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59-775: The Montreal AAA Winged Wheelers were a Canadian football team and a member of the Interprovincial Rugby Football Union , a league that preceded the Canadian Football League . The team existed from 1872 to 1935. The Montreal AAA sponsored the Montreal Football Club , founded April 8, 1872. The Montreal Football Club joined the Quebec Rugby Football Union in 1883 and used the AAA grounds to play its games. The AAA Winged Wheelers started in

118-583: A day intended to celebrate Samuel de Champlain into a celebration of James Wolfe . At other times, and unlike future viceroys, the Governor General's influence expanded blatantly into government policy. Grey initially supported Asian immigration to Canada. He opposed the head tax imposed by the Chinese Immigration Act of 1885 on Chinese immigrants to Canada. He was invited to visit the province of British Columbia but declined as protest against

177-451: A game since. Neither crossover team won more than one playoff game. Since the implementation of the crossover rule, the closest an East team has come to earning a cross-over berth in the West playoffs was in 2001 when fourth place Toronto finished one point behind third place BC . This reflects Winnipeg Blue Bombers , Baltimore Football Club , and Shreveport Pirates results only while in

236-714: A member of the Liberal Party and, after relinquishing a tied vote to his opponent, eventually won a place in the British House of Commons in 1880. In 1894 Grey inherited an earldom from his uncle, the third Earl , and thereafter took his place in the House of Lords , while simultaneously undertaking business ventures around the British Empire as Director of the British South Africa Company from 1898, he experienced

295-603: A part of his broader desire for a reform movement. He supported Canadian football and established the Grey Cup , which is awarded to the winner of the Senior Amateur Football Championship of Canada; it is today presented to the champions of the professional-level Canadian Football League . In 1963 Grey was elected to the Canadian Football Hall of Fame for his contributions to the game. He gave to

354-503: A steep learning curve during high tension with the Boers. As administrator in Rhodesia he was directly responsible to Cecil Rhodes for conduct of the colony's business from 1894 to 1897. On his return in 1899 he was appointed Lord Lieutenant of his native Northumberland. Grey was appointed as Governor General of Canada by King Edward VII in 1904, on the recommendation of Prime Minister of

413-467: A string of liberal high society clubs in London. An active and articulate campaigner in late Victorian England, he was associated with many of the leading Imperialists seeking change. Albert Grey was born into a noble and political family, though at birth not in direct line to inherit the earldom. His father, General Charles Grey, was a younger brother of the 3rd Earl , who died without issue. As General Grey

472-573: A visit to Canada by Prince Fushimi Sadanaru of the Empire of Japan . Throughout his tenure as governor general, Grey supported the arts and, when he departed Canada in 1911, he left behind him the Grey Competition for Music and Drama, first held in 1907. Grey also donated trophies to the Montreal Horse Show and for figure skating. He was a patron of sport, his feelings on health and fitness

531-510: The 1886 general election . Eight years later, in October 1894, Grey succeeded his uncle, the 3rd Earl Grey , as the 4th Earl Grey and returned to Parliament when taking his seat in the House of Lords . As a friend of Cecil Rhodes , Lord Grey became one of the first four trustees responsible for the administration of the scholarship funds which established the Rhodes Scholarship and he

590-579: The Dominion of Newfoundland (then not yet a part of Canada) and several times to the United States to visit President Theodore Roosevelt , with whom Grey developed a strong bond. Grey often exercised his right, as representative of a constitutional monarch, to advise, encourage, and warn. He desired social reform and cohesion. He put his support behind prison reforms in Canada to provide greater social justice. He

649-709: The Reform Act 1832 and in 1846, Grey's uncle, the third Earl Grey , as Secretary of State for War and the Colonies during the first ministry of Lord John Russell , was the first to suggest that colonies should be self-sustaining and governed for the benefit of their inhabitants, instead of for the benefit of the United Kingdom. Grey was educated at Harrow School and then Trinity College, Cambridge , where he studied history and law. After graduating in 1873, Grey became private secretary to Sir Henry Bartle Frere and, as Frere

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708-817: The Sacramento Gold Miners as the first U.S. team a year earlier. This led to the addition of the two American -based teams in the East, the Shreveport Pirates and a team in Baltimore that would eventually be called the Stallions after the NFL successfully prevented the team from using the name "Colts". Baltimore would go on to win the East Division championship in 1994. For the 1995 season, all eight Canadian teams competed in

