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80-492: Mobile operating systems combine features of a desktop computer operating system with other features useful for mobile or handheld use, and usually including a wireless inbuilt modem and SIM tray for telephone and data connection. In Q1 2018, over 123 million smartphones were sold (the most ever recorded) with 60.2% running Android and 20.9% running iOS . Sales in 2012 were 1.56 billion; sales in 2023 were 1.43 billion with 53.32% being Android . Android alone has more sales than

160-404: A de facto standard for sound cards in desktop PCs during the 1990s until the early 2000s, when they were reduced to a niche product, as OEM desktop PCs came with sound boards integrated directly onto the motherboard. While desktops have long been the most common configuration for PCs, by the mid-2000s the growth shifted from desktops to laptops. Notably, while desktops were mainly produced in

240-401: A UPS to handle electrical disturbances like short interruptions, blackouts, and spikes; achieving an on-battery time of more than 20–30 minutes for a desktop PC requires a large and expensive UPS. A laptop with a sufficiently charged battery can continue to be used for hours in case of a power outage and is not affected by short power interruptions and blackouts. A desktop computer often has

320-477: A desk (as opposed to a portable computer ) due to its size and power requirements. The most common configuration has a case that houses the power supply , motherboard (a printed circuit board with a microprocessor as the central processing unit , memory , bus , certain peripherals and other electronic components), disk storage (usually one or more hard disk drives , solid-state drives , optical disc drives , and in early models floppy disk drives );

400-463: A keyboard and mouse for input ; and a monitor , speakers , and, often, a printer for output. The case may be oriented horizontally or vertically and placed either underneath, beside, or on top of a desk. Desktop computers with their cases oriented vertically are referred to as towers . As the majority of cases offered since the mid-1990s are in this form factor, the term desktop has been retronymically used to refer to modern cases offered in

480-834: A tower is a form factor of desktop computer case whose height is much greater than its width, thus having the appearance of an upstanding tower block . In computing , a pizza box enclosure is a design for desktop computers. Pizza box cases tend to be wide and flat, resembling pizza delivery boxes and thus the name. Cube Workstations have a cube case enclosure to house the motherboard , PCI-E expansion cards, GPU , CPU , DRAM DIMM slots, computer cooling equipment, chipsets , I / O ports, hard disk drives , and solid-state drives . Gaming computers are desktop computers with high performance CPU , GPU , and RAM optimized for playing video games at high resolution and frame rates . Gaming computer peripheries usually include mechanical keyboards for faster response time, and

560-464: A user experience . Samsung Experience is used internally by Samsung for smartphones, feature phones and tablet computers, and is not available for licensing by external parties. The Android version of Samsung Experience also came with Samsung-made apps preloaded until the Galaxy S6 , which removed all Samsung pre-loaded apps except Samsung Galaxy Store (formerly Galaxy Apps) to save storage space due to

640-525: A 2% worldwide market share in 1986. However, laptops have become increasingly popular, both for business and personal use. Around 109 million notebook PCs shipped worldwide in 2007, a growth of 33% compared to 2006. In 2008, it was estimated that 145.9 million notebooks were sold and that the number would grow in 2009 to 177.7 million. The third quarter of 2008 was the first time when worldwide notebook PC shipments exceeded desktops, with 38.6 million units versus 38.5 million units. The sales breakdown of

720-437: A built-in keyboard and a pointing device (such as a touchpad ) for its user and can draw on power supplied by a rechargeable battery. Laptops also commonly integrate wireless technologies like Wi-Fi , Bluetooth , and 3G , giving them a broader range of options for connecting to the internet, though this trend is changing as newer desktop computers come integrated with one or more of these technologies. A desktop computer needs

800-542: A customized user interface and heavy ties to content available from Amazon's own storefronts and services. Flyme OS is an operating system developed by Meizu Technology Co., Ltd. , an open-source operating system based on the Android Open Source Project (AOSP). Flyme OS is mainly installed on Meizu smartphones such as the MX series . However, it also has official ROM support for a few Android devices. FuntouchOS

