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103-576: The present site of Moguer had been home to many human settlements since antiquity. Nonetheless, the founding of the present municipality is generally dated from the establishment of the Señorío de Moguer (" Seigneury of Moguer") in 1333. The Santa Clara Monastery and a Franciscan convent that later became the Corpus Christi Hospital were founded four years later. From the 1330s, the population grew rapidly, turning Moguer into an important town with

206-469: A monotreme , appeared. The predatory South American phorusrhacids were rare in this time; among the last was Titanis , a large phorusrhacid that migrated to North America and rivaled mammals as top predator. Other birds probably evolved at this time, some modern (such as the genera Cygnus , Bubo , Struthio and Corvus ), some now extinct. Alligators and crocodiles died out in Europe as

309-463: A "city" ( ciudad ). The eighteenth century was characterized by economic, political and technical stability. Land, controlled in large part by the local oligarchy, continued to be much in demand by moguereños, who purchased small tracts. As for commerce, the wine industry grew, supplying Cádiz and exporting to an expanding market in the Americas, Russia and other countries in Europe, as well as supplying

412-627: A collective entity, typically a religious community such as a monastery , seminary , college , or parish . In the wake of the French Revolution , seigneurialism was repealed in France on 4 August 1789 and in the Province of Canada on 18 December 1854. Since then, the feudal title has only been applicable in the Channel Islands and for sovereign princes by their families. The English seigneur

515-466: A crop in the 1970s. Moguer is now Spain's principal producer of strawberries, which has led to great population growth in recent decades. Now, in the early 21st century, the economy of Moguer is largely driven by the growth of strawberries and raspberries ; the construction industry and service sectors are also strong. In ancient times, the economy of Moguer and its region was based in fishing and seafaring. Moguer has been connected since ancient times to

618-406: A large neocortex relative to body mass and stone tool manufacture. Improvements in dating methods and in the use of climate proxies have provided scientists with the means to test hypotheses of the evolution of human ancestors. Early hypotheses of the evolution of human traits emphasized the selective pressures produced by particular habitats. For example, many scientists have long favored

721-445: A long and bitter verbal struggle to make Moguer the capital of the new politico-administrative unit. Moguer remained, however, as head of a new legal district ( partido judicial ) and notarial and registrational districts ( distritos notorial y registral ) having also comarcal courts, a court of first instance and an examining magistrates court ( Juzgados comarcal, de Instancia y de Instrucción ). Ecclesiastically, Moguer had been

824-429: A particular habitat. The change to a cooler, drier, more seasonal climate had considerable impacts on Pliocene vegetation, reducing tropical species worldwide. Deciduous forests proliferated, coniferous forests and tundra covered much of the north, and grasslands spread on all continents (except Antarctica). Eastern Africa in particular saw a huge expansion of C 4 grasslands. Tropical forests were limited to

927-597: A portion of the San Francisco Convent. The most recent archives remain on the upper floor of the municipal hall. In the municipal and regional elections of 2019 the Gustavo Cuellar Cruz of left-of-centre Spanish Socialist Workers' Party -Andalusia (Partido Socialista Obrero Español-Andalucía, PSOE-A), was reelected to the mayoralty, which he has held since 2011. Seigneury A seigneur ( French pronunciation: [sɛɲœʁ] ) or lord

1030-491: A prosperous town. Besides the existing Almohad castle, Moguer acquired the Monastery of Santa Clara and a Franciscan convent. On his death, the seigneury passed to his daughter María Tenorio, wife of Martín Femández Portocarrero, and later to their son Alonso Femández Portocarrero, to whose lineage it would remain connected. The Casa de Portocarrero enlarged the town with the construction of the 15th-century San Francisco Convent ;

1133-405: A significant degree through the use of resistant rootstock . Moguer now belongs to Denominación de Origen (DO) Condado de Huelva . The loss of the vineyards was partially compensated by a growth in the chemical industry, but was only finally overcome with the cultivation of strawberries in recent decades, which has driven a new period of economic development and demographic growth. At the end of

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1236-579: A stricter sense to refer to a man whose manners and way of life reflect his noble ancestry and great wealth. In addition, Le Grand Seigneur had long been the name given by the French to the Ottoman sultan . Notre Seigneur Jésus-Christ is the French equivalent of the English Our Lord Jesus Christ . The English word seignorage is also derived from seigneur . The title is still used in

1339-488: A strong, economy based in agriculture, fishing, and trade through the town's river port. Moguer played an important role in the first voyage of Christopher Columbus , with Columbus receiving important support from the abbess of the Santa Clara Monastery, Inés Enríquez, the cleric Martín Sánchez and the landowner Juan Rodríguez Cabezudo . The Niño brothers played an important role in the voyage, including providing

1442-953: A tight band around the equator, and in addition to dry savannahs , deserts appeared in Asia and Africa. Both marine and continental faunas were essentially modern, although continental faunas were a bit more primitive than today. The land mass collisions meant great migration and mixing of previously isolated species, such as in the Great American Interchange . Herbivores got bigger, as did specialized predators. In North America, rodents , large mastodons and gomphotheres , and opossums continued successfully, while hoofed animals ( ungulates ) declined, with camel , deer , and horse all seeing populations recede. Three-toed horses ( Nannippus ), oreodonts , protoceratids , and chalicotheres became extinct. Borophagine dogs and Agriotherium became extinct, but other carnivores including