767-658: The Toronto Argonaut Football Club in 1873 and the Ottawa Football Club (the future Ottawa Rough Riders) in 1876. The first organized competitions were formed in 1883, when the Ontario Rugby Football Union (ORFU) and the Quebec Rugby Football Union (QRFU) were founded. At the time the sport was generally called rugby union or rugby football because its rules were similar to rugby union's, although this would change drastically in

826-678: The de facto professional championship for four years before then. The IRFU changed its name to the Eastern Football Conference in 1960. In 1961, the EFC agreed to a partial interlocking schedule with what was known by then as the Western Football Conference . Although the EFC was part of the CFL, its merger with the WFC was only a partial merger for the next two decades. During this time,

885-551: The royal sign-manual and signet , approved the recommendation of his British prime minister, Arthur Balfour , to appoint Grey as his representative to Canada, replacing Grey's brother-in-law, the Earl of Minto . (Minto was married to Grey's sister, Mary Caroline Grey.) The appointment came at a good time for Grey, as a series of failed investments in South Africa had left him penniless; a gift from his wife's aunt, Lady Wantage (widow of

944-578: The 1950s (in fact, these games were more widely available than their NFL counterparts). This interest eventually declined as the National Football League gained prominence and the American Football League rose in popularity. During this time, the IRFU became increasingly professionalized. However, in order to keep up the pretense of amateurism, players were usually paid under the table. By

1003-593: The 26 Grey Cups its clubs contested in that timespan (the IRFU suspended operations from 1942 through 1944 because of World War II ). During this period, the calibre of play in the IRFU was recognized as being on par with any league in North America. The Big Four attracted considerable interest in the United States and even had its games televised by the National Broadcasting Company for a time during

1062-567: The Blue Bombers moved back to the West Division again. Prior to 1954, Eastern clubs dominated the Grey Cup. For most of the modern era, however, the West has generally been on an equal footing and in recent decades has often dominated the East in the regular season. From 1954 to 2016, the East won 27 Grey Cups and lost 35. This is not counting the 1995 season. Two of the East's Grey Cup wins were by

1121-444: The Blue Bombers, who have played in the West for most of their history. Since 1955, three teams have competed in the East playoffs in most seasons. Only the top two teams qualified for the post-season in 1986 when an earlier form of the cross-over rule was in force, while four teams qualified in 1994 when there were six teams. In 1997, the present cross-over rule was implemented, allowing the fourth place team from one division to take

1180-619: The British PR Society. 4. Public House Trust [temperance refreshment houses], which is "a necessary adjunct to the first two items of his programme." On 28 March 1916, he was appointed by King George V as Chancellor of the Order of St. Michael and St. George . Grey died in August 1917 at his family residence. (On his deathbed, he penned a "stirring" letter to the editor of the London Times on

1239-652: The Crown a horse-drawn carriage he had purchased from the Governor-General of Australia , which is still today used as the state landau, and added a study and conservatory to Rideau Hall , the sovereign's and governor general's Ottawa residence; the latter was torn down in 1924. Grey and his wife were commended for their work in Canada and for their championing social reforms. Laurier said Lord Grey gave "his whole heart, his whole soul, and his whole life to Canada." On leaving office in 1911 Earl Grey and his family returned to

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1298-406: The East Division. Albert Grey, 4th Earl Grey Albert Henry George Grey, 4th Earl Grey , GCB , GCMG , GCVO , PC (28 November 1851 – 29 August 1917) was a British peer and politician who served as Governor General of Canada from 1904 to 1911, the ninth since Canadian Confederation . He was a radical Liberal aristocrat and a member of

1357-552: The IRFU in 1919. The team won the 1931 Grey Cup championship. Interprovincial Rugby Football Union The four teams in the division are the Toronto Argonauts , Hamilton Tiger-Cats , Montreal Alouettes , and Ottawa Redblacks . Several now-defunct teams have also played in the East Division including two teams from the United States and a large number of teams that have played in Hamilton, Montreal, and Ottawa prior to

1416-687: The Jameson Raid, the British government, then headed by the Marquess of Salisbury , in 1896 asked Lord Grey to serve as Jameson's immediate replacement, staying in that role until 1897. Two years later, Grey was also appointed as Lord Lieutenant of Northumberland and published a brief biography of a young relative, Hubert Hervey, who was killed in the Second Matabele War . On 4 October 1904 announcement made that King Edward VII had, by commission under

