82-576: Molonglo Valley is a district in the Australian Capital Territory in Australia . The district is subdivided into divisions ( suburbs ), sections and blocks and is the newest district of the ACT. The district is planned to consist of thirteen suburbs, planned to contain 33,000 dwellings, with an expected population of between 50,000 and 73,000. To be developed in three stages over more than ten years,
164-470: A postal vote . Votes may apply for postal votes in perpetuity. Absentee voting is also available, but not proxy voting . At the 2007 federal election there were 7,723 polling places open for voting. In remote areas, hospitals and retirement villages, mobile polling places have been used since the 1980s. The visually impaired can use electronic voting machines . Voting is almost entirely conducted by paper ballot. If more than one election takes place at
246-451: A 'whole of state' electorate using preferential proportional representation. Elections in Australia (Commonwealth, State or Territory) are organised by their respective electoral commissions, as follows: The Australian Electoral Commission (AEC) is the federal government agency responsible for organising, conducting and supervising federal elections, by-elections and referendums . The AEC
328-550: A 4 year term from single member electorates using fully preferential voting . The Parliament of Western Australia consists of the Legislative Assembly and the Legislative Council. The Legislative Assembly has 57 members elected for a four-year term, unless dissolved earlier, from single member electorates using fully preferential voting. The Legislative Council has 37 members elected for a fixed term of 4 years, in
410-561: A candidate is decided by the party in any manner they choose. It can range from a postal vote to the whole party membership through to a decision made by a small select committee. Election campaigns typically involve a televised policy launch, which, despite the name, have increasingly been held towards the end of the campaign. In the 2013 federal election campaign, for example, the Liberal/National and Labor launches were held only 13 days and 6 days respectively prior to election day. From
492-577: A land administration county. However, there have been some land administration counties which did have county councils: Cumberland (1945–63), Northumberland (1948–63) and Rous (1940-pres., with trading name of Rous Water There were only five counties in the Northern Territory, which were divided into hundreds. Darwin is located in the Hundred of Bagot in the Palmerston County : usually only
574-519: A large conservation area centered on Central Molonglo. This area could become one of the key areas of woodland conservation in Australia, and balance the loss of biodiversity that will eventuate from urban expansion in the rest of Molonglo." In July 2008 the ABC reported NCA against central Molonglo development stating that the National Capital Authority (NCA) had ruled out urban development in
656-570: A larger population than all the other counties in South Australia combined. Another reason is that many of the counties' borders follow rivers, having been proclaimed before settlements developed, which means that towns which typically grow up on rivers often find themselves in more than one county. Wangaratta , for instance, is located at the junction of the Ovens and King rivers, and is thus in three counties; Moira , Delatite and Bogong . Some of
738-819: A minimum number of members. For example, New South Wales requires at least 750 members while the ACT and the Northern Territory require 100 members. There are deadlines for registration of a political party. Australia has a de facto two-party system , with the Australian Labor Party and the Coalition of the Liberal Party of Australia , National Party of Australia , the Liberal National Party and Country Liberal Party dominating Parliamentary elections. It
820-432: A system of preferential voting (also called alternative voting or instant-runoff voting ). The Senate has 76 senators, elected through a preferential system of proportional representation with a system of single transferable vote , with each state constituting a single constituency normally returning 6 senators every three years and each territory constituting a single constituency returning two senators. Electors in
902-724: A town and then divided into sections and these subdivided into crown allotments. However, many parishes do not follow county borders, some being located in more than one county. The county with the largest population is the County of Bourke , which contains Melbourne . Legal documents can describe the county, parish, township (if there is one), section, crown allotment number, and certified plan number. For example: " County of Dalhousie , Parish of Lauriston, being 2 hectares, being Crown Allotment 2, Section 40" or "Parish of Ballarat, County of Grant .. Crown Allotment 29, Section 101, Township of Ballarat East.. as shown on Certified Plan No. 105127" At
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#1732851157320984-662: Is Denman Prospect , named after Lord and Lady Denman, to be followed by Molonglo , a local Aboriginal word for thunder. Sulman , is named for architect and town planner Sir John Sulman , whose work can be seen in Civic . Coombs is located on the southern bank of the Molonglo River, north-east of John Gorton Drive (the Molonglo Valley North-South Arterial road). Wright lies further west, north of Duffy , and south-west of John Gorton Drive. Land for these suburbs