880-537: A decline in sales, in 2018, global PC sales experienced a resurgence, driven by the business market. Desktops remain a solid fixture in the commercial and educational sectors. According to the International Data Corporation (IDC) , PC sales shot up 14.8% between 2020 and 2021 and desktop market grew faster than the laptop market in the second quarter of 2021. Total PC shipments during 2021 reached 348.8 million units, up 14.8% from 2020. This represents

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960-606: A full touch user interface . It is not an operating system. LG UX is used internally by LG for sophisticated feature phones and tablet computers, and is not available for licensing by external parties. Optimus UI 2, based on Android 4.1.2, has been released on the Optimus K II and the Optimus Neo 3. It features a more refined user interface compared to the prior version based on Android 4.1.1, along with new functionalities such as voice shutter and quick memo. Lineage Android Distribution

1040-431: A gaming computer mouse which can track higher dots per inch movement. These desktops are connected to home entertainment systems and typically used for amusement purpose. They come with high definition display, video graphics, surround sound and TV tuner systems to complement typical PC features. Over time some traditional desktop computers have been replaced with thin clients utilizing off-site computing solutions like

1120-533: A new one merely to keep pace with advancing technology. Notably, the successive release of new versions of Windows (Windows 95, 98, XP, Vista, 7, 8, 10 and so on) had been drivers for the replacement of PCs in the 1990s, but this slowed in the 2000s due to the poor reception of Windows Vista over Windows XP. IDC analyst Jay Chou suggested that Windows 8 actually hurt sales of PCs in 2012, as businesses decided to stick with Windows 7 rather than upgrade. Some suggested that Microsoft had acknowledged "implicitly ringing

1200-463: A plotter. The Wang 2200 of 1973 had a full-size cathode-ray tube (CRT) and cassette tape storage. The IBM 5100 in 1975 had a small CRT display and could be programmed in BASIC and APL . These were generally expensive specialized computers sold for business or scientific uses. Apple II , TRS-80 and Commodore PET were first generation personal home computers launched in 1977, which were aimed at

1280-460: A range of security vulnerabilities permitting malicious base stations to gain high levels of control over the mobile device. Mobile operating systems have had the most use of any operating system since 2017 (measured by web use). Mobile operating system milestones mirror the development of mobile phones , PDAs , and smartphones: These operating systems often run atop baseband or other real-time operating systems that handle hardware aspects of

1360-399: A second or third PC in the household that would have performed these tasks, though most families still retain a powerful PC for serious work. Among PC form factors, desktops remain a staple in the enterprise market but lost popularity among home buyers. PC makers and electronics retailers responded by investing their engineering and marketing resources towards laptops (initially netbooks in

1440-617: A server. Thin client computers may do almost all of their computing on a virtual machine in another site. Internal, hosted virtual desktops can offer users a completely consistent experience from anywhere. Workstations are advanced class of personal computers designed for a user and more powerful than a regular PC but less powerful than a server in regular computing. They are capable of high-resolution and three-dimensional interfaces, and typically used to perform scientific and engineering work. Like server computers, they are often connected with other workstations. The main form-factor for this class

1520-473: A soft fork of LineageOS . Includes Monthly Updates, FOSS Focus, Deblobbing, Security and Privacy focus, and F-Droid Huawei EMUI is the front-end touch interface developed by Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd. and its sub-brand Honor which is based on Google's Android Open Source Project (AOSP). EMUI is preinstalled on most Huawei and Honor devices. While it was based on the open-source Android operating system, it consists of closed-source proprietary software. Since

1600-420: A wide range of user customization without requiring rooting the mobile device. The operating system is also bundled with utility applications that allow users to free up memory, freeze applications, limit data accessibility to applications among others. HiOS comes with features like Launcher, Private Safe, Split Screen and Lockscreen Notification. HTC Sense is a software suite developed by HTC, used primarily on