1475-710: The Lord Wantage ), was used to supplement his salary as governor general. On 16 June 1905 Grey was designated as "Governor General of Canada and Commander-in-Chief of the Dominion of Canada ," which followed on the passing of the Militia Act in 1904. At the request of Sir Robert Baden-Powell , Grey also undertook the role of Chief Scout of Canada. During the time Grey occupied the viceregal office (1904-1911) Canada experienced large-scale immigration, industrialisation, and economic development, and secured increased independence from

1534-498: The Manchester-based Women's Suffrage Journal declaring his support for women's suffrage, writing that "[t]here are no questions which receive so little attention, or which, in my opinion, so urgently call for the close and serious consideration of social reformers, as those affecting the condition of women. The possession of a vote by women who are heads of households will lead to the formation of associations and unions for

1593-654: The North Division, while the five American teams formed the South Division. Prior to the 1996 season however, all of the American clubs disbanded. The owner of one, the Grey Cup champion Stallions, moved his organization to Montreal as the third and current incarnation of the Alouettes. However, while the Alouettes are now officially reckoned as having suspended operations from 1987 to 1995, they do not acknowledge their past as

1652-554: The Quebec celebrations, and Grey believed the official ceremony would promote Franco-Anglo-American friendship. The government arranged for the attendance of the Prince of Wales (later King George V), American and French warships, and a host of visiting dignitaries. The Ligue saw the ceremony as solely a tribute to the Empire. Bourassa and other Quebec nationalists complained that Grey had transformed

1711-743: The Stallions. The pre-1987 divisional alignment was restored, only to see Winnipeg return to the East after one season when the Ottawa Rough Riders folded. The Blue Bombers returned to the West in 2002 after the Ottawa Renegades commenced play in the nation's capital. With the suspension of the Renegades in 2006, the Blue Bombers again were transferred to the East Division. With the East Division Ottawa Redblacks beginning play in 2014,

1770-620: The United Kingdom Arthur Balfour , to replace the Earl of Minto as viceroy and occupied that post until succeeded by Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn , in 1911. Grey travelled extensively in Canada and was active in Canadian political affairs, including national unity, leaving behind him a number of legacies, the most prominent being the Grey Cup . Grey was the younger and only surviving son of General Sir Charles Grey —a younger son of former British prime minister

1829-569: The United Kingdom, where he became president of the Royal Colonial Institute (now the Royal Commonwealth Society ). He did not retire from public affairs. He lobbied and organized toward several goals: 1. to help those who are endeavoring to fight the slums. 2. to help the worker forward in the path of his natural evolution from the status of worker to that of partner. 3. proportional representation – by "the removal of

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1888-598: The United Kingdom. It was with Grey's granting of Royal Assent to the appropriate Acts of Parliament that Alberta and Saskatchewan were separated from the North-West Territories to become provinces, The Governor General, writing to the King at the time, stated "[each one] a new leaf in Your Majesty's Maple Crown." As Governor General, he travelled extensively around the ever-growing country. He journeyed abroad to

1947-561: The West. Although it was another four years before the amateurs were formally locked out of Grey Cup play, this marks the start of the modern era of Canadian football. In 1956, the IRFU and WIFU agreed to form the Canadian Football Council . In 1958, the CFC withdrew from the CRU and renamed itself the Canadian Football League . The new league assumed control of the Grey Cup, though it had been

2006-545: The coming decades. The following year, the two provincial unions would form the Canadian Rugby Football Union (CRFU), with Montreal winning the first national championship later that year. The CRFU collapsed before the decade was out, but was re-organized as the Canadian Rugby Union (CRU) in 1891, with Osgoode Hall winning the first CRU championship the following year. The turn of the 20th century

2065-486: The conferences maintained considerable autonomy, much like Major League Baseball 's two leagues operated during the 20th century. For example, the East had a different playoff format until 1973 and a shorter schedule until 1974. During this time, attendances increased substantially for most clubs and television revenue gained prominence and importance. By the 1980s, however, rising player salaries had caused considerable financial losses for some teams. In an effort to bolster

2124-709: The current teams from those cities. Additionally, current West Division team, the Winnipeg Blue Bombers have, in the past, spent a number of seasons in the East over three separate stints. The first organized football club in Canada was the Hamilton Foot Ball Club , a predecessor of the Hamilton Tiger-Cats , in 1869. This was followed by the formation of the Montreal Foot Ball Club in 1872,

