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29-670: The territory of the commune is located on the western slope of the Savena valley, on the northern ridge of Monte Venere and on the left side of the Setta and Sambro streams. In the 12th century Monzuno was under the rule of the Marquises of Tuscany . After the Lombard overlords, it passed over to the possession of the Ubaldinis and afterwards was handed over to Matilde di Canossa . It was finally divided among

58-501: A masculine word do not have an -a : la rôda , "the wheel", äl rôd , "the wheels". The plurals of feminine words constructed from masculine words are formed by using an -i instead of an -a : biånnda , "blonde", biånndi , "blondes"; ziéṅna "aunt", ziéṅni , "aunts". Exception: bån, bôna No observable patterns exist for ô or ò . Sometimes stressed ô or ò turns into û on plural forms for example: al ciôd - i ciûd and al òc' - i ûc' . Other times it

87-565: Is a dialect of Emilian spoken in the most part in the city of Bologna and its hinterland (except east of the Sillaro stream ), but also in the district of Castelfranco Emilia in the province of Modena , and in the towns of Sambuca Pistoiese ( Tuscany ), Cento , Sant'Agostino , and Poggio Renatico ( province of Ferrara ). Although the term dialect is commonly used in reference to all minority languages native to Italy, most of them are not mutually intelligible with Italian . Bolognese

116-413: Is complicated. Unlike Italian, inflection usually happens not by adding suffixes but rather by apophony : However, when words that end with -èl or -ôl are pluralised, the -èl or -ôl is changed to -î and -û respectively: martèl , "hammer", martî , "hammers"; fiôl , "son", fiû "sons". There are some exceptions to that rule, such as nurmèl , "normal", which

145-428: Is invariable for example: al sôld - i sôld and l òmen - i òmen . Alteration is the formation of words from others that are not changed in their fundamental features; instead, the way in which the concept is considered changes. The alterations can be added together to form chains: The alteration suffix is always stressed. Therefore, metaphony occurs: Often alterations change the gender of words: Adjective become

174-602: Is no exception and so is an Emilian dialect , not an Italian one. Bolognese is a dialect of Emilian , one of the Gallo-Italic languages of the Romance family. It shares many common features with other Gallo-Italic languages such as Piedmontese , Lombard , Venetian , Romagnol and Ligurian , and it is closer to them than to Italian. Bolognese evolved a group of Gallo-Romance languages sharing features with neighbouring northern Italian languages. It developed more distinctly into

203-536: Is preferable to use the augmentative –ån, -åna and the diminutive én, éna, àtt, àtta, etc. Therefore, to say “a small house” would be “una caṡlatta” and certainly not “una cén cà”! Even figurative expressions (a little help, a little stylist) should be translated with a few turns of phrase: (un pôc d’ajût, un stiléssta in fâza) Superlativo Relativo article + pió + noun + ed Special forms meglio / migliore peggio / peggiore Orthographic rules Combination with preposition Orthographic rules: The plural of

232-472: Is unchanged when made plural, and some others, such as sàntel , "godfather", which are unchanged when made plural because words are not truncated, that is, with a stress that does not fall on è or ô . Masculine words that end in a consonant are unchanged when made plural and so the number can be identified only by the preceding article: al râm , "the branch", i râm , "the branches". In addition, pluralised feminine words that are not constructed from

261-596: The Idice east of Bologna . This Metropolitan City of Florence location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article on a location in Emilia–Romagna is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article related to a river in Italy is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Bolognese dialect Bolognese (native name: bulgnaiṡ [buʎˈɲai̯z] )

290-673: The Middle Ages as a dialect of the Emilian language. During the High Middle Ages , a number of troubadours composing lyrical poetry were active in Bologna , especially during the 13th century. That served to raise cultural awareness to the possibility of composing songs, poems and other works in vernacular languages. One of the first references to Bolognese as a distinct language was made by Dante Alighieri , in his De vulgari eloquentia , written in