1545-460: Is 27.5 percent of the national total of 8,296 hectares (20,500 acres) and 32.3 percent of the Andalusian total 7,060 hectares (17,400 acres) nearly all of which (6,800 hectares (17,000 acres)) is in the province of Huelva. In the 2000s, production has diversified to include raspberries, Japanese persimmon and Northern highbush blueberry . The municipal hall ( Spanish : ayuntamiento ), known as

1648-540: Is a key finding of research into a lake-sediment core obtained in Eastern Siberia, which is of exceptional importance because it has provided the longest continuous late Cenozoic land-based sedimentary record thus far. During the late Zanclean, Italy remained relatively warm and humid. Central Asia became more seasonal during the Pliocene, with colder, drier winters and wetter summers, which contributed to an increase in

1751-567: Is also known as the birthplace of poet Juan Ramón Jiménez , winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature and author of Platero y yo . Moguer is in the southwestern part of the Iberian Peninsula , in the so-called Tierra Llana ("Flatland") of the province of Huelva. On the north it is bounded by the Río Tinto , the municipalities of Huelva , Niebla and San Juan del Puerto ; on the south by

1854-636: Is an originally feudal title in France before the Revolution , in New France and British North America until 1854, and in the Channel Islands to this day. The seigneur owned a seigneurie , seigneury , or lordship—a form of title or land tenure —as a fief , with its associated obligations and rights over person and property. In this sense, a seigneur could be an individual—male or female, high or low-born—or

1957-461: Is borrowed from the French seigneur , which descends from Middle French seigneur , from Old French seignor (oblique form of sire ), from Latin seniōrem , the accusative singular of senior ("elder"), the comparative form of senex ("old, elderly"). It is a doublet of the English words senior , sir , sire , seignior, sieur , and monsieur and shares the same provenance as

2060-493: Is essentially that of 19th-century Spain. At the beginning of the century, Moguer was the most populous centre in its part of Spain (7,200 inhabitants) followed by Huelva. The French invasion during the Peninsular War left a general sense of provisionality and bewilderment. Briefly in the 1822 territorial division of Spain and then permanently in the 1833 division , a province was established with Huelva as its capital, despite

2163-471: Is expanding its facilities with the construction of the Center for Testing, Training and Assembly of Unmanned Aircraft (CEUS) 33, with the specific function of scientific tests, technological development, training and assembly of large unmanned aircraft (Drones). tonnage (up to 15 tons), both air, sea and land, with high performance for exclusive R&D&i purposes, for civil uses. The CEDEA-CEUS group will become

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2266-549: Is lost in the remoteness of history and is surrounded by legend, as is the case for all the lands near the mouth of the Río Tinto. The current municipality of Moguer was a focus of attraction for the people of the Iberian interior and of the eastern Mediterranean since ancient times, as evidenced by Neolithic , Phoenician and Roman archaeological remains. Between the years 150 BCE – 114 BCE Hispano-Romans established industries along

2369-688: Is the epoch in the geologic time scale that extends from 5.33 to 2.58 million years ago (Ma). It is the second and most recent epoch of the Neogene Period in the Cenozoic Era . The Pliocene follows the Miocene Epoch and is followed by the Pleistocene Epoch. Prior to the 2009 revision of the geologic time scale, which placed the four most recent major glaciations entirely within the Pleistocene,

2472-460: Is the hottest month with some temperatures exceeding 40 °C (104 °F). January is the coolest, with lows of 7 °C (45 °F) and highs of 17 °C (63 °F). Prior to 1333, the population was distributed among several different places within the current municipality. With the establishment of the seigneury in 1333, the population began to concentrate in the current urban center, rising to 5,000 and fluctuating around that number until

2575-537: The Canary Islands , North Africa and Atlantic European countries. Beginning in the 15th century, Moguer had a loading wharf for loading and discharging merchandise, a carriageway, shipyards, and an alota that was, together with Huelva and Palos, among the most active on the Huelva coast. Toward the end of the 15th century, the town had a population of about 5,000, and a city centre with several arterial roads, dominated by

2678-664: The Channel Islands , self-governing territories in the English Channel which swear fealty to the British Crown as the successor to the Duke of Normandy . In particular, it refers to the Seigneur of Sark , the hereditary ruler of Sark , a jurisdiction of the Bailiwick of Guernsey . The Seigneur of Saint Ouen and the Seigneur of Samarès are titles in the Bailiwick of Jersey . According to

2781-567: The Hardangervidda plateau to 1200 m in the Early Pliocene. In Southern Sweden similar movements elevated the South Swedish highlands leading to a deflection of the ancient Eridanos river from its original path across south-central Sweden into a course south of Sweden. The Pliocene is bookended by two significant events in the evolution of human ancestors. The first is the appearance of