2183-432: The disparity between Parliamentary constituencies with 40,000 electors, on the one hand, and on the other, other constituencies with less than as many hundreds." (through creation of equal-sized single-member districts. Earl Grey was also a proponent of PR in the sense of elected representation reflecting how votes are cast. In 1916, he was honorary president of the Proportional Representation Society of Canada and president of

2242-424: The entire British Empire, his pronouncements frequently raised the ire of Bourassa and the Quebec nationalists. Grey helped plan the tercentennial of Quebec in 1908. This event marked the 300th anniversary of the landing of Samuel de Champlain at what later became Quebec City . The Cabinet agreed to Grey's suggestion to have the Plains of Abraham designated as a national park. this was to be done to coincide with

2301-481: The exclusionary measures implemented by the BC government under premier Richard McBride . However, following the Japanese victory in the Russo-Japanese War , he expressed concerned about the so-called Yellow Peril and worked with the federal Cabinet to explore restrictions on Asian immigration other than the head tax. He was nevertheless appalled by the 1907 anti-Asian riots in Vancouver , organized by BC's Asiatic Exclusion League . Later that same year, he arranged

2360-508: The first championship that year, taking home the James Dixon Trophy. In 1909 Lord Grey , the governor general of Canada , donated a trophy to be awarded to the CRU champion. The trophy, which became known as the Grey Cup , was not won by an IRFU club until the Hamilton Tigers captured the trophy in 1913. Following the 1915 season, the IRFU suspended competition because of World War I , and did not fully resume until 1920. From 1925 until 1953, IRFU teams dominated Canadian football, winning 18 of

2419-457: The former British garrisons at Halifax, Nova Scotia , and Esquimalt, British Columbia , after which the Royal Canadian Navy was created by the Naval Service Act . The Act was so identified with Grey that, in Quebec , it was referred to as Grey's Bill and opposed by Henri Bourassa and his Ligue nationaliste canadienne . Although Grey strongly promoted national unity among French and English Canadians, as well as advocating unity within

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2478-442: The league decided to add two extra divisional games per team, thus extending the schedule to 18 games per team starting in 1986. The East Division has undergone major changes since the dissolution of the EFC. Following the 1981 season the Montreal Alouettes folded. They were refounded in time for the 1982 season as the Montreal Concordes . The new owners restored the Alouettes name in 1986, but this franchise folded shortly before

2537-448: The league's stability, the CFL decided to proceed with a complete merger of the two regional conferences. In 1981, the CFL's two conferences agreed to a full merger and a full interlocking schedule. Although the EFC has carried on since that time as the CFL's East Division, full authority was now vested within the CFL. The decision to create a full interlocking schedule meant that the teams were playing fewer divisional games, consequently

2596-417: The meeting which established the IRFU in 1907. In 1907, in a meeting organized by Hewitt, the ORFU's Hamilton Tigers and Toronto Argonauts joined with the QRFU's Montreal Foot Ball Club and Ottawa Rough Riders (Ottawa had been moving back and forth between the two unions over the past few years) to form an elite competition, the Interprovincial Rugby Football Union (also known as the "Big Four"). Montreal won

2655-411: The mid-1950s, the IRFU had dropped all pretense of amateurism, and it was clear that it was a far higher calibre competition than the ORFU (the Quebec union had faded from the scene in the early part of the century), the only purely amateur union still competing for the Grey Cup. Moreover, the Western Interprovincial Football Union had been gaining strength over the last two decades, and its level of play

2714-507: The play-off place of the third place team in the other division, should the fourth place team earn a better record. From 1997 to 2016, the fourth place team in the West has taken advantage of the cross-over rule nine times, including four times when there were equal teams in the divisions. However, it was not until 2008 that a West team ( Edmonton ) advanced to the East Final, and only four other teams (the 2009 BC Lions , 2016 Eskimos , 2017 Saskatchewan Roughriders and 2019 Eskimos ) have won

2773-461: The protection and advancement of the interests of their sex." Another reform he supported was electoral reform, favoring proportional representation and Single transferable voting . H was active in the Proportional Representation Society of Britain. (At the time of his passing, he was its president). He organized a model STV election in Northumberland in 1885, remarkably using untrained coal miners as staff to conduct it successfully. Inspired by