319-562: The 20th century, where children were punished for speaking the dialect in school, as it was considered to be a sign of poor education and etiquette. In 1964, Alberto Menarini proposed an alphabet with many of the same letters still used. In recent times, Bolognese has enjoyed a period of rebirth with some words, such as umarell , derived from Bolognese umarèl , becoming popular beyond Bologna itself. Here are some prominent features of Bolognese phonology: The phonemes of Bolognese are realized phonetically very differently depending on

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348-575: The Count Francesco di Thurn di Valsassina, to the Marullis of Bologna and in the end to the Bertis. Every year, generally in the second Sunday of May, a mountain biking event entitled Vado di Brutto takes place in the fraction of Vado, taking advantage of existing Club Alpino Italiano (CAI) routes around Monte Sole . After the first two editions in 2014 and 2015, respectively attracting 305 and 438 bikers,

377-571: The Ghibellines of Bologna plotted to open the city's door to the Marquis Niccolò II d'Este , Guiduccio da Monzuno took sides in favour of the insurgents and decided to support the Lambertazzis. Bologna replied with resolution and sent infantry and cavalry to occupy the castle. Monzuno became a commissariat at the end of the 15th century, under the rule of Giovanni II Bentivoglio . The district

406-537: The Lambertazzi ( Ghibellines ). However, during the crisis they showed their true political colors, lining up with nobles to the detriment of the middle class. The Bolognese on the other hand perfectly knew the political shadiness of the noble house and hence tried to appoint them with offices and posts ensuring to contain their power. In 1371, Bologna obtained the subjugation of Monzuno and of the Castle of Aligrano. However, as

435-506: The area in or around Bologna. Much free variation occurs in words from complex phonological processes. Bolognese has 25 consonant phonemes: Bolognese dialect has 2 diphthongs, namely /ai/ and /ʌu/. The general syllable structure of Bolognese syllables is: Thus, Bolognese words can have up to three consonants in the initial group (e.g. ṡżlèr , ṡgrinzlîr , ṡbléṡṡg , spzèr , strén , scrîver , sfrunblè , ftléṅna , ftièri , friulàn , ptrugnàn , pscarî , pznén ) and two consonants in

464-508: The articles un, una , does not exist. Instead, the partitive is used, consisting of the articulated forms of the preposition ed , or the adjective socuànt/socuànti ( alcuni/alcune ) “some”: In negative sentences, the partitive is used without the article (ed + noun), as in French. In Bolognese, the partitive is used more often than in Italian: If the conjugated verb starts with unstressed a,

493-462: The beginning of the 14th century. During the boom of interest in linguistic diversity during the 19th century, a number of efforts were made to create vocabularies, grammars, and collections of axioms, folk tales, and literature. The first dictionary was compiled in 1901 by Gaspare Ungarelli , who also attempted to create a writing system using the Italian alphabet . A period of stigmatisation followed in

522-405: The event became part of only four national events sponsored by UISP (Unione Italiana Sport per Tutti). Commemorating famous local butcher Massimo Zivieri, who died at the age of 37, this is a culinary event involving chefs from all over the country. Started in 2011, over 2,000 invitees between local and international chefs, and people from all over the country participate in what has become one of

551-637: The fathers of Bologna. In the fourteenth century in Monzuno the Vicariate of the Mountain was active in Monzuno. The community of monks that settled there scattered after 1632. The old Parish Church was destroyed by the events of the war. The hamlet of Montorio was the centre of a wide Church district long before Monzuno acquired its own administrative right. It was an institution of 42 parishes that were afterwards dismembered. In 1582 Cardinal Gabriele Paleotti established

580-530: The feminine form by adding -a to masculine, therefore they form plural similar to feminine nouns derived from masculine nouns. Adjective Order: 1. Some adjective (such as the one pertaining to orders) must go before the noun: 2. Other adjectives can go before or after the noun in Italian, while in Bolognese it is preferable to put them after: Exception for vèg = strano 3. Some adjectives are often placed before