1680-490: Is a Tower case, but most vendors produce compact or all-in-one low-end workstations. Most tower workstations can be converted to a rack-mount version. Oriented for small business class of servers; typically entry-level server machines, with similar to workstation/gaming PC computing powers and with some mainstream servers features, but with only basic graphic abilities; and some desktop servers can be converted to workstations. Desktops have an advantage over laptops in that

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1760-445: Is a custom Android UI developed by ZTE for their flagship smartphones and nubia smartphones. MyOS is based on the Android Open Source Project (AOSP). This is a redesign from their previous custom Android UI, MiFavor. Nothing OS is a custom Android UI developed by Nothing for their Nothing Phone (1) . Nothing OS design interface are identical to the stock Android and Pixel UI experience, aside from their custom font and widget which

1840-452: Is a custom front-end touch interface based on the Android Open Source Project (AOSP) and developed by OPPO Electronics Corp. In 2016, OPPO officially released ColorOS with every OPPO and Realme device and released an official ROM for the OnePlus One . Future Realme devices will have their own version of ColorOS. CopperheadOS is a security-hardened version of Android. DivestOS is

1920-600: Is a custom mobile operating system based on the Android Open Source Project (AOSP). It serves as the successor to the highly popular custom ROM, CyanogenMod , from which it was forked in December 2016 when Cyanogen Inc. announced it was discontinuing development and shut down the infrastructure behind the project. Since Cyanogen Inc. retained the rights to the Cyanogen name, the project rebranded its fork as LineageOS. Similar to CyanogenMod, it does not include any proprietary apps unless

2000-520: Is a custom user interface developed by Vivo that is based on the Android Open Source Project. FuntouchOS 10.5 had a redesigned UI that resembled stock Androids. iQOO UI was a custom user interface based on Vivo's FuntouchOS. The UI largely resembled its predecessor, with a customized UI on top of the FuntouchOS. It was installed on iQOO smartphones sold in China and later was succeeded by OriginOS GrapheneOS

2080-475: Is a mobile operating system developed by Realme which is based on OPPO ColorOS , which itself is based on the Android Open Source Project (AOSP). The UI mostly resemble its predecessor, but with a custom UI on top of ColorOS to match Realme's target audience. realme UI R edition is a custom Android skin that Realme developed for their lower-end device line with "C" and Narzo series, the Android-based line of

2160-536: Is a mobile operating system in India. It is an Indian government-funded project to develop a free and open-source operating system (OS) for use in government and public systems. BlackBerry Secure is an operating system developed by BlackBerry , based on the Android Open Source Project (AOSP). BlackBerry officially announced the name for their Android-based front-end touch interface in August 2017, before which BlackBerry Secure

2240-453: Is a notable example of a compact desktop. A laptop without a screen can functionally be used as a compact desktop, sometimes called a "slabtop". An all-in-one (AIO) desktop computer integrates the system's internal components into the same case as the display, thus occupying a smaller footprint (with fewer cables) than desktops that incorporate a tower. The All-in-one systems are rarely labeled as desktop computers. In personal computing ,

2320-429: Is a variant of Android for Pixel hardware. Hello UI (formerly called My UI and My UX) is a custom Android UI developed by Motorola for their devices. It used to look like the stock Android user experience up until My UI 3.x. HiOS is an Android-based operating system developed by Hong Kong mobile phone manufacturer Tecno Mobile , a subsidiary of Transsion Holdings , exclusively for their smartphones. HiOS allows for

2400-461: Is any component manipulated by the user. The server-side (or "backend") code usually resides on the server , often far removed physically from the user. In content management systems , the terms frontend and backend may refer to the end-user facing views of the CMS and the administrative views, respectively. In speech synthesis , the frontend refers to the part of the synthesis system that converts

2480-535: Is based on Android Go , hence the overall experience is tune down to allowed for smoother experience on budget Realme devices. Red Magic OS is a mobile operating system developed by ZTE and Nubia for their Red Magic devices. Replicant is a custom mobile operating system based on the Android with all proprietary drivers and bloated closed-source software removed. TCL UI is a custom user interface developed by TCL Technology for their in-house smartphone series. The OS