2832-446: The same number of votes as his opponent Edward Ridley , but Grey declined a scrutiny and was not returned. It was not until the general election of 1880 that Grey, the Liberal Party candidate, was elected as a member of parliament (MP) for South Northumberland, a seat he held until it was replaced under the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 and he moved to be the MP for Tyneside , following that year's election . In 1884 he wrote to

2891-413: The second Earl Grey and later the private secretary to Prince Albert and later still to Queen Victoria —and his wife, Caroline Eliza Farquhar, eldest daughter of Sir Thomas Harvie Farquhar, Bt . He was born at Cadogan House, Middlesex. Many members of the family had enjoyed successful political careers based on reform, including to colonial policies; Grey's grandfather, while prime minister, championed

2950-414: The start of the 1987 regular season. Consequently, the Winnipeg Blue Bombers , the easternmost team in the West Division, were transferred to the East Division to keep the divisions equal in size. This led to the first "all-Western" Grey Cup in 1988 when the Blue Bombers won the East Division championship for the first time. In 1994, the CFL decided to expand further into the United States after admitting

3009-417: The theories of Giuseppe Mazzini , Grey became an advocate of imperialism and was one of the founders of the Imperial Federation League , which sought to transform the British Empire into an Imperial Federation . Grey thus split with Prime Minister William Gladstone in 1886 over Irish home rule and became a Liberal Unionist , but the shift was short-lived as Grey failed to win his constituency again in

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3068-415: Was a member of the Council of India , Grey accompanied Prince Albert Edward, Prince of Wales , on his tour of India . In 1877, Grey married Alice Holford , daughter of Robert Stayner Holford , the Member of Parliament for East Gloucestershire. Together, they had five children, one of whom died in early childhood. Grey stood for parliament at South Northumberland in 1878 (at the age of 28). He received

3127-402: Was almost on par with that of the IRFU. The WIFU's champion had faced the Big Four's champion in the Grey Cup final every season since 1945, and it proved capable of winning the Grey Cup on a regular basis during this decade. Following the 1954 season, the ORFU finally stopped challenging for the Grey Cup, thus making the game a contest between the champions of the IRFU in the East and the WIFU in

3186-441: Was also an advocate for electoral reform, endorsing proportional representation . His past calls for political equality for Irish Catholics were relevant to Canada's internal politics, divided as the population was between Catholics and Protestants, Francophones and Anglophones. As governor General, Grey also encouraged his prime minister, Sir Wilfrid Laurier , to support the Imperial Federation he had long championed, but Laurier

3245-505: Was deceased, the titles descended to his eldest living son Albert, then in his forties. Albert was educated at Harrow School before going up to Trinity College, Cambridge , where he graduated MA and LLM. "His grandfather was the 2nd Earl Grey , who was prime minister of the United Kingdom from 1830 to 1834 and, reputedly, the recipient of a diplomatic gift from China of black tea scented with bergamot oil, which became known as Earl Grey tea ." In 1878, Albert Grey entered into politics as

3304-408: Was invited by Rhodes to be a member of the board of directors and director of the British South Africa Company , coming to serve as the main liaison between Rhodes and the Secretary of State for the Colonies , Joseph Chamberlain , in the periods immediately before and after the Jameson Raid on the Transvaal . As the Administrator of Southern Rhodesia , Sir Leander Starr Jameson , was disgraced by

3363-488: Was marked by fundamental changes in the rules of the game. The ORFU was the first competition to adopt the Burnside Rules , which were to revolutionize the Canadian game. The QRFU and CRU initially resisted the changes, but by 1906 the Burnside Rules were in force throughout Ontario and Quebec . Although substantial changes (such as forward passing ) were still to come, modern Canadian football would ultimately evolve from John Thrift Meldrum Burnside's code. W. A. Hewitt

3422-406: Was uninterested. Grey suggested the construction of a railway hotel in the federal capital - the outcome was the palatial Château Laurier , completed in 1912. Grey's years of urging Laurier to get the Cabinet and Parliament to agree to the idea of a Canadian navy were more fruitful. At the Governor General's urging, the Canadian and British governments agreed to have Canada assume control of

3481-418: Was vice-president of the ORFU, and represented the Toronto Argonauts. He sought for ORFU to have uniform rules of play with the CRU, with a preference to use the snap-back system of play used in Ontario. In December 1906, The Gazette reported that a proposal originated from Ottawa for the ORFU and the QRFU to merge, which would allow for higher calibre of play and create rivalries. Hewitt helped organize

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