2884-676: The Isthmus of Panama during the Pliocene, making possible the Great American Interchange and bringing a nearly complete end to South America's distinctive native ungulate fauna, though other South American lineages like its predatory mammals were already extinct by this point and others like xenarthrans continued to do well afterwards. The formation of the Isthmus had major consequences on global temperatures, since warm equatorial ocean currents were cut off and an Atlantic cooling cycle began, with cold Arctic and Antarctic waters decreasing temperatures in

2987-585: The Italian signore , Portuguese senhor , and Spanish señor , which—like mister —referred to feudal lords before becoming general words of respectful address towards men. The noble title and land title of a seigneur is a seigneurie or lordship , the rights that the seigneur was entitled to is called seigneuriage , and the jurisdiction exercised over the fief was seigneur justicier . The bearers of these titles, rights, and jurisdiction were generally but not exclusively male. A female seigneur

3090-555: The Netherlands the Pliocene is divided into these stages (old to young): Brunssumian C, Reuverian A, Reuverian B, Reuverian C, Praetiglian , Tiglian A, Tiglian B, Tiglian C1-4b, Tiglian C4c, Tiglian C5, Tiglian C6 and Eburonian . The exact correlations between these local stages and the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) stages is not established. During the Pliocene epoch (5.3 to 2.6 million years ago (Ma)),

3193-471: The North Atlantic and North Pacific Ocean beds. Mid-latitude glaciation was probably underway before the end of the epoch. The global cooling that occurred during the Pliocene may have accelerated on the disappearance of forests and the spread of grasslands and savannas. During the Pliocene the earth climate system response shifted from a period of high frequency-low amplitude oscillation dominated by

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3296-652: The Paris Church of Our Lady of Granada , the castle, the San Francisco convent and the Santa Clara monastery. There was much economic activity and the many ships visited the port. This was the situation of Moguer when it played a significant role in the first voyage of Christopher Columbus . Moguer provided some of the sailors for the voyage, as well as the caravel , Niña , built in Moguer around 1488 and apparently owned by

3399-418: The caravel Niña . Upon the returning from the Americas , the first of Columbus's vows was fulfilled by spending a night in the church of the Santa Clara Monastery. Today, Moguer and nearby Palos de la Frontera are home to the lugares colombinos , a tourist route of places associated with undertaking that voyage. Moguer's river port continued to be an important site for seafaring and trade, exporting

3502-489: The hominin Australopithecus anamensis in the early Pliocene, around 4.2 million years ago. The second is the appearance of Homo , the genus that includes modern humans and their closest extinct relatives, near the end of the Pliocene at 2.6 million years ago. Key traits that evolved among hominins during the Pliocene include terrestrial bipedality and, by the end of the Pliocene, encephalized brains (brains with

3605-634: The savannah hypothesis . This proposes that the evolution of terrestrial bipedality and other traits was an adaptive response to Pliocene climate change that transformed forests into more open savannah . This was championed by Grafton Elliot Smith in his 1924 book, The Evolution of Man , as "the unknown world beyond the trees", and was further elaborated by Raymond Dart as the killer ape theory . Other scientists, such as Sherwood L. Washburn , emphasized an intrinsic model of hominin evolution. According to this model, early evolutionary developments triggered later developments. The model placed little emphasis on

3708-493: The weasel family diversified, and dogs and short-faced bears did well. Ground sloths , huge glyptodonts , and armadillos came north with the formation of the Isthmus of Panama. The latitudinal diversity gradient among terrestrial North American mammals became established during this epoch some time after 4 Ma. In Eurasia rodents did well, while primate distribution declined. Elephants , gomphotheres and stegodonts were successful in Asia (the largest land mammals of

3811-602: The " Famous Thirteen " expedition Francisco Pizarro and hence co-discoverer and of the Pacific; fray Antonio de Olivares , founder of the city of San Antonio, Texas ; Alonso Vélez de Mendoza , leader of the group who repopulated the island of Santo Domingo ( Hispaniola ); the Franciscan Quintero, who accompanied the expedition of Hernán Cortés to Mexico; fray Andrés de Moguer , the first chronicler of Mexico; Diego García de Moguer , who took part with Ferdinand Magellan on

3914-465: The 15th century, this was supplemented by several industries relying on ovens: soap, bread, and bricks. This period also saw the growth of agricultural warehouses and mercantile enterprises for agricultural industries. Moguer also prospered through its role in discovery and trade with the Americas. Nonetheless, Moguer was significantly affected by Spain's deep 17th-century economic crisis. In the 18th century economic activity began to grow again, especially

4017-408: The 1956 Nobel Prize for Literature —was born in the house at number 1, Calle de la Ribera. The centuries-old strategy of economic prosperity based on the wine industry was frustrated in the early 20th century by the infestation of phylloxera . The population began to decline unstoppably until the industrial development of Huelva in the 1960s and, most importantly, until the adoption of strawberries as

