronto's lost rivers, much of the creek is now buried, with the sole surface portions visible consisting of a 2.1km stretch starting from Moore Park Ravine at the Moore Park neighbourhood to the Don River. However, with positive results of recent conservation efforts, it

100-489: A location identifier , is a three-letter geocode designating many airports and metropolitan areas around the world, defined by the International Air Transport Association (IATA). The characters prominently displayed on baggage tags attached at airport check-in desks are an example of a way these codes are used. The assignment of these codes is governed by IATA Resolution 763, and it

150-550: A new airport is built, replacing the old one, leaving the city's new "major" airport (or the only remaining airport) code to no longer correspond with the city's name. The original airport in Nashville, Tennessee, was built in 1936 as part of the Works Progress Administration and called Berry Field with the designation, BNA. A new facility known as Nashville International Airport was built in 1987 but still uses BNA. This

200-516: A parallel taxiway. Runway 09/27 at 3,164 ft (964 m) was previously closed (east section removed), as was runway 04/22 at 4,000 ft (1,200 m) (north section removed and south part retained as taxiway into the Bombardier plant). Bombardier has an agreement to sell the Downsview Airport and its manufacturing plant to Public Sector Pension Investment Board (PSP Investments). Under

250-408: A stated capacity of 50,000, and according to Billboard Canada is "one of the world's few venues of the size that isn't also home to a sports team." Buildings located within or next to the airport: Former tenants Most of the roads at Downsview are city-owned roadways: IATA airport code An IATA airport code , also known as an IATA location identifier , IATA station code , or simply

300-499: Is GSN and its IATA code is SPN, and some coincide with IATA codes of non-U.S. airports. Canada's unusual codes—which bear little to no similarity with any conventional abbreviation to the city's name—such as YUL in Montréal , and YYZ in Toronto , originated from the two-letter codes used to identify weather reporting stations in the 1930s. The letters preceding the two-letter code follow

350-576: Is a now-closed airport located in Toronto , Ontario , Canada. An air field, then air force base, it has been a testing facility for Bombardier Aerospace from 1994. In 2018, Bombardier sold the facility to Northcrest Developments, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Public Sector Pension Investment Board ; in late 2023, Northcrest announced that industrial and airport operations would close by mid-2024, as redevelopment into commercial and residential properties moves forward. The airport

400-606: Is administered by the IATA's headquarters in Montreal , Canada. The codes are published semi-annually in the IATA Airline Coding Directory. IATA provides codes for airport handling entities, and for certain railway stations. Alphabetical lists of airports sorted by IATA code are available. A list of railway station codes , shared in agreements between airlines and rail lines such as Amtrak , SNCF , and Deutsche Bahn ,

450-460: Is also brought forward as a success story for good ravine management. The former path of Mud Creek can still be seen in the geography from the Downsview neighbourhood, to Mount Pleasant Cemetery , and into the depression at the beginning of Moore Park Ravine. However, almost all of the former reach of Mud Creek was buried. The source was believed to be near Downsview Airport where it flowed towards

500-600: Is available. However, many railway administrations have their own list of codes for their stations, such as the list of Amtrak station codes . Airport codes arose out of the convenience that the practice brought pilots for location identification in the 1930s. Initially, pilots in the United States used the two-letter code from the National Weather Service (NWS) for identifying cities. This system became unmanageable for cities and towns without an NWS identifier, and

550-518: Is different from the name in English, yet the airport code represents only the English name. Examples include: Due to scarcity of codes, some airports are given codes with letters not found in their names: The use of 'X' as a filler letter is a practice to create three-letter identifiers when more straightforward options were unavailable: Some airports in the United States retained their NWS ( National Weather Service ) codes and simply appended an X at

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600-513: Is in conjunction to rules aimed to avoid confusion that seem to apply in the United States, which state that "the first and second letters or second and third letters of an identifier may not be duplicated with less than 200 nautical miles separation." Thus, Washington, D.C. area's three airports all have radically different codes: IAD for Washington–Dulles , DCA for Washington–Reagan (District of Columbia Airport), and BWI for Baltimore (Baltimore–Washington International, formerly BAL). Since HOU

650-532: Is not followed outside the United States: In addition, since three letter codes starting with Q are widely used in radio communication, cities whose name begins with "Q" also had to find alternate codes, as in the case of: IATA codes should not be confused with the FAA identifiers of U.S. airports. Most FAA identifiers agree with the corresponding IATA codes, but some do not, such as Saipan , whose FAA identifier

700-490: Is still felt by local residents from the high soil water-table. From the park, it then travelled southeast crossing Yonge Street at Hillsdale Avenue. From there, Mud Creek flowed through what is now paved over as Tulis Drive, past the southwest corner of June Rowlands Park and into Mount Pleasant Cemetery at the Mount Pleasant Road, where the high water-table present even today waters a small wetland garden. The waters from