1066-491: Is 7 days after the writ of election is issued. Each jurisdiction has its own laws and customs as to when elections in the jurisdiction will take place. However, state and territory elections cannot, by federal law, take place within a week before or after a federal election. Since 1912, federal elections have been held on Saturdays. Although elections for the House of Representatives have usually corresponded to half-elections of
1148-428: Is a bicameral legislature. The House of Assembly (lower house) comprises 47 members elected by preferential voting every 4 years from single member electorates. The Legislative Council (upper house) comprises 22 members elected by proportional representation of single transferable vote every 8 years. The Parliament of Queensland is unicameral, consisting of the Legislative Assembly of 93 members now elected for
1230-516: Is also responsible for setting electoral boundaries and redistributions , and maintains the Commonwealth electoral roll . State and Territory Electoral Commissions perform an equivalent role for State and Territory elections. The Australian electoral roll is also used by the state and territory Electoral Commissions to conduct State, Territory and local government elections, except Western Australia which maintains its own electoral roll. Enrolment on
1312-527: Is compulsory for Australian citizens over the age of 18. The Australian Parliament consists of two chambers , the House of Representatives (commonly also referred as the lower house ) and the Senate (also referred as the upper house ). The House of Representatives has 151 members, elected for a maximum term of three years in single-member constituencies (each approximately equal in voters). Elections are conducted by
1394-453: Is described with the Section number, hundred and county, for example "Section 53, Hundred of Borda , County of Carnarvon ", or the allotment number within government towns. Sometimes a combination is used, such as "allotment 1 (DP 25326), Hundred of Munno Para ". Often only the hundred name is used, not the county, as each hundred has a unique name making the county name redundant. Tasmania
1476-409: Is divided into 20 land districts, subdivided into 480 parishes. These include the former 18 counties, which were renamed land districts and retained the same borders. In addition Flinders Island and King Island are now also districts. In the nineteenth and early twentieth century Tasmania had 18 counties. The original counties were divided into hundreds (containing four parishes) but this distinction
1558-623: Is now a practice for the Senate to be prorogued when the House is dissolved, so that it does not sit during the election period. By Westminster convention, the decision as to the type of election and date on which an election is to take place is that of the Prime Minister, who 'advises' the Governor-General to set the process in motion by dissolving the House of Representatives (if it has not expired) and then issuing writs for election. Writs for
1640-759: Is possible for a candidate to receive more public funding than what was spent on campaigning as was the case in Pauline Hanson 's 2004 attempt to win a seat in the Australian Senate. In Queensland, the threshold for public funding is 6% of the primary vote. The threshold in Victoria, Western Australia and the Australian Capital Territory is 4%. South Australia, Tasmania and the Northern Territory do not have public funding for parties and candidates at elections. A series of conventions has evolved covering
1722-480: Is sworn into office. A two-party system has existed in the Australian House of Representatives since the two non-Labor parties merged in 1909. The 1910 election was the first to elect a majority government , with the Australian Labor Party concurrently winning the first Senate majority. Prior to 1909 a three-party system existed in the chamber. A two-party-preferred vote (2PP) has been calculated since
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#17328511573201804-415: Is the preferred medium for campaign news in Australia. At the 2004 federal election more than three-quarters of money spent on advertising was television based. Incumbent candidates and government have significant benefits compared to non-incumbents. These include substantial allowances and access to staff whose travel is covered by parliamentary allowances. The Australian Election Study coordinated by
1886-519: Is very difficult for other parties to win representation in the House, let alone form the government, though they may have a strong influence if they hold the "balance of power". However, minor parties and independent candidates have been elected to the Senate by virtue of its more favourable voting system. In recent decades, several parties besides the ALP and the Coalition have secured significant representation in
1968-578: The Australian National University was introduced in 1987. The series of surveys are conducted post election and provide a unique take on political behaviour during election campaigns. Australia's first partial public election funding was introduced in 1981 by the then Premier of New South Wales Neville Wran . The Commonwealth Electoral Legislation Amendment Act 1983 brought forward by the Hawke government introduced public election funding and
2050-637: The County of Yancowinna . Similar award examples exist in the other states and territories that have been subdivided into counties. The County of Yancowinna is also the only part of New South Wales which is in a different time zone to the rest of the state, as mentioned in the Australian Standard Time Act of 1987. Counties are also used on paperwork for mortgage securities in banks. Parishes and counties are also mentioned in definitions of electoral districts. Counties have since gone out of use in Australia, and are rarely used or even known by most of