4120-461: The 1970s the "Las Madres" estate of started growing Fragaria x ananassa —the garden strawberry—which spread rapidly through the municipality and the rest of the province. As noted above, Moguer is by far Spain's leading producer of strawberries. More recently, this has been supplemented by the cultivation of Rubus leucodermis (raspberries), and by a growth in construction, the service sector, and tourism. The construction sector has benefited from

4223-520: The 20th century. Between 1900 and 1970 the population of Moguer remained around 7,000–8,000. Since 1970 there has been a growth to the current 22.061 (2021, INE ), the largest population in Moguer's history. Of the 22.061 habitantes, 11.059 are male (50,13%) and 11.002 female (49,87%). A detailed analysis of the demographics of Moguer can be found in the Sistema de Información Multiterritorial de Andalucía (S.I.M.A.). The origin of human settlement in Moguer

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4326-465: The 41,000-year period of Earth's obliquity to one of low-frequency, high-amplitude oscillation dominated by the 100,000-year period of the orbital eccentricity characteristic of the Pleistocene glacial-interglacial cycles. During the late Pliocene and early Pleistocene, 3.6 to 2.6 Ma, the Arctic was much warmer than it is at the present day (with summer temperatures some 8 °C warmer than today). That

4429-532: The Atlantic Ocean and Palos de la Frontera; on the west by the Río Tinto and Palos de la Frontera; and on the east by Almonte and Lucena del Puerto . The urban centre of Moguer is located at 37° 16′ N, 6° 50′ W, at an altitude of 51 metres (167 ft), 19 kilometres (12 mi) from the provincial capital Huelva , and 80 kilometres (50 mi) from the Andalusian capital Seville . It is very close to Palos de la Frontera , and 20 kilometres (12 mi) from

4532-467: The Calle El Dorado, Avenida del Arroyo de la Miel, and Avenida de los Conquistadores (east). Moguer is located in sandy clay Pliocene – Quaternary land. It can be divided into three regions: countryside, wetlands or marsh, and coast. The Río Tinto and its marsh make up the predominant landscape of the northern part of the municipality. On the south are 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) of virgin beaches and

4635-538: The Casa Consistorial, is located in the Plaza del Cabildo, in the historic center of Moguer. Expansion of local government in recent years has been accommodated by new buildings, rather than by adding onto this small historic building. Social Affairs ( Asuntos Sociales ) is located on Calle Daniel Vázquez Díaz and Urban Planning ( Urbanismo ) on Calle Andalucía. The municipal archive also has a new facility, opened in 1994 in

4738-580: The Earth's climate became cooler and drier, as well as more seasonal, marking a transition between the relatively warm Miocene to the cooler Pleistocene . However, the beginning of the Pliocene was marked by an increase in global temperatures relative to the cooler Messinian . This increase was related to the 1.2 million year obliquity amplitude modulation cycle . By 3.3-3.0 Ma, during the Mid-Piacenzian Warm Period (mPWP), global average temperature

4841-775: The Feudal Dues Law of 1980 of Guernsey, the style of Dame or Seigneur is legally authorized for use by Seigneurs and Dames of Fiefs of the Crown Dependency of Guernsey. Guernsey or the Bailiwick of Guernsey is one of the Channel Islands that is a Crown Dependency . Guernsey still has feudal law and legal fiefs in existence today. Each fief has a Seigneur and/or Dame that owns the fief. The Guernsey fiefs and seigneurs have long existed before baronies and are part of Normandy . While nobility has been outlawed in France and Germany, noble fiefs still exist by law in Guernsey. The owners of

4944-436: The I.N.T.A. develops its activity in the investigation of renewable energies, experimentation of newly developed rockets, carrying out scientific experiments with sounding rockets and balloons, atmospheric investigations, development tests of different types of unmanned aircraft (Drones), up to 150 kg., from the platform, and carrying out R&D programs, durability studies and testing of components and solar energy systems. CEDEA

5047-515: The Monastery of Santa Clara to fulfill a vow made when the Niña encountered a severe storm on the return voyage. During the sixteenth century, the village went through an era of commercial prosperity centered on colonization of, and trade with, the Americas. Many moguereños participated in the discovery and evangelization of the new lands, among them Pedro Alonso Niño , discoverer of the coasts of Paria ( Venezuela ); Bartolome Ruiz , navigator, pilot on

5150-476: The Niño brothers of Moguer. On several occasions, Columbus came to Moguer seeking help. Ultimately, he gained the important support of the Niño brothers; the cleric Martín Sánchez; the landowner Juan Rodríguez Cabezudo (who took custody of Columbus's son Diego while Columbus went on his first voyage); and Inés Enríquez , abbess of the Santa Clara Monastery and aunt of King Ferdinand. The Catholic Monarchs had ordered

5253-634: The Parish Church of Our Lady of Granada, which retained only its original 14th-century tower. Because of the dramatic 18th-century increase in the population, this church was enlarged to cathedral proportions, with five naves , the highest and widest being the central nave. For wartime services to the Crown against England, in 1779 Charles III granted the City of Moguer the titles of Muy Noble and Muy Leal ("Very Noble" and "Very Loyal"). The story of 19th-century Moguer