750-416: Is used for William P. Hobby Airport , the new Houston–Intercontinental became IAH. The code BKK was originally assigned to Bangkok–Don Mueang and was later transferred to Suvarnabhumi Airport , while the former adopted DMK. The code ISK was originally assigned to Gandhinagar Airport (Nashik's old airport) and later on transferred to Ozar Airport (Nashik's current airport). Shanghai–Hongqiao retained

800-747: The Beltline Trail that runs through it. A pivotal scene in Margaret Atwood 's novel Cat's Eye was set in Mud Creek near the Heath Street footbridge, where the protagonist describes wading into it: The water of the creek is cold and peaceful, it comes straight from the cemetery, from the graves and their bones. 43°41′34″N 79°22′36″W  /  43.6927952°N 79.3766196°W  / 43.6927952; -79.3766196 Downsview Airport Downsview Airport ( IATA : YZD , ICAO : CYZD )

850-561: The Canadian transcontinental railroads were built, each station was assigned its own two-letter Morse code : When the Canadian government established airports, it used the existing railway codes for them as well. If the airport had a weather station, authorities added a "Y" to the front of the code, meaning "Yes" to indicate it had a weather station or some other letter to indicate it did not. When international codes were created in cooperation with

900-522: The Canadian division of the British aerospace company, de Havilland as a general aviation airfield and one of two airports in the area apart from Pearson Airport for testing aircraft at the site manufacturing plant. The airfield was expanded as a military installation during World War II by the Royal Canadian Air Force and renamed RCAF Station Downsview , now CFB Toronto. Downsview Airport

950-556: The DeHavilland name to Viking Air , which has not disclosed its long-term plans for Dash 8 production beyond the existing already agreed-upon time frame for Downsview. On 11 June 2022, a private event was held at Downsview Airport, commemorating the farewell of De Havilland Canada after 94 years at the airport. Many past and present employees and their families were invited to attend. The event featured showcases of various de Havilland Canada aircraft, with some arriving and departing from

1000-542: The Don River valley. Adjoining Mount Pleasant Cemetery, the first portion of the ravine from Moore Avenue to Heath Street (c. 1890s Clarence Avenue) was known as Spring Valley and was marketed by the Toronto Belt Line Railway Company as such with the name also applied to the creek. The creek and the ravine is considered one of the best nature walks in Toronto. The creek enters into the Don River valley at

1050-551: The Don Valley Brick Works, where its flow bifurcates through or adjacent to the ponds, and then re-converges shortly before exiting into the Don River south of Bayview Avenue. The ponds serve to hold and provide biological filtration for the inflow from Mud Creek prior to discharge into the Don River, and is part of Toronto's storm-water management strategy. Due to the geology and depth of the ravine, erosion and foresting work has been ongoing to preserve its integrity as well as

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1100-481: The United States, because "Y" was seldom used in the United States, Canada simply used the weather station codes for its airports, changing the "Y" to a "Z" if it conflicted with an airport code already in use. The result is that most major Canadian airport codes start with "Y" followed by two letters in the city's name (for example, YOW for O tta w a , YWG for W innipe g , YYC for C algar y , or YVR for V ancouve r ), whereas other Canadian airports append

1150-539: The agreement, Bombardier can use Downsview for up to five years. Bombardier signed a lease agreement with the Greater Toronto Airports Authority to build a new facility at Pearson Airport on 38 acres (0.15 km ; 15 ha) where it would move the production of its Global series planes. Plans for Dash 8 production were not announced at that time. In November 2018, Bombardier sold the Dash 8 business and

1200-402: The airport during the occasion A series of homes were built for Canadian Forces personnel at the corner of Keele Street and Sheppard Avenue West and at the south end of the base property. Access to the north end housing on Robert Woodhead Crescent and John Drury Drive was restricted to base personnel and fenced off from the neighbouring properties. After the military base being closed down,

1250-440: The airport itself instead of the city it serves, while another code is reserved which refers to the city itself which can be used to search for flights to any of its airports. For instance: Or using a code for the city in one of the major airports and then assigning another code to another airport: When different cities with the same name each have an airport, they need to be assigned different codes. Examples include: Sometimes,

1300-418: The airport's former name, such as Orlando International Airport 's MCO (for Mc C o y Air Force Base), or Chicago's O'Hare International Airport , which is coded ORD for its original name: Or char d Field. In rare cases, the code comes from the airport's unofficial name, such as Kahului Airport 's OGG (for local aviation pioneer Jimmy H ogg ). In large metropolitan areas, airport codes are often named after