2132-644: The County of Yungnulgra in New South Wales, and County of Croajingolong in Victoria. The use of counties, hundreds and parishes was popular in Australia in the 19th century, with many maps of Australian colonies showing these divisions, and towns and cities often listed in their county. Legal cases referenced counties, and many genealogical records for Australia in the 19th century list the county and parish for location of birth, deaths and marriages. The 1911 Britannica also describes Australian towns and cities as being in their respective county, including most of
2214-757: The Districts Act 1966. This Act was subsequently repealed by the ACT Government and the district is now administered subject to the Districts Act 2002. The land was used for pine forests prior to the devastation caused by the 2003 Canberra bushfires ; leaving the land empty and ready for potential development. To accommodate future expected population growth and housing demand, The Canberra Spatial Plan , already in development at that time and formally released during 2004, proposed increased urban density along established (road) transport corridors. Further land releases were proposed, including continuing development in
2296-470: The National Library of Australia is located in Section 27, Blocks 4, 5 and 8, Division of Parkes, District of Canberra Central. There are 141 counties and 7,459 parishes within New South Wales. The County of Cumberland , in which Sydney is located, has the largest population. The original Nineteen Counties were the limits of settlement in the early part of the 19th century. Legal documents describe
2378-586: The United States . Australia instead uses local government areas , including shires , districts , city councils , and municipalities according to the state, as the second-level subdivision. Some other states were also divided into land divisions and land districts; in the nineteenth century, land districts sometimes served as the region name for parts of the state where counties had not been proclaimed yet. Below these are groups of land parcels known as deposited plans, registered plans or title plans (depending on
2460-569: The electoral system of each state and territory . An election day is always a Saturday, but early voting is allowed in the lead-up to it. Part IV of Chapter 1 of the Australian Constitution briefly deals with eligibility for voting and election to the federal Australian Parliament. It does not prescribe how elections should be conducted. Election campaigns and associated political advertisements are subject to some regulation. Public funding of political parties and party registration
2542-501: The 1980s onwards direct mailing was seen as a successful way to market, particularly in marginal seats. Major political parties in Australia use databases created from census data , voting records and their own canvassing to shape their direct mail. Quantitative surveys of samples from the wide population as well as focus groups are used by the parties for market research during election campaigns. The Commonwealth Electoral Act 1918 stipulates that political advertisements display
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2624-499: The 19th century there were 109 counties, which were later divided into 319 in 1901. The counties which contain the largest population are those on the east coast with the County of Stanley containing Brisbane ; the County of Ward containing the Gold Coast and the County of Canning containing Caboolture . Several of these were counties in New South Wales before Queensland became a separate colony in 1859. Legal documents used to list
2706-459: The 19th century, although the Tasmanian counties were renamed land districts in the 20th century. Parts of South Australia (south-east) and Western Australia (south-west) were similarly divided into counties, and there were also five counties in a small part of the Northern Territory . However South Australia has subdivisions of hundreds instead of parishes, along with the Northern Territory, which
2788-706: The ACT. Murray lies east of the Murrumbidgee River , with Cowley to the west of the river. Parishes and counties are not currently used in ACT titles. Instead, the Districts Act 1966 divided the ACT into 18 districts: Canberra Central , Woden Valley , Belconnen , Jerrabomberra , Majura , Tuggeranong , Weston Creek , Gungahlin , Stromlo , Kowen , Hall , Coree , Paddys River , Cotter River , Tennent , Rendezvous Creek , Booth and Mount Clear . The parts of these located in Canberra itself are divided into divisions (i.e. suburbs ), sections and blocks. For example,
2870-517: The Aboriginal names suggested at the time were rejected. At various times 3 other Hundred names were proposed but never adopted. All 561 (535+5+10+8+3) current, obsolete or proposed Hundred names are listed in South Australia's official online gazetteer Placenames Online . The city of Adelaide is located in the Hundred of Adelaide in the County of Adelaide . The County of Adelaide held at least 60% of South Australia's population between 1855 and 1921;