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2560-709: Is based on Huawei EMUI , which is based on the Android Open Source Project (AOSP). The overall user interface looks almost identical to EMUI, even after the separation. While it was based on the open-source Android operating system, it consists of closed-source proprietary software. Due to sanctions imposed by the US on Huawei, new devices released by both Huawei and Honor are no longer allowed to include Google Mobile Services . To allow Honor to regain access to Google services, Huawei sold off Honor to become an independent company, thereby allowing them to pre-install Google Mobile Services on their latest devices. MyOS (formerly called MiFavor)

2640-402: Is based on dot design. nubia UI was a custom Android UI developed by ZTE and nubia for their smartphones. nubia UI was based on the Android Open Source Project (AOSP). One UI (formerly called TouchWiz and Samsung Experience ) is a front-end touch interface developed by Samsung Electronics in 2008 with partners, featuring a full touch user interface. It is not a true operating system, but

2720-406: Is based on the Android Open Source Project (AOSP). VOS is a custom Android UI developed by BQ Aquaris and Vsmart . XOS (formerly known as XUI) is an Android-based operating system developed by Hong Kong mobile phone manufacturer Infinix Mobile , a subsidiary of Transsion Holdings , exclusively for their smartphones. XOS allows for a wide range of user customization without requiring rooting

2800-642: Is developed by Google and based on the open-source Android system. Unlike Nexus phones, where Google shipped with stock Android, the UI that came with first-generation Pixel phones was slightly modified. As part of the Google Pixel software, the Pixel UI and its home launcher are closed-source and proprietary, so it is only available on Pixel family devices. However, third-party mods allow non-Pixel smartphones to install Pixel Launcher with Google Now feed integration. realme UI

2880-498: Is not a popular operating system for regular (desktop) personal computers (PCs). Although the Android operating system is free and open-source software , in devices sold, much of the software bundled with it (including Google apps and vendor-installed software) is proprietary software and closed-source. Android's releases before 2.0 (1.0, 1.5 , 1.6 ) were used exclusively on mobile phones. Android 2.x releases were mostly used for mobile phones but also some tablets. Android 3.0

2960-405: Is placed on the network's outward-facing frontend or boundary . Network traffic passes through the front-end hardware before entering the network. In processor design , frontend design would be the initial description of the behavior of a circuit in a hardware description language such as Verilog , while backend design would be the process of mapping that behavior to physical transistors on

3040-472: Is quite rare. Compact desktops are reduced in physical proportions compared to full-sized desktops. They are typically small-sized, inexpensive, low-power computers designed for basic tasks such as web browsing , accessing web-based applications , document processing, and audio/video playback. Hardware specifications and processing power are usually reduced and hence make them less appropriate for running complex or resource-intensive applications . A nettop

3120-481: Is still most popular on desktops (and laptops), while smartphones (and tablets) use Android or iOS . Towards the middle of the 2010s, media sources began to question the existence of the post-PC trend, at least as conventionally defined, stating that the so-called post-PC devices are just other portable forms of PCs joining traditional desktop PCs which still have their own operation areas and evolve. Although for casual use traditional desktops and laptops have seen

3200-512: The Apple Macintosh has seen sales of desktop Macs staying mostly constant while being surpassed by that of Mac notebooks whose sales rate has grown considerably; seven out of ten Macs sold were laptops in 2009, a ratio projected to rise to three out of four by 2010. The change in sales of form factors is due to the desktop iMac moving from affordable G3 to upscale G4 model and subsequent releases are considered premium all-in-ones. By contrast,

3280-476: The OnePlus One . It is preinstalled on the OnePlus 2 , OnePlus X , OnePlus 3 , OnePlus 3T , OnePlus 5 , OnePlus 5T , and OnePlus 6 . As stated by Oneplus, OxygenOS is focused on stabilizing and maintaining of stock Android functionalities like those found on Nexus devices. It consists of mainly Google apps and minor UI customization to maintain the sleekness of stock Android. Google Pixel UI or Pixel Launcher