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5356-503: The Pliocene also included the Gelasian Stage, which lasted from 2.59 to 1.81 Ma, and is now included in the Pleistocene. As with other older geologic periods, the geological strata that define the start and end are well-identified but the exact dates of the start and end of the epoch are slightly uncertain. The boundaries defining the Pliocene are not set at an easily identified worldwide event but rather at regional boundaries between

5459-613: The Pliocene contains the Dacian (roughly equal to the Zanclean) and Romanian (roughly equal to the Piacenzian and Gelasian together) stages. As usual in stratigraphy, there are many other regional and local subdivisions in use. In Britain , the Pliocene is divided into the following stages (old to young): Gedgravian, Waltonian , Pre-Ludhamian, Ludhamian, Thurnian, Bramertonian or Antian, Pre-Pastonian or Baventian, Pastonian and Beestonian . In

5562-559: The Pliocene were such proboscideans as Deinotherium , Anancus , and Mammut borsoni , ) though proboscidean diversity declined significantly during the Late Pliocene. Hyraxes migrated north from Africa. Horse diversity declined, while tapirs and rhinos did fairly well. Bovines and antelopes were successful; some camel species crossed into Asia from North America. Hyenas and early saber-toothed cats appeared, joining other predators including dogs, bears, and weasels. Africa

5665-497: The Portocarrero's policy of attracting additional settlement. The town of Moguer gained distinction for various services provided to the Crown by its successive lords. In 1369, Henry II of Castile granted it the title of Muy Leal ("Very Loyal"); in 1642, Philip IV of Spain designated Moguer a city, and gave its council the right to use the coat of arms of the Portocarrero; and in 1779, Charles III distinguished it again with

5768-458: The Spanish cabeza , head). Being located near the coast of the province of Huelva, Moguer has a Mediterranean climate (transitional between subtropical and temperate) with an Atlantic influence. Moguer is among the warmest and sunniest cities in Europe. The temperature regime is maritime, with an annual average of 19.2 °C (66.6 °F), and the city receives 2,984 hours of sun annually. July

5871-626: The Spanish Royal Navy. The 1755 Lisbon earthquake caused extensive damage in the city, leaving only the strongest buildings standing: part of the castle, the Santa Clara Monastery and the Chapel of the Hospital. Other buildings had to be rebuilt or restored—as was the Convent of San Francisco, rebuilt in the mannerist style—or built from scratch—as were the city hall, a masterpiece of civil Baroque , or

5974-533: The Western Atlantic, assemblages of bivalves exhibited remarkable stasis with regards to their basal metabolic rates throughout the various climatic changes of the Pliocene. The Pliocene was a high water mark for species diversity among Caribbean corals. From 5 to 2 Ma, coral species origination rates were relatively high in the Caribbean, although a noticeable extinction event and drop in diversity occurred at

6077-531: The abundance of C 4 plants across the region. In the Loess Plateau , δ13C values of occluded organic matter increased by 2.5% while those of pedogenic carbonate increased by 5% over the course of the Late Miocene and Pliocene, indicating increased aridification. Further aridification of Central Asia was caused by the development of Northern Hemisphere glaciation during the Late Pliocene. A sediment core from

6180-606: The autonomic A-494 from the municipality of Almonte, and the autonomic A-486 from Lucena del Puerto. The urban centre of Moguer is accessed from the A-494 by the avenues Hermanos Niño, Quinto Centenario, de la Virgen, and de América and from the Carretera de la Marisma by the Calle de la Ribera. The urban centre of Mazagón is accessed from the A-494 by the Avenida de los Conquistadores (west), and

6283-481: The beaches of Mazagón ; all of these are within the mancomunidad Moguer-Palos de la Frontera and the larger Comarca Metropolitana de Huelva . Its surface area is 204 square kilometres (79 sq mi). The main access to Moguer is from the north by means of the Autovía A-49/E-1 by way of the autonomic route. It can also be reached by the national N-422 and the provincial from Palos de la Frontera,

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6386-491: The best European Center of Excellence for Unmanned Systems (Drones), and an international reference for experimentation with unmanned vehicles. The local economy has long been based in seafaring and fishing, but above all in agriculture: cereals and olives , then later wine grapes, strawberries, and raspberries have long been the basis of the economy. The strong current growth is based on crop irrigation, and primarily on strawberries and, secondarily, raspberries. These have been

6489-718: The climate cooled. Venomous snake genera continued to increase as more rodents and birds evolved. Rattlesnakes first appeared in the Pliocene. The modern species Alligator mississippiensis , having evolved in the Miocene, continued into the Pliocene, except with a more northern range; specimens have been found in very late Miocene deposits of Tennessee . Giant tortoises still thrived in North America, with genera like Hesperotestudo . Madtsoid snakes were still present in Australia. The amphibian order Allocaudata became extinct. In

6592-489: The construction of road and bridge over the Río Tinto, basic infrastructures for the development of the municipality. In 1899 Moguer had 8,523 inhabitants, of whom 99 percent were farmworkers. Wine remained Moguer's fundamental product and the river natural means to export that wine, although traffic to the river port had declined sharply due to silting that decreased the depth of the channel. On 23 December 1881, poet Juan Ramón Jiménez —author of Platero y yo and winner of