2952-611: The District of Molonglo Valley is within the Murrumbidgee electorate . The Molonglo Valley district is located to the north of the district of Weston Creek and to the south of the district of Belconnen . It is within relatively close proximity of the city; approximately 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) west of the Canberra central business district . By releasing land closer to the city, it is expected to reduce urban sprawl in Canberra. However,
3034-639: The Environment Protection Biodiversity Conservation Act and others are listed in the Nature Conservation Act of the ACT," he said. "Given that we know that there's ecological issues and it's highly constrained ecological area it seems nonsensical to include as urban at this time." The district was formally gazetted on 14 October 2010. In February 2024, the ACT Government proposed to the Commonwealth to reclassify
3116-455: The House is again dissolved sufficiently early or a double dissolution occurs. The Australian Constitution requires that in half-Senate elections the election of State senators must take place within one year before the places become vacant. As the terms of half the senators end on 30 June, the writs for a half-Senate election cannot be issued earlier than the previous 1 July. There is no constitutional requirement for simultaneous elections for
3198-732: The Lot number, Deposited Plan number, Parish and County. For example, the Sydney Opera House is described as being in Lot 5 in Deposited Plan 775888 at Bennelong Point , Parish of St. James , County of Cumberland , city of Sydney Note that the land administration counties are not the same as the county councils that have been used to administer water and electricity, such as the Goldenfields Water County Council. or Central Tablelands County Council which do not correspond with
3280-531: The Lot number, Registered Plan number, County and Parish. For instance, government land near the Brisbane Cricket Ground was described as "Lot 2 on Registered Plan B31553, County of Stanley , Parish of South Brisbane". However, since the digitisation and renumbering of the cadastre of Queensland, parishes are no longer used on title documents. While they have never officially been abolished, they are no longer used except in historical contexts. In 2006,
3362-572: The Molonglo group centre as Canberra's sixth town centre. For the purposes of Australian federal elections for the House of Representatives , the District of Molonglo Valley is mostly within the Division of Bean , with the small portion east of Tuggeranong Parkway within the Division of Canberra . For the purposes of Australian Capital Territory elections for the ACT Legislative Assembly ,
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3444-648: The Queensland Department of Natural Resources, Mines and Water was considering abolishing Counties and Parishes and using only Lot and Plan numbers to identify parcels of land. There are 49 counties in South Australia, mostly in the south-east part of the state. All except 3 of the counties are subdivided into a total of 535 Hundreds . 5 further Hundreds proclaimed between 1853 and 1860 were annulled in 1870. Additionally, 10 Hundreds with names of German origin were renamed after Allied commanders or battles in 1918, 8 of these 10 had been slated for renaming in 1916, but
3526-428: The Senate and the House of Representatives, and elections for half the Senate only have taken place in the past. There is a government and electorate preference for Senate elections to take place simultaneously with those of the House of Representatives. Except in the case of a double dissolution, the Senate is not dissolved when elections for the Senate are called and can continue to sit until the term expires. However, it
3608-803: The Senate, notably the DLP (1955–1974); the Australian Democrats (1977–2007); and the Australian Greens and its predecessors (1990–present). Independent and other individual senators have also exercised influence, e.g., Brian Harradine (1975–2005), Family First 's Steve Fielding (2005–2011), and Nick Xenophon (2008–2017); and, variously from 1984, representatives of the Nuclear Disarmament Party and One Nation . Many voters use elections to reaffirm their party allegiance . Party affiliation has declined in recent decades. Voters who voted for
3690-501: The Senate, the rules which determine when the elections occur differ. Under the Constitution, the House of Representatives lasts no more than three years after it first meets, but may be dissolved earlier. After the House is dissolved or expires, writs for election must be issued within 10 days and the election must be held on a Saturday between 33 and 58 days after the writs have been issued. The next House must meet within 140 days of
3772-467: The capital cities: Melbourne , County of Bourke ; Sydney , County of Cumberland ; Brisbane , County of Stanley ; Adelaide , County of Adelaide ; and Hobart , County of Buckingham . However it is not mentioned that Perth was located in the County of Perth , as even by this time county names were infrequently used in Western Australia, where they did not cover all of the settled areas, unlike
3854-654: The central Molonglo area. In speaking to the Standing Committee on Planning and Environment NCA spokesman Todd Rohl said the NCA board was against any future urban development in central Molonglo as well as an area east of the Orana School. Mr Rohl said the NCA had informed the ACT Planning and Land Agency of its decision which was based on environmental reports. "[There are] at least seven species of concern. A couple are listed in