1350-553: The airport, where the Dash 8 was built and assembled. The Bombardier Global Express and the variant Global 5000 were also assembled here at the Downsview plant, as were the wings and wingboxes of the Learjet 45 . The Bombardier CSeries jet had landed at the airfield in 2015, but is assembled in Montreal. The airport had one operational runway, 15/33 at 7,000 ft (2,100 m) with

1400-474: The anchor of the community as a pedestrianized open space, while the hangars will be retrofitted to house new commercial and cultural ventures. Upon completion, YZD is expected to accommodate over 55,000 residents and create 23,000 jobs. On 26 September 2024, United States-based Live Nation Entertainment confirmed that Rogers Stadium will debut at YZD in June 2025. The new stadium will be an open-air concert venue with

1450-491: The code SHA, while the newer Shanghai–Pudong adopted PVG. The opposite was true for Berlin : the airport Berlin–Tegel used the code TXL, while its smaller counterpart Berlin–Schönefeld used SXF; the Berlin Brandenburg Airport has the airport code BER, which is also part of its branding. The airports of Hamburg (HAM) and Hannover (HAJ) are less than 100 nautical miles (190 km) apart and therefore share

1500-919: The end. Examples include: A lot of minor airfields without scheduled passenger traffic have ICAO codes but not IATA codes, since the four letter codes allow more number of codes, and IATA codes are mainly used for passenger services such as tickets, and ICAO codes by pilots. In the US, such airfields use FAA codes instead of ICAO. There are airports with scheduled service for which there are ICAO codes but not IATA codes, such as Nkhotakota Airport/Tangole Airport in Malawi or Chōfu Airport in Tokyo, Japan. There are also several minor airports in Russia (e.g., Omsukchan Airport ) which lack IATA codes and instead use internal Russian codes for booking. Flights to these airports cannot be booked through

1550-557: The first three letters of the city in which it is located, for instance: The code may also be a combination of the letters in its name, such as: Sometimes the airport code reflects pronunciation, rather than spelling, namely: For many reasons, some airport codes do not fit the normal scheme described above. Some airports, for example, cross several municipalities or regions, and therefore, use codes derived from some of their letters, resulting in: Other airports—particularly those serving cities with multiple airports—have codes derived from

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1600-474: The following format: Most large airports in Canada have codes that begin with the letter "Y", although not all "Y" codes are Canadian (for example, YUM for Yuma, Arizona , and YNT for Yantai , China), and not all Canadian airports start with the letter "Y" (for example, ZBF for Bathurst, New Brunswick ). Many Canadian airports have a code that starts with W, X or Z, but none of these are major airports. When

1650-593: The form of " YYZ ", a song by the rock band Rush , which utilizes the Morse code signal as a musical motif. Some airports have started using their IATA codes as brand names , such as Calgary International Airport (YYC) and Vancouver International Airport (YVR). Numerous New Zealand airports use codes that contain the letter Z, to distinguish them from similar airport names in other countries. Examples include HLZ for Hamilton , ZQN for Queenstown , and WSZ for Westport . Predominantly, airport codes are named after

1700-510: The former creek then flowed southeast to exit into Moore Park Ravine. The sole remaining section of Mud Creek that flows is the open section south of Moore Avenue, starting at the Moore Park Ravine. Much of the water flowing in this surface portion of Mud Creek is not from its former or local watershed; rather, it is diverted from the Forman and Bayview Avenue storm sewers located northeast of

1750-412: The housing was abandoned and torn down. In May 2024, Northcrest Developments took control of the site, following Bombardier's relocation to a new facility. On 17 August 2024, Northcrest unveiled a new identity for the site, naming it YZD, a nod to the former airport code and honouring the site’s legacy of innovation. The $ 30-billion CAD transformation of the 1.5 km (370 acres) site will unfold over

1800-482: The international air booking systems or have international luggage transferred there, and thus, they are booked instead through the airline or a domestic booking system. Several heliports in Greenland have 3-letter codes used internally which might be IATA codes for airports in faraway countries. There are several airports with scheduled service that have not been assigned ICAO codes that do have IATA codes, especially in

1850-534: The intersection of Champlain Boulevard and Highway 401 . From there it crossed into the present-day location of the Baycrest Medical Center parking lot and flowed south to around Ranee Avenue and Ridgevale Drive and then through a greenbelt that is now Woburn Park. Crossing Lawrence Avenue, it flowed into the present day Caribou Park and then followed the southeast curve of Coldstream Avenue, where flow from

1900-542: The local catchment is briefly visible in the Kimbark-Coldstream Ravine until it enters the sewers and is diverted east. From the ravine, the former Mud Creek travelled south east, crossing Avenue Road into Lytton Park and then flowed south following the path of Rosewell Avenue into Eglinton Park. The creek exited the southeast corner of the Eglinton Park near Edith street, where the former presence of Mud Creek

