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36-546: Each year, in parallel with the budget project presented by the government, the MPC sets the bases of monetary policy. It sets the level of the NBP's interest rates, the rules and levels of bank's reserve obligations, sets an upper limit on obligations resulting from loans taken by the NBP in foreign banking and financial institutions. The MPC is made up of: Council Leader, who is the President of

72-613: A chancellery. He was an honorary chairman of numerous social and historical organisations, as well as an honorary citizen of almost thirty cities in Poland, including: Warsaw , Gdańsk , Gdynia , Kielce , Kraków , Opole , Zielona Góra and his hometown of Białystok . During his retirement, Kaczorowski did not hold any public positions, although it was reported that in November 1994 Prime Minister Waldemar Pawlak proposed to President Wałęsa to appoint Kaczorowski as Minister of Defence (as, under

108-451: A maximum of 60 days until elections are called. On 10 April 2010, a plane carrying Polish president Lech Kaczyński , his wife , and 94 others including many Polish officials crashed near Smolensk North Airport in Russia ; there were no survivors. Bronisław Komorowski took over acting presidential powers following the incident. On 8 July, Komorowski resigned from the office of Marshal of

144-423: A substantial pension and a private office. On 10 April 2010, Lech Kaczyński, president at the time, along with Ryszard Kaczorowski, the last president-in-exile although not internationally recognised, died in the crash of a Polish Air Force Tu-154 en route to Russia. Ryszard Kaczorowski Ryszard Kaczorowski , GCMG ( [ˈrɨʂart kat͡ʂɔˈrɔfskʲi] ; 26 November 1919 – 10 April 2010)

180-721: The Polish people's referendum . When the Sejm passed the Small Constitution of 1947 , based in part on the 1921 March Constitution, Bierut was elected president by that body. He served until the Constitution of the Polish People's Republic of 1952 eliminated the office of the president, replacing it with a collective leadership called the Council of State ( Polish : Rada Państwa ). Following

216-616: The President of Poland Lech Kaczyński and other senior government officials. Ryszard Kaczorowski was born on 26 November 1919, in a wooden house at 7 Mazowiecka Street in Piaski District of Białystok. The house stood at the intersection of Mazowiecka Street with the no longer existing Argentyńska Street, Białystok , Poland. His parents were Wacław Kaczorowski, of the Jelita Coat of Arms, and Jadwiga (née Sawicka). In 1920, when Białystok

252-619: The Third Polish Republic . Ryszard Kaczorowski's last home was in London . He had two daughters with wife Karolina, Jadwiga Kaczorowska, who has two children Zenek and Wanda Szulc, and Alicja Jankowska who has three children, Ryszard, Marcin and Krystyna Jankowska. He was frequently present in Poland and was treated according to the Polish law on former presidents of the state, granting him a presidential pension, Biuro Ochrony Rządu protection and

288-509: The United Kingdom for "his exceptional contribution to the community of Polish emigrees and their descendants living in the UK". Kaczorowski died on 10 April 2010 in a plane crash near Smolensk , Russia, along with the then-current President of Poland Lech Kaczyński and 94 others. He was the oldest victim of the crash. On 19 April 2010, Kaczorowski's coffin was taken to St John's Cathedral for

324-493: The president of the Republic of Poland ( Polish : Prezydent Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej ), is the head of state of the Republic of Poland . Their rights and obligations are determined in the Constitution of Poland . The president jointly partakes in the executive branch with the parliamentary Polish government . In addition, the president has a limited right to dissolve parliament, can veto legislation , represents Poland in

360-583: The 1957 Jamboree . Kaczorowski was also active in Polish political circles and a member of the National Council of Poland , a parliament-in-exile. In 1986, he was appointed the Minister for Home Affairs within the Polish government in exile . As the April Constitution of Poland of 1935 (the legal basis for the government) allowed the president to appoint his successor "in case the seat is emptied before

396-411: The 1989 amendments to the constitution which restored the presidency, general Wojciech Jaruzelski , the existing head of state, took office. In Poland's first direct presidential election , Lech Wałęsa won and was sworn in on 22 December 1990. The office of the president was preserved in the Constitution of Poland passed in 1997; the constitution now provides the requirements for, the duties of and