3936-470: The close proximity to the city will mean that the land will be in high demand and is therefore likely to be quite expensive.. The first two suburbs in Molonglo Valley were Wright and Coombs ; they are named for poet, environmentalist and Aboriginal land rights advocate Judith Wright and prominent public servant and economist H. C. "Nugget" Coombs , the first Reserve Bank Governor . Near completion
4018-528: The conduct of the business of government by ministers, their departments of state, and the Public Service during the "caretaker period" of the election. This period begins after the announcement of the election date, when the Governor-General of Australia dissolves the federal parliament on advice from the Prime Minister. It ends after the election result is known and clear, when a newly elected government
4100-677: The county name, such as Argyle County, while the County of Cadell (roughly in the Murray Shire area) is still the name for a vineyard and motor lodge in the same area. The land which became the Australian Capital Territory was made from land in the New South Wales counties of Murray and Cowley . This includes four former parishes of Canberra , Yarrolumla , Narrabundah and Gigerline in Murray and 15 former parishes in Cowley, while land in parts of other parishes of these counties also became part of
4182-496: The county names live on by being the same name of present-day local government areas, general region names, towns or establishments in the area. For instance, the current Shire of Plantagenet and Shire of Victoria Plains in Western Australia are in the similar area to the County of Plantagenet and County of Victoria , respectively. The modern city of Devonport in Tasmania is located in the County of Devon . Some regions do promote
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#17328511573204264-647: The district are the indigenous people of the Ngunnawal tribe . Following the transfer of land from the Government of New South Wales to the Commonwealth Government in 1911, the eighteen original districts were established in 1966 by the Commonwealth via the gazettal of the Districts Ordinance 1966 (Cth) which, after the enactment of the Australian Capital Territory (Self-Government) Act 1988, became
4346-702: The district of Gungahlin by maintaining the 1967 "Y-Plan"; and the development of new releases in the Molonglo Valley, previously set aside as green corridors. In June 2008 the Conservation Council ACT Region presented a report to the ACT Legislative Assembly Proposed Molonglo Urban Developments and their Significant Impact on Endangered Woodlands . Among other things it said: "For the Molonglo development to approach biological sustainability it should involve less clearance of Box - Gum woodland and creation of
4428-494: The district will contain a principal town centre and a secondary group centre , with residential suburbs located to the south and north of the Molonglo River ; located to the west of Lake Burley Griffin . The name Molonglo is derived from an Aboriginal expression meaning "the sound of thunder". At the 2021 census , the population of the district was 11,435, an increase from 4,578 in 2016. The traditional custodians of
4510-766: The earliest British settlement in Australia, with the County of Cumberland proclaimed by Captain Phillip on 4 June 1788. In 1804 Governor King divided Van Diemen's Land into two counties; Buckingham in the south and Cornwall in the north. The parishes date to the surveys conducted after 1825, with the instructions given to Governor Brisbane on 23 Jun 1825 to divide the colony into counties, hundreds and parishes. At this time there were five counties already proclaimed in New South Wales: Cumberland , Westmoreland , Camden , Argyle and Northumberland . The Nineteen Counties in south-eastern New South Wales were
4592-477: The election of House of Representatives and territory senators are issued by the Governor-General , while writs for the election of state senators are issued by the respective state governors. Voting in federal, state and territory elections is compulsory for all persons on the electoral roll. Voting can take place by a person attending in person at any polling place in their State on the election day or in early voting locations, or by applying for and mailing in
4674-607: The electoral commission in the jurisdiction in which it is proposing to field or endorse candidates. To be eligible for federal registration a party must have at least one member in the Australian Parliament or 1,500 members, and independent candidates are required to provide 50 signatures to be eligible to stand. An unsuccessful challenge to the 500 member requirement was heard by the High Court of Australia in 2004. Other Australian jurisdictions require political parties to have
4756-432: The electoral roll , known in some other countries as registration , is compulsory for all Australian citizens aged 18 years and over. Residents in Australia who had been enrolled as British subjects on 25 January 1984 continue to be enrolled and vote. (Almost 163,000 voters were recorded as British subjects on the electoral roll in 2009. ) As of 2024, the deadline to enroll or update enrolment information such as address
4838-454: The figure rose to 70.6% in 1966. All of the existing counties had been proclaimed by 1900, except for Le Hunte (proclaimed 1908), Bosanquet (proclaimed 1913), and Hore-Ruthven (proclaimed 1933). Parcels of land in most residential areas are identified with the Deposited Plan or Filed Plan number with an allotment number, for example: "Allotment 20 in Deposited Plan (DP) 11270". In many rural areas and historically in residential areas, land