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3360-463: The parser section that deals with source code and the backend that generates code and optimizes . Some designs, such as GCC , offer choices between multiple frontends (parsing different source languages ) or backends (generating code for different target processors ). Some graphical user interface (GUI) applications running in a desktop environment are implemented as a thin frontend for underlying command-line interface (CLI) programs, to save

3440-454: The separation of concerns between the presentation layer ( frontend ), and the data access layer ( backend ) of a piece of software , or the physical infrastructure or hardware . In the client–server model , the client is usually considered the frontend and the server is usually considered the backend, even when some presentation work is actually done on the server itself. In software architecture , there may be many layers between

3520-406: The 1990s had pushed gamers and enthusiasts to frequently upgrade to the latest CPUs and graphics cards ( 3dfx , ATI , and Nvidia ) for their desktops (usually a tower case) in order to run these applications, though this has slowed since the late 2000s as the growing popularity of Intel integrated graphics forced game developers to scale back. Creative Technology 's Sound Blaster series were

3600-717: The Android One User Interface (UI) closely resembles the Google Pixel UI, due to Android One being a software experience developed by Google and distributed to partners such as Nokia Mobile (HMD) and Xiaomi . Thus, the UI is intended to be as clean as possible. Original equipment manufacturer (OEM) partners may tweak or add additional apps such as cameras to the firmware , but most of the apps are handled proprietarily by Google. Operating system updates are handled by Google and internally tested by OEMs before being distributed via an OTA update to end users . BharOS

3680-678: The Chinese electronic company Xiaomi , is a mobile operating system based on the Android Open Source Project (AOSP). It is mostly founded in Xiaomi smartphones and tablets such as the Xiaomi (formerly Mi) and Redmi Series. However, MIUI also had official ROM support for a few Android devices. Although HyperOS is based on AOSP, which is open-source, it consisted of closed-source proprietary software. A specific version of MIUI developed for Xiaomi sub-brand (Currently an independence brand) POCO ,

3760-735: The MSRP of the MacBook laptop lines have dropped through successive generations such that the MacBook Air and MacBook Pro constitute the lowest price of entry to a Mac, with the exception of the even more inexpensive Mac Mini (albeit without a monitor and keyboard), and the MacBooks are the top-selling form factors of the Macintosh platform today. The decades of development mean that most people already own desktop computers that meet their needs and have no need of buying

3840-510: The US sanctions, it is currently a fork of Android similar to FireOS instead of a compatible one. In mainland China, and internationally since 2020 due to U.S. sanctions, EMUI devices use Huawei Mobile Services such as Huawei AppGallery instead of Google Mobile Services. Aside from based on Android, Huawei also bundle the HarmonyOS microkernel in the latest EMUI update inside Android which handle other process including security authentication such as

3920-606: The United States, laptops had long been produced by contract manufacturers based in Asia, such as Foxconn . This shift led to the closure of the many desktop assembly plants in the United States by 2010. Another trend around this time was the increasing proportion of inexpensive base-configuration desktops being sold, hurting PC manufacturers such as Dell whose build-to-order customization of desktops relied on upselling added features to buyers. Battery-powered portable computers had just

4000-400: The advantage over a comparable laptop in computational capacity. Overclocking is often more feasible on a desktop than on a laptop; similarly, hardware add-ons such as discrete graphics co-processors may be possible to install only in a desktop. Frontend and backend In software engineering , the terms frontend and backend (sometimes written as back end or back-end ) refer to

4080-401: The case for laptops, though adding or replacing some parts, like the optical drive , hard disk , or adding an extra memory module is often quite simple. This means that a desktop computer configuration, usually a tower case , can be customized and upgraded to a greater extent than laptops. This customization has kept tower cases popular among gamers and enthusiasts . Another advantage of

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4160-447: The case of web and mobile frontends, the API is often based on HTTP request/response. The API is sometimes designed using the "Backend for Frontend" (BFF) pattern, that serves responses to ease the processing on frontend side. In network computing , frontend can refer to any hardware that optimizes or protects network traffic . It is called application front-end hardware because it