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432-645: The Białystok banner of the Szare Szeregi . In 1940, he was arrested by the NKVD and sentenced to death, which was later changed to ten years in a concentration camp in Kolyma . He remembered later: On the third of May we organized a bonfire in the cell. And since we were on death row, we could not be punished any more, so the guard who opened the window and shouted "quieter!" he hit a clay bowl we had on hand. The bowl splattered,

468-651: The NBP, and nine other members, selected in equal parts by the President of Poland , the Sejm and the Senate . Members of the MPC are chosen to serve for six-year terms. This article about government in Poland is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . President of Poland [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] The president of Poland ( Polish : Prezydent RP [ˈprɛ.zɘ.dɛnt ɛrˈpɛ] ), officially

504-460: The Office of the President and are used by the head of state as their official residence, private residence, residence for visiting foreign officials etc. The constitution states that the president is an elected office, there is no directly elected presidential line of succession. If the president is unable to execute their powers and duties, the marshal of the Sejm will have the powers of a president for

540-571: The Sejm after winning the presidential election. According to the constitution, the acting president then became the marshal of the Senate , Bogdan Borusewicz . In the afternoon Grzegorz Schetyna was elected as a new marshal of the Sejm and he became acting president. Schetyna served as the interim head of state until the swearing-in of Komorowski on 6 August. Within Poland, former presidents are entitled to lifetime personal security protection by State Protection Service officers, in addition to receiving

576-425: The accreditations of representatives of other states. The president also makes decisions on award of highest academic titles, as well as state distinctions and orders. In addition, they have the right of clemency, viz. they can dismiss final court verdicts (in practice, the president consults such decisions with the minister of justice ). The president is also the supreme commander of the armed forces ; they appoint

612-569: The aftermath of the German invasion of Poland . Mościcki and his government went into exile in Romania , where Mościcki was interned. In Angers , France , Władysław Raczkiewicz , at the time the speaker of the Senate, assumed the presidency after Mościcki's resignation on 29 September 1939. Following the fall of France , the president and the Polish government-in-exile were evacuated to London , United Kingdom . The transfer from Mościcki to Raczkiewicz

648-417: The authority of the office. The topic of creation the presidency role as a single-person position was meant to safeguard slow, gentle political change to keep the interests of the ruling party. By March 1989, a compromise regarding the creation of the institution of the presidency was reached between the government and the opposition. In return for a constitutionally defined presidency with various competences,

684-573: The battle from a small wooden house typical at Argentyńska Street. He completed his education at a school of commerce. He was also a Scouting instructor of a local branch of the Polish Scouting Association . Following the Invasion of Poland at the beginning of World War II, he secretly recreated the scouting movement – which was banned by the Soviet authorities – and became a head of

720-509: The chief of the general staff and the commanders of all of the service branches; in wartime, they nominate the commander-in-chief of the armed forces and can order a general mobilisation. The president performs their duties with the help of the following offices: the Chancellery of the President , the Office of National Security, and the Body of Advisors to the President. Several properties are owned by

756-419: The day of the first round of the election, and collect at least 100,000 signatures of registered voters. Article 126 paragraph 1 states that the president is the supreme representative of the state, rather than the people, a privilege reserved for the deputies of the Sejm and senators of the Senate. The constitution confirms for the president the role of securing the continuity of state authority. The position of

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792-639: The guard hid, and we sang so that I think the whole prison heard. Following the Sikorski-Mayski Agreement of 1941, he was set free and enlisted in Anders' Army . After its evacuation from the Soviet Union, Kaczorowski joined the 3rd Carpathian Rifle Division , where he completed divisional secondary school. He fought in most major battles of the Polish 2nd Corps , including the Battle of Monte Cassino . After

828-587: The international arena, and is ceremonially the commander-in-chief . The first president of Poland, Gabriel Narutowicz , was sworn in as president of the Second Polish Republic on 11 December 1922. He was elected by the National Assembly (the Sejm and the Senate ) under the terms of the 1921 March Constitution . Narutowicz was assassinated on 16 December 1922. Previously Józef Piłsudski had been "Chief of State" ( Naczelnik Państwa ) under

864-533: The peace is settled", acting president in exile Kazimierz Sabbat named Kaczorowski as his successor in January 1988. Sabbat died suddenly on 19 July 1989 and Kaczorowski automatically succeeded him. He handed over the insignia of the presidential power of the Second Republic to President Lech Wałęsa on 22 December 1990, signifying both a recognition of the legitimacy of the government in exile and its continuity with