4920-632: The hundred name, not the county, is mentioned. This is divided into sections. An example of the way locations are described for Darwin is Darwin International Airport listed as being in "Section 3381, Hundred of Bagot from plan LT089/067A" In Alice Springs , where there are no hundreds or counties, legal documents give the lot number, town and plan number, for example "Lot 8721 Town of Alice Springs, plan(s) LTO96/016" There are currently 322 counties in Queensland, subdivided into 5,319 parishes. In
5002-567: The legislature of the Commonwealth of Australia , as well as for each Australian state and territory and for local government councils. Elections in all jurisdictions follow similar principles, although there are minor variations between them. The elections for the Australian Parliament are held under the federal electoral system , which is uniform throughout the country, and the elections for state and territory Parliaments are held under
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#17328511573205084-456: The limits of location of the colony in a period after 1829, with the area outside them originally divided into districts, and later also into counties and parishes. Counties were established soon after the foundation of other Australian colonies. Many of the counties have English names, often the names of counties in England, such as Devon , Dorset , Cornwall and Kent Counties in Tasmania. Less frequently, some have Aboriginal names such as
5166-513: The line" voting. How-to-vote cards are usually handed out at polling places by party volunteers. They suggest how a party supporter might vote for other candidates or parties. Electors now routinely receive how-to-vote materials through the mail or by other means. In practice, privacy arrangements allow informal and protest votes to take place. At the 2010 federal election more than 1.5 million people did not vote or voted incorrectly. Academic Brian Costar from Swinburne University claims
5248-407: The majority of the major parties funding is still sourced from private donors. If a candidate or party receives at least 4% of the primary vote at a federal election they are eligible for public funding. The amount of funding paid is calculated by multiplying the number of first preference votes received by the rate of payment at that time, which is indexed in line with the Consumer Price Index . It
5330-446: The name and address of the individual authorising them. The Broadcasting Services Act 1922 bans the broadcast of advertisements in the three days prior to an election. A ban on broadcast election advertising was imposed under the Political Broadcasts and Political Disclosures Act 1991 but was overturned by the High Court of Australia in 1992. Party registration rules have become stricter, especially in New South Wales. Television
5412-415: The other states. Instead the system of land divisions and land districts was used, with most of Perth located in the land districts of Swan , Canning and Cockburn Sound , all in the South West Land Division of Western Australia. Counties and parishes are also still referenced in property law , and in industrial relations instruments , for example in a New South Wales award, which excludes people from
5494-483: The other units. Detailed maps of these divisions have been required since the introduction of the Torrens title system of a central register of land holdings in South Australia in 1858, which spread to the other colonies. While cadastral data since the 1980s has been digitalised, there remain many old maps showing these divisions held in collections of Australian libraries such as the National Library of Australia , as well as in state libraries. Counties were used since
5576-449: The population today. Part of the reason is that counties are based on the size of land, rather than population, so in a large country where most of the population live in cities on the coast while the countryside has a very low population density , they have little relevance. The counties which contain the capital cities have millions of people, while those in remote areas have a very small population. The County of Adelaide, for instance, has
5658-412: The process in which specific decisions on policy are made. Control of policy and platforms are wholly determined within the party. Candidate selection , in Australia typically called preselection, is a significant factor in the democratic process in Australia because the majority of voters base their decision at election time on the party rather than the candidate. In Australia the decision of who may be
5740-522: The rate of donkey votes in Australia is around 2% of all votes, but the figure is hard to determine accurately. Most polling places are schools, community halls or churches. Supporters of these places very commonly take advantage of the large number of visitors undertaking fund raising activity, often including raffles, cake stalls and sales of so-called democracy sausages . Political parties have certain benefits in Australia's electoral system, including public funding. Political parties must register with
5822-446: The requirement that all minor donations to parties be disclosed. Amendments to legislation were needed due to the changing nature of election campaigns in the late 1960s and 1970s. Opinion polling, widespread advertising and the rise of the hired campaign professionals meant campaigning had become far more expensive than in previous decades. Public funding is the preferred means to cover costs rather than corporate donations. However,