1950-561: The local economy after the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak in 2003. The airfield has also served as a test site for several famous aircraft produced by de Havilland and Avro Canada , including the Beaver , the Twin Otter , and the Dash 8 . The airport was available to pilots only with prior permission. Bombardier Aerospace at one time owned twelve hangars in the southwest corner of

2000-612: The name of the airport itself, for instance: This is also true with some cities with a single airport (even if there is more than one airport in the metropolitan area of said city), such as BDL for Hartford, Connecticut 's B ra dl ey International Airport or Baltimore's BWI, for B altimore/ W ashington I nternational Airport ; however, the latter also serves Washington, D.C. , alongside Dulles International Airport (IAD, for I nternational A irport D ulles) and Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport (DCA, for D istrict of C olumbia A irport). The code also sometimes comes from

2050-404: The next 30 years. The project includes the creation of seven new neighbourhoods, encompassing over 2.6 km (28,000,000 sq ft) of residential space, over 0.65 km (7,000,000 sq ft) of commercial and cultural spaces, and approximately 0.30 km (74 acres) of parks, green, and open spaces, including the 2.1 km (1.3 mi) reimagined Runway. The Runway will become

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2100-416: The one they are located in: Other airport codes are of obscure origin, and each has its own peculiarities: In Asia, codes that do not correspond with their city's names include Niigata 's KIJ , Nanchang 's KHN and Pyongyang 's FNJ . EuroAirport Basel Mulhouse Freiburg , which serves three countries, has three airport codes: BSL, MLH, EAP. Some cities have a name in their respective language which

2150-466: The property was administered by a civilian Crown corporation , officially known as Parc Downsview Park , which co-managed the airfield with Bombardier Aerospace (the successor to de Havilland Canada). The airfield was used to host the 1984 and 2002 papal visits by Pope John Paul II , as well as to host the Molson Canadian Rocks for Toronto concert headlined by The Rolling Stones to revive

2200-532: The ravine, which drains the Upper Cudmore Creek watershed . The open section of Mud Creek runs 2.1km to the Don River, mostly adjacent to the Beltline Trail where it is buried for short stretches as it is repeatedly diverted to opposite sides of the trail before finally emerging through the Don Valley Brick Works . Moore Park Ravine begins just south of Moore Avenue and ends with the open space of

2250-501: The same first and middle letters, indicating that this rule might be followed only in Germany. Many cities retain historical names in their airport codes, even after having undergone an official name/spelling/transliteration change: Some airport codes are based on previous names associated with a present airport, often with a military heritage. These include: Some airports are named for an administrative division or nearby city, rather than

2300-497: The station code of Malton, Mississauga , where it is located). YUL is used for Montréal–Trudeau (UL was the ID code for the beacon in the city of Kirkland , now the location of Montréal–Trudeau). While these codes make it difficult for the public to associate them with a particular Canadian city, some codes have become popular in usage despite their cryptic nature, particularly at the largest airports. Toronto's code has entered pop culture in

2350-504: The two-letter code of the radio beacons that were the closest to the actual airport, such as YQX in Gander or YXS in Prince George . Four of the ten provincial capital airports in Canada have ended up with codes beginning with YY, including: Canada's largest airport is YYZ for Toronto Pearson (as YTZ was already allocated to Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport , the airport was given

2400-529: The use of two letters allowed only a few hundred combinations; a three-letter system of airport codes was implemented. This system allowed for 17,576 permutations, assuming all letters can be used in conjunction with each other. Since the U.S. Navy reserved "N" codes, and to prevent confusion with Federal Communications Commission broadcast call signs , which begin with "W" or "K", the airports of certain U.S. cities whose name begins with one of these letters had to adopt "irregular" airport codes: This practice

2450-675: Was closed as of April 2024. On 17 August 2024, Northcrest Developments unveiled a new identity for the 1.5 km (370 acres) of the former Downsview Airport lands drawing on the site’s history: YZD, as the transformation kicks off. Downsview Airport had its own fire service ( Bombardier Aerospace Emergency Services ) which covered airport operations (using two airport fire rescue vehicles) and plant operations (using two SUV emergency vehicles ). Bombardier Emergency Services employees were cross-trained as firefighters , first responders and airport security . de Havilland Airfield or Downsview Airfield opened in 1929 by de Havilland Canada ,

2500-498: Was developed in 1939 as an airfield next to an aircraft manufacturing plant operated by de Havilland Canada . In 1947, the Department of National Defence purchased property surrounding the airfield and expanded it, creating RCAF Station Downsview to provide an air base for Royal Canadian Air Force units. The base was renamed Canadian Forces Base Toronto (Downsview) in 1968 and retained this name until its closure in 1996. From 1998,

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