900-607: The presence of at least half of the statutory number of members of the Sejm (230). Before signing a bill into law, the president can also ask the Constitutional Tribunal to verify its compliance with the Constitution, which in practice bears a decisive influence on the legislative process. In their role as supreme representative of the Polish state, the president has the power to ratify and revoke international agreements, nominates and recalls ambassadors, and formally accepts

936-403: The presidency has an arbiter function (while not directly mentioned, unlike France or Romania ), with the president playing a major role in the political system, assisted by a set of legal instruments with which they can exert influence on the organs of state authority and the political system. The president has a free choice in selecting the prime minister , yet in practice they usually give

972-467: The president. The Small constitution of October 17, 1992 created a parliamentarisation of the political system and while the presidency remained in the active model, it was deprived of far-reaching governing powers. In recent years, newly elected presidents have renounced formal ties with their political party before taking office. The president of Poland is elected directly by the people to serve for five years and can be reelected only once. Pursuant to

1008-546: The provisional Small Constitution of 1919 . In 1926 Piłsudski staged the " May Coup ", overthrew President Stanisław Wojciechowski and had the National Assembly elect a new one, Ignacy Mościcki , thus establishing the " Sanation regime". Before Piłsudski's death, parliament passed a more authoritarian 1935 April Constitution of Poland (not in accord with the amendment procedures of the 1921 March Constitution). Mościcki continued as president until he resigned in 1939 in

1044-412: The provisions of the Constitution, the president is elected by an absolute majority. If no candidate succeeds in passing this threshold, a second round of voting is held with the participation of the two candidates with the largest and second largest number of votes respectively. In order to be registered as a candidate in the presidential election, one must be a Polish citizen, be at least 35 years old on

1080-408: The ruling party agreed to relinquish its position as managing organ within the state. The presidency would be created along with the restoration of a freely elected upper house, the Senate. The president would be elected by a joint session of the lower house (Sejm) and the Senate. By this way, representatives of the opposition, sitting in the Senate, would be involved in the political process of electing

1116-423: The task of forming a new government to a politician supported by the political party with the majority of seats in the Sejm (usually, though not always, it is the leader of that political party). The president has the right to initiate the legislative process. They also have the opportunity to directly influence it by using their veto to stop a bill; however, a veto can be overruled by a three-fifths majority vote in

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1152-696: The then-constitution, the President appointed the Ministers of Defence, the Interior and Foreign Affairs, regardless of the Prime Minister's will). Although he was a self-described follower of Józef Piłsudski ( Piłsudczyk ), Kaczorowski chose to not get involved in any partisan or strictly political activity during his retirement. On 9 November 2004, Kaczorowski was appointed to the Order of St Michael and St George as an Honorary Knight Grand Cross by Queen Elizabeth II of

1188-655: The war, he remained in the United Kingdom as a political emigrant. Following demobilisation, he completed an academic course in foreign trade at the Polytechnic Regent Street (later the University of Westminster). Until 1986, he worked in business as an accountant. From 1955-67, he was the Chief Scout , and, subsequently, President of the émigré Polish Scouting Union ( ZHP ). As such, he led the Polish delegation for

1224-496: Was a Polish statesman. From 1989 to 1990, he served as the last President of Poland - in-exile . He succeeded Kazimierz Sabbat , and resigned his post following Poland's regaining independence from the Soviet sphere of influence and the election of Lech Wałęsa as the first democratically elected President of Poland since before the Second World War . He died on 10 April 2010 in the plane crash near Smolensk , Russia, along with

1260-469: Was in accordance with Article 24 of the 1935 April Constitution. Raczkiewicz was followed by a succession of presidents in exile, of whom the last one was Ryszard Kaczorowski . In 1945–54, Poland became a part of Soviet -controlled central-eastern Europe . Bolesław Bierut assumed the reins of government and in July 1945 was internationally recognised as the head of state. The Senate was abolished in 1946 by

1296-659: Was overrun by Soviet forces during the Polish-Soviet War , it briefly served as headquarters of the Polish Revolutionary Committee headed by Julian Marchlewski , which attempted to declare the Polish Soviet Socialist Republic . The city again changed hands after the Battle of Białystok , when the city was liberated by the 1st Legions Infantry Division and 5th Legions' Infantry Regiment . The family witnessed certain dramatic results of

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