5904-477: The same party each election made up 72% of the electorate in 1967. This figure had declined to 45% by 2007. Minor parties have played a greater role in the politics of Australia since proportional representation was progressively introduced. Elections in Australia are seen by parties as a chance to develop and refine policies. Rather than a procedure where the best policies win the day, elections are contests where parties fight for power . Elections are not part of
5986-457: The same time (for example, for the House of Representatives and the Senate), separate ballot papers are used, green for House and white for Senate. These are usually of different colours and are deposited into separate boxes. Upper house polls used to require every square to be numbered, a burden if there are over 200 squares. This has been simplified by the introduction of "Above the line" and "below
6068-688: The start of the 20th century, Western Australia had six land divisions which cover the whole state, divided into 80 land districts. The land districts were further subdivided into locations and lots. Western Australia also had 26 counties, all located in the south-west corner of the state, around Perth . The counties were designated in 1829, the year of the foundation of the Swan River Colony , with Governor Stirling instructing that counties were to be approximately 40 miles square (1,600 square miles). The counties appear on some nineteenth century maps of Australia along with counties in other states, however it
6150-697: The state). Queensland has registered plans; New South Wales and Western Australia have deposited plans; while Victoria has certified plans. Land can be identified using the number of this plan of subdivision held with the lands department, rather than with a named unit such as a parish (or both can be used); it has become more common to use only the plan number. Within these are individual land parcels such as lots; in total there are estimated to be about 10.2 million of these in Australia. The various cadastral units appear on certificates of title, which are given volume and folio numbers; these numbers by themselves are sometimes used to identify land parcels, or in combination with
6232-409: The two territories elect senators for non-fixed terms that are defined by the term of the House of Representatives. State senators normally serve fixed six-year terms, with half of the seats in each State expiring every three years. In the event of a double dissolution , the terms of all the members of the Senate and the House of Representatives seats end immediately. The Parliament of South Australia
6314-450: The writs being issued. The terms of senators representing the states are of fixed duration (unless Parliament is dissolved in a double dissolution ), and elections must occur within a year before the term expires. The terms of senators representing the territories are not fixed, and are tied to the dates of elections for the House of Representatives. Where a House is dissolved early, House and Senate elections may be asynchronous until either
6396-402: Was introduced in 1983. Voting for the federal and each state and territory parliament is compulsory for Australian citizens over the age of 18. Voting is almost entirely conducted using paper ballots. The informal vote is not usually significant, but a donkey vote is more common, and may have a deciding impact in marginal seats. Voting for the federal and each state and territory parliament
6478-471: Was part of South Australia when the hundreds were proclaimed. There were also formerly hundreds in Tasmania. There have been at least 600 counties, 544 hundreds and at least 15,692 parishes in Australia, but there are none of these units for most of the sparsely inhabited central and western parts of the country. Counties in Australia have little administrative and no political function, unlike those in England or
6560-684: Was released in late May 2010. It is also expected that the development of the Molonglo Valley district will act as a link between the town centres of Weston Creek to the south and Belconnen to the north.. Lands administrative divisions of Australia#Australian Capital Territory Lands administrative divisions of Australia are the cadastral divisions of Australia for the purposes of identification of land to ensure security of land ownership. Most states term these divisions as counties , parishes , hundreds , and other terms. The eastern states of Queensland , New South Wales , Victoria , and Tasmania were divided into counties and parishes in
6642-517: Was seldom observed . Legal documents list Lot numbers, Plan numbers, Parishes and Land Districts. For example, "Lot No. 2 on Plan No. P.14486, Parish of Sorell, Land District of Pembroke " The cadastral divisions of Victoria are called counties and parishes. Victoria is divided into 37 counties, roughly 40 mi × 40 mi (64 km × 64 km) in size, subdivided into 2,914 parishes. Parishes were subdivided into sections of various sizes for sale as farming allotments, or designated as
6724-580: Was the land districts which were used for cadastral purposes, and were the equivalent of the counties used in the eastern states. Around the end of the twentieth century, legal documents usually wrote them in the order: land district, location, number. For example: " Swan Location 2301". These are further divided into lots. More recently, Western Australia uses only the lot and deposited plan numbers, such as "Lot 853 on Deposited Plan 222626". Elections in Australia [REDACTED] [REDACTED] Elections in Australia take place periodically to elect
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