4240-413: The cloud. As more services and applications are served over the internet from off-site servers, local computing needs decrease, this drives desktop computers to be smaller, cheaper, and need less powerful hardware. More applications and in some cases entire virtual desktops are moved off-site and the desktop computer runs only an operating system or a shell application while the actual content is served from

4320-503: The company's Android-based devices. Serving as a successor to HTC's TouchFLO 3D software for Windows Mobile , Sense modifies many aspects of the Android user experience , incorporating added features (such as an altered home screen and keyboard), widgets , HTC-developed applications, and redesigned applications. The first device with Sense, the HTC Hero , was released in 2009. Xiaomi HyperOS or HyperOS (formerly called MIUI ), developed by

4400-469: The consumer market – rather than businessmen or computer hobbyists. Byte magazine referred to these three as the "1977 Trinity" of personal computing. Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, desktop computers became the predominant type, the most popular being the IBM PC and its clones , followed by the Apple Macintosh , with the third-placed Commodore Amiga having some success in the mid-1980s but declining by

4480-568: The desktop PC death knell" as Windows 8 offered little upgrade in desktop PC functionality over Windows 7; instead, Windows 8's innovations were mostly on the mobile side. The post-PC trend saw a decline in the sales of desktop and laptop PCs. The decline was attributed to increased power and applications of alternative computing devices, namely smartphones and tablet computers. Although most people exclusively use their smartphones and tablets for more basic tasks such as social media and casual gaming , these devices have in many instances replaced

4560-750: The desktop is that (apart from environmental concerns ) power consumption is not as critical as in laptop computers because the desktop is exclusively powered from the wall socket. Desktop computers also provide more space for cooling fans and vents to dissipate heat, allowing enthusiasts to overclock with less risk. The two large microprocessor manufacturers, Intel and AMD , have developed special CPUs for mobile computers (i.e. laptops) that consume less power and lower heat, but with lower performance levels. Laptop computers, conversely, offer portability that desktop systems (including small form factor and all-in-one desktops) cannot due to their compact size and clamshell design . The laptop's all-in-one design provides

4640-430: The early 1990s. Early personal computers , like the original IBM Personal Computer , were enclosed in a " desktop case ", horizontally oriented to have the display screen placed on top, thus saving space on the user's actual desk, although these cases had to be sturdy enough to support the weight of CRT displays that were widespread at the time. Over the course of the 1990s, desktop cases gradually became less common than

4720-627: The fingerprint authentication. /e/ is an operating system forked from the source code of LineageOS (based on Android). /e/ targets Android smart phone devices and uses MicroG as a replacement for Google Play Services . /e/OS is not completely open source software , because it comes with the proprietary Magic Earth 'Maps' app. Amazon Fire OS is a mobile operating system forked from Android and produced by Amazon for its Fire range of tablets , Echo and Echo Dot, and other content delivery devices like Fire TV (previously for their Fire Phone ). Fire OS primarily centers on content consumption, with

4800-418: The hardware and end user . The front is an abstraction, simplifying the underlying component by providing a user-friendly interface, while the back usually handles data storage and business logic . In telecommunication , the front can be considered a device or service, while the back is the infrastructure that supports provision of service. A rule of thumb is that the client-side (or "frontend")

4880-464: The highest level of shipments the PC market has seen since 2012. In addition, gaming desktops have seen a global revenue increase of 54% annually. For gaming the global market of gaming desktops, laptops, and monitors is expected to grow to 61.1 million shipments by the end of 2023, up from 42.1 million, with desktops growing from 15.1 million shipments to 19 million. PC gaming as a whole accounts for 28% of

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4960-482: The input text into a symbolic phonetic representation, and the backend converts the symbolic phonetic representation into actual sounds. In compilers , the frontend translates a computer programming source code into an intermediate representation , and the backend works with the intermediate representation to produce code in a computer output language. The backend usually optimizes to produce code that runs faster. The frontend/backend distinction can separate