6695-475: The early-mid Pliocene (5 Ma – 3 Ma), after three-million-year intervals with modern or glacial ice volume became longer and collapse occurs only at times when warmer global temperature coincide with strong austral summer insolation anomalies. Continents continued to drift , moving from positions possibly as far as 250 km from their present locations to positions only 70 km from their current locations. South America became linked to North America through

6798-420: The economic engine underlying other activities. Other rain-fed farming continues in the traditional growing area near the town of Moguer, but is less profitable. The irrigation has been made possible by community three groupings of growers: C.R. de Valdemar, C.R. de Palos and C.R. del Fresno. The businessman Antonio Medina Lama began the first local experiments with growing strawberries on his "La Madre" farm in

6901-558: The end of this interval. Oceans continued to be relatively warm during the Pliocene, though they continued cooling. The Arctic ice cap formed , drying the climate and increasing cool shallow currents in the North Atlantic. Deep cold currents flowed from the Antarctic. The formation of the Isthmus of Panama about 3.5 million years ago cut off the final remnant of what was once essentially a circum-equatorial current that had existed since

7004-468: The existence of several Roman settlements with the limits of the present-day municipality of Moguer. With the arrival of Muslims the farmstead of Mogauar or Mogur belonged to the Taifa of Niebla . Surviving buildings from this period include the Almohad Castle of Moguer , the underground reservoir which is under the parade ground, the fountain known as the Fuente de Pinete , the Fuente de Montemayor, and archaeological remains of Arab settlements in

7107-461: The fiefs actually convene each year at the Court of Chief Pleas under the supervision of His Majesty's Government. There are approximately 24 private fiefs in Guernsey that are registered directly with the Crown. Some Fief Seigneurs own more than one Fief or have several Fiefs within their Fief territory. Pliocene The Pliocene ( / ˈ p l aɪ . ə s iː n , ˈ p l aɪ . oʊ -/ PLY -ə-seen, PLY -oh- ; also Pleiocene )

7210-491: The first time since the Cretaceous , with North American rodents and primates mixing with southern forms. Litopterns and the notoungulates , South American natives, were mostly wiped out, except for the macrauchenids and toxodonts , which managed to survive. Small weasel-like carnivorous mustelids , coatis and short-faced bears migrated from the north. Grazing glyptodonts , browsing giant ground sloths and smaller caviomorph rodents , pampatheres , and armadillos did

7313-411: The first trip around the world; and Juan Ladrillero , considered an independent discoverer of the Straits of Magellan . The seventeenth century was a time of hardship for the Spanish monarchy, and Moguer could not escape this situation. The population decreased significantly. Nonetheless, the rise of Moguer in terms of relative importance was recognized in 1642 when Philip IV granted Moguer the title of

7416-409: The growth in agriculture, which has impelled a sharp increase in the number of construction companies and real estate firms in the town, which now constitute 15 and 19 percent of non-agricultural economic activity, respectively. The commercial sector has also greatly benefited from the agricultural growth, now constituting 43 percent of non-farm economic activity. At the same time, recent development of

7519-413: The influence of seasonal variation. More recent research has emphasized the variability selection hypothesis, which proposes that variability in climate fostered development of hominin traits. Improved climate proxies show that the Pliocene climate of east Africa was highly variable, suggesting that adaptability to varying conditions was more important in driving hominin evolution than the steady pressure of

7622-473: The late 1970s. Over the years, cultivation techniques were improved to the point of becoming the basis of the local economy. Berries are grown by intensive hydroponic methods in transparent plastic tunnels, on top of a black plastic base, using drip irrigation to supply water and nutrients. As of 2008, 2,278 hectares (5,630 acres) in the municipality are devoted to growing strawberries, making Moguer Spain's leading municipality in this crop. Moguer's production

7725-458: The local wines and other merchandise to the Americas, Russia and other European countries. Viticulture remained the economic engine into the early 20th century, when the chemical plant at Huelva and, above all, the development of the cultivation of the garden strawberry drove a new period of economic development and demographic growth. As of 2008, 2,278 hectares (5,630 acres) in the municipality are devoted to growing strawberries, 27.5 percent of

7828-480: The national total of 8,296 hectares (20,500 acres), making Moguer Spain's leading municipality in this crop. The municipality of Moguer is formed by the urban centres of Moguer and Mazagón , the agricultural zones with both irrigated and rain-fed crops, and forest areas composed of the Monte Público of the municipality of Moguer and of protected natural areas . Besides being one of the lugares colombinos , Moguer

7931-545: The northern South China Sea shows an increase in dust storm activity during the middle Pliocene. The South Asian Summer Monsoon (SASM) increased in intensity after 2.95 Ma, likely because of enhanced cross-equatorial pressure caused by the reorganisation of the Indonesian Throughflow. In the south-central Andes , an arid period occurred from 6.1 to 5.2 Ma, with another occurring from 3.6 to 3.3 Ma. These arid periods are coincident with global cold periods, during which