609-463: The final group (e.g. gnanc , rimôrs , månnd , cunfinànt , pèrt ) (impermissible consonant combination will result in anaptyxis ). Bolognese only allows 2 diphthongs namely /ai/ and /ʌu/ (e.g. cåurs , intåurn , ataiṡ , raiga ). Orthographically, three consonants can exist simultaneously on coda ( dåntr , cåntr , nòstr , sänpr as syncopic forms of dånter , cånter , nòster , sänper ). However, it must be noted that it arises from -er only when

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638-684: The new Parish of Monzuno. Montorio belonged at first to the local Feudal Lords, then to the Counts Castelli of Bologna. The latter ones donated to the Military Order of S. Stefano di Toscana , in order to take part in it, the Palace of Montorio. The Grand Duke of Tuscany accepted and established the Priorate of Bologna, entrusting its administration to the Castellis. Afterwards the possessions were handed down to

667-453: The next word starts with a vowel and in actuality it's pronounced /-ŋ.(C)r(V)./ (1) Followed by a, o, u (2) Followed by i, e (3) End of a syllable (coda) or followed by consonant Bolognese distinguishes two genders, masculine and feminine, and two numbers, single and plural. In most nouns, the suffix -a is added to the masculine word to indicate femininity: defizänt, defizänta; påndg, påndga. The formation of Bolognese plurals

696-645: The noble families of the Da Monzuno, Da Montorio and Da Panico. Under the rule of Matilde of Canossa, the Castle was part of the court of Scanello and then ceded to the Church of Pisa . Later it acquired independence under the local lordship that had branched out perhaps from the Ubaldinis. The Da Monzunos won the Da Montorios and sought for help from the church circles, taking sides with the Geremeis (who were Guelphs ) against

725-544: The noun as in Italian because by putting them after the noun, a slight variation in meaning would be obtained: These adjectives placed before the noun actually very often have a figurative meaning. “Grand” more often expresses quality than size. Brótt does not necessarily express aesthetic ugliness but a generic pejorative “-accio” (“-âz” in Bolognese). Puvràtt does not express little wealth, but an unhappy condition. 4. To express dimensions (both large and small), in Bolognese, it

754-610: The partisan fraction of Stella Rossa (Red Star). Brento was a possession of the king and, as such, it was donated by the Lombard king Astulf to the Duke Orso and from the latter to the Abbey of Nonantola . Afterwards it was reintegrated into the possessions of the Bishop of Bologna . After the 11th century the decline of the place commenced. In 1293 the Bishop of Bologna donated the Church of Brento to

783-524: The verbal pronoun a(i) is dropped. For example mé arîv, nuèter arivän Formal pronouns are used to replace 2nd person pronoun to indicate politeness or courtesy. Formal pronouns in Bolognese include ló for masculine and lî for feminine. Note: ste and sta elides before words starting with vowels. For example: A quest'ora. Che ora è? = Da st’åura. Ch’åur’é? Orthographic rules Demonstrative pronouns or adjective are almost always followed by adverbs indicating degrees of distance: 1. ( qué ) near

812-575: The year's most renowned events in Monzuno. Savena The Savena ( Bolognese : Sèvna ) is a river in the Tuscany and Emilia-Romagna regions of Italy . The source of the river is in the province of Florence west of Firenzuola in the Appennino Tosco-Emiliano mountains . The river flows north into the province of Bologna and flows near Monghidoro , Loiano , Pianoro and San Lazzaro di Savena before curving east and flowing into

841-587: Was afterwards handed over in 1514 to the Manzoli family and then to the Dukes of Acquasparta. In 1810 the commune of Monzuno was established, to which also the hamlets of Trasasso, Brigola, Gugliara, Vado, Monterumici, Brigadello, Brento, Valle di Sambro, Gabbiano, Montorio and Rioveggio were incorporated. The most recent history marks a large insurgent movement after the fall of fascism, during World War II with Mario Musolesi , better known as Il lupo ("The wolf"), leader of

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