8034-724: The now-separated Atlantic Ocean. Africa 's collision with Europe formed the Mediterranean Sea , cutting off the remnants of the Tethys Ocean . The border between the Miocene and the Pliocene is also the time of the Messinian salinity crisis . During the Late Pliocene, the Himalayas became less active in their uplift, as evidenced by sedimentation changes in the Bengal Fan . The land bridge between Alaska and Siberia ( Beringia )

8137-509: The old Franciscan convent became the Corpus Christi Hospital, a hospital for the poor. The House of Portocarrero were Grandees , wealthy upper nobility, with close connections to the royal court. In 1375 the Señorío de Moguer became a majorat ( Spanish : mayorazgo ). Like any feudal lords, the lords of Moguer exercised control over the municipal government. Moguer soon became a prominent Andalusian fishing town, thanks mainly to

8240-504: The onset of continental glaciation in the Arctic, suggesting that vegetation changes in Australia during the Pliocene behaved similarly to during the Late Pleistocene and were likely characterised by comparable cycles of aridity and humidity. The equatorial Pacific Ocean sea surface temperature gradient was considerably lower than it is today. Mean sea surface temperatures in the east were substantially warmer than today but similar in

8343-400: The opposite, migrating to the north and thriving there. The marsupials remained the dominant Australian mammals, with herbivore forms including wombats and kangaroos , and the huge Diprotodon . Carnivorous marsupials continued hunting in the Pliocene, including dasyurids , the dog-like thylacine and cat-like Thylacoleo . The first rodents arrived in Australia. The modern platypus ,

8446-602: The position of the Southern Hemisphere westerlies shifted northward and disrupted the South American Low Level Jet, which brings moisture to southeastern South America. From around 3.8 Ma to about 3.3 Ma, North Africa experienced an extended humid period. In northwestern Africa, tropical forests extended up to Cape Blanc during the Zanclean until around 3.5 Ma. During the Piacenzian, from about 3.5 to 2.6 Ma,

8549-569: The principal ports of the Mediterranean and North African coasts. This activity continued through the Middle Ages. In the Low Middle Ages , Moguer experienced economic growth through agricultural development (including the raising of livestock). Moguer thrived thanks to the cultivation of wheat, wine grapes, esparto , hemp , and other crops, as well as continued prosperity in fishing. During

8652-505: The recent", referring to the essentially modern marine mollusc fauna. In the official timescale of the ICS , the Pliocene is subdivided into two stages . From youngest to oldest they are: The Piacenzian is sometimes referred to as the Late Pliocene, whereas the Zanclean is referred to as the Early Pliocene. In the system of In the Paratethys area (central Europe and parts of western Asia)

8755-499: The region was forested at irregular intervals and contained a significant Saharan palaeoriver until 3.35 Ma, when trade winds began to dominate over fluvial transport of pollen. Around 3.26 Ma, a strong aridification event that was followed by a return to more humid conditions, which was itself followed by another aridification around 2.7 Ma. From 2.6 to 2.4 Ma, vegetation zones began repeatedly shifting latitudinally in response to glacial-interglacial cycles. The climate of eastern Africa

8858-402: The river Urium (Tinto), a natural route for travel and commerce used by various cultures over the course of history. Originally Urium was a Roman town with a tower for defense, built roughly between the 1st century BCE and 2nd century CE . Remains of amphorae , coins, bricks, tegulae with potter's marks and a fragment of 2nd-century CE Terra sigillata (a type of decorated pottery) confirm

8961-537: The rural zones of Rendón, las Cacerías, and Manzote. During the Reconquista , Moguer was conquered by the Order of Santiago around 1239–1240, along with other enclaves of historic Algarve , and annexed to Castile . In 1333, the village of Moguer became the first seigneury in the area, granted by Alfonso XI of Castile to Alonso Jofré Tenorio , Staff Admiral (Almirante Mayor) of Castile. Under this nobleman, Moguer became

9064-673: The sand hills and gullies of the Arenas Gordas . The rest of the territory is the countryside, cut by the streams Galarín and Montemayor, tributaries of the Río Tinto; other streams are the Arroyo de Angorrilla, Arroyo de la Monjas, Cañada del Peral and Arroys de la Grulla in the Domingo Rubio estuary, and the Arroyo de las Madres in the Las Madres lagoon. In some places, lower strata have worn away, leaving curved outcroppings known as cabezos (from

9167-518: The scene. Bears, dogs and weasels (originally from North America) joined cats, hyenas and civets as the African predators, forcing hyenas to adapt as specialized scavengers. Most mustelids in Africa declined as a result of increased competition from the new predators, although Enhydriodon omoensis remained an unusually successful terrestrial predator. South America was invaded by North American species for

9270-473: The seat of the vicarage of the same name since the mid-15th century and also core of a deanery ( arciprestazgo ) whose area was broader than the old parish, which only extended as far as Palos de la Frontera. The end of noble and ecclesiastical territorial privileges had a strong effect on local economic structures, especially with respect to the Church. The First Spanish Republic (1873–1874) also left its mark with

9373-400: The surrounding environment. Anthropologists tended to focus on intrinsic models while geologists and vertebrate paleontologists tended to put greater emphasis on habitats. Alternatives to the savanna hypothesis include the woodland/forest hypothesis, which emphasizes the evolution of hominins in closed habitats, or hypotheses emphasizing the influence of colder habitats at higher latitudes or

9476-472: The titles of Muy Noble and Muy Leal ("Very Noble" and "Very Loyal"). Because of this, Moguer is known as the "Very Noble and twice Very Loyal City" of Moguer. The economy of Moguer in the 15th century was based in agriculture, fishing, and mercantile activities. in 1489 the Catholic Monarchs Isabella and Ferdinand granted a seguro (?) to ships arriving at the river port of Moguer from

9579-411: The towns of the Andalusian coasts to provide assistance to Columbus and by means of a commission directed the town of Moguer to comply with this provision. Columbus seized two boats in Moguer in the presence of the notary Moguer Alonso Pardo; these boats were later discarded as unsuitable on the advice of Martín Alonso Pinzón . Later, upon his arrival from America, Columbus came promptly to the church of

9682-470: The trade in wine. For decades, the largest customer for Moguer's wines was the Spanish Navy. In the 19th century, wine continued to boom, with a considerable increase in land under cultivation and a spectacular development of vineyards. The arrival in the early 20th century of phylloxera , a disease affecting vinifera grapes, was very harmful to Moguer's vineyards, but the industry has since recovered to

9785-552: The urban center of Mazagón for tourism has increased the number of hotels and other short-term accommodations to constitute 12 percent of the municipal economy. Also noteworthy is the presence in the municipality of the aerospace sector, due to the activity of the National Institute of Aerospace Technology (I.N.T.A) in its facilities at the El Arenosillo Experimentation Center (CEDEA). This headquarters of

9888-504: The warmer Miocene and the relatively cooler Pleistocene. The upper boundary was set at the start of the Pleistocene glaciations. Charles Lyell (later Sir Charles) gave the Pliocene its name in Principles of Geology (volume 3, 1833). The word pliocene comes from the Greek words πλεῖον ( pleion , "more") and καινός ( kainos , "new" or "recent") and means roughly "continuation of

9991-495: The west. This condition has been described as a permanent El Niño state, or “El Padre.” Several mechanisms have been proposed for this pattern, including increased tropical cyclone activity . The extent of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet oscillated at the 40 kyr period of Earth's obliquity. Ice sheet collapse occurred when the global average temperature was 3 °C warmer than today and carbon dioxide concentration

10094-470: Was 2–3 °C higher than today, while carbon dioxide levels were the same as today (400 ppm). Global sea level was about 25 m higher, though its exact value is uncertain. The northern hemisphere ice sheet was ephemeral before the onset of extensive glaciation over Greenland that occurred in the late Pliocene around 3 Ma. The formation of an Arctic ice cap is signaled by an abrupt shift in oxygen isotope ratios and ice-rafted cobbles in

10197-506: Was at 400 ppmv. This resulted in open waters in the Ross Sea . Global sea-level fluctuation associated with ice-sheet collapse was probably up to 7 meters for the west Antarctic and 3 meters for the east Antarctic. Model simulations are consistent with reconstructed ice-sheet oscillations and suggest a progression from a smaller to a larger West Antarctic ice sheet in the last 5 million years. Intervals of ice sheet collapse were much more common in

10300-480: Was dominated by hoofed animals, and primates continued their evolution, with australopithecines (some of the first hominins ) and baboon-like monkeys such as the Dinopithecus appearing in the late Pliocene. Rodents were successful, and elephant populations increased. Cows and antelopes continued diversification and overtook pigs in numbers of species. Early giraffes appeared. Horses and modern rhinos came onto

10403-452: Was first flooded near the start of the Pliocene, allowing marine organisms to spread between the Arctic and Pacific Oceans. The bridge would continue to be periodically flooded and restored thereafter. Pliocene marine formations are exposed in northeast Spain , southern California , New Zealand , and Italy . During the Pliocene parts of southern Norway and southern Sweden that had been near sea level rose. In Norway this rise elevated

10506-519: Was generally known as a seigneuresse or lady. The seigneur could be a noble or a roturier (commoner) as well as a corporation such as religious order, a monastery, a parish. In English, seigneur is used in historical scholarship to discuss the French seigneurial system. It is also frequently calqued as " lord ", the analogous term in the English feudal system. The term grand seigneur has survived in English and French. Today this usually means an elegant, urbane gentleman . Some even use it in

10609-541: Was very similar to what it is today. Unexpectedly, the expansion of grasslands in eastern Africa during this epoch appears to have been decoupled from aridification and not caused by it, as evidenced by their asynchrony. Southwestern Australia hosted heathlands , shrublands , and woodlands with a greater species diversity compared to today during the Middle and Late Pliocene. Three different aridification events occurred around 2.90, 2.59, and 2.56 Ma, and may have been linked to

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