5040-427: The late 2000s, and then the higher-performance Ultrabooks from 2011 onwards), which manufacturers believed had more potential to revive the PC market than desktops. In April 2017, StatCounter declared a "Milestone in technology history and end of an era" with the mobile Android operating system becoming more popular than Windows (the operating system that made desktops dominant over mainframe computers ). Windows

5120-415: The mobile device. The operating system comes with utility applications that allow users to protect their privacy, improve speed, enhance their experience, etc. XOS comes with features like XTheme, Scan to Recharge, Split Screen and XManager. Desktop computer A desktop computer , often abbreviated as desktop , is a personal computer designed for regular use at a stationary location on or near

5200-544: The more-accessible tower cases that may be located on the floor under or beside a desk rather than on a desk. Not only do these tower cases have more room for expansion, they have also freed up desk space for monitors which were becoming larger every year. Desktop cases, particularly the compact form factors, remain popular for corporate computing environments and kiosks. Some computer cases can be interchangeably positioned either horizontally (desktop) or upright (mini-tower). Influential games such as Doom and Quake during

5280-474: The overall experience of the "skin" was similar to those of standard MIUI expect during the early release of MIUI for POCO where compared to standard MIUI it has an app drawer and allowed for 3rd party Android icon customization. Whereas the current MIUI for POCO shared all the common experience with those of standard MIUI, except the icon and the POCO Launcher instead of stock MIUI Launcher. In 2024 MIUI for POCO

5360-517: The phone. Android (based on the modified Linux kernel ) is a mobile operating system developed by Open Handset Alliance. The base system is open-source (and only the kernel copyleft ), but the apps and drivers which provide functionality are increasingly becoming closed-source . Besides having the largest installed base worldwide on smartphones, it is also the most popular operating system for general purpose computers (a category that includes desktop computers and mobile devices), even though Android

5440-467: The popular desktop operating system Microsoft Windows , and smartphone use (even without tablets) outnumbers desktop use. Mobile devices, with mobile communications abilities (for example, smartphones ), contain two mobile operating systems. The main user-facing software platform is supplemented by a second low-level proprietary real-time operating system which operates the radio and other hardware. Research has shown that these low-level systems may contain

5520-490: The removal of its MicroSD . With the release of Samsung Galaxy S8 and S8+, Samsung Experience 8.1 was preinstalled on it with new functions, known as Samsung DeX. Similar to the concept of Microsoft Continuum, Samsung DeX allowed high-end Galaxy devices such as S8/S8+ or Note 8 to connect into a docking station, which extends the device to allow desktop-like functionality by connecting a keyboard, mouse, and monitor. Samsung also announced "Linux on Galaxy", which allows users to use

5600-488: The space of a whole room. Minicomputers , on the contrary, generally fit into one or a few refrigerator-sized racks, or, for the few smaller ones, built into a fairly large desk, not put on top of it. It was not until the 1970s when fully programmable computers appeared that could fit entirely on top of a desk. 1970 saw the introduction of the Datapoint 2200 , a "smart" computer terminal complete with keyboard and monitor,

5680-548: The spare parts and extensions tend to be standardized, resulting in lower prices and greater availability. For example, the size and mounting of the motherboard are standardized into ATX , microATX , BTX or other form factors . Desktops have several standardized expansion slots , like conventional PCI or PCI Express , while laptops tend to have only one mini-PCI slot and one PC Card slot (or ExpressCard slot). Procedures for assembly and disassembly of desktops tend to be simple and standardized as well. This tends not to be

5760-546: The standard Linux distribution on the DeX platform. Origin OS is a custom user interface developed by Vivo that is based on Android. It is a redesigned skin of Funtouch OS. It is currently only available in China but may someday be released globally. OxygenOS is based on the open source Android Open Source Project (AOSP) and is developed by OnePlus to replace Cyanogen OS on OnePlus devices such as

5840-583: The total gaming market as of 2017. This is partially due to the increasing affordability of desktop PCs. Full-sized desktops are characterized by separate display and processing components. These components are connected to each other by cables or wireless connections . They often come in a tower form factor. These computers are easy to customize and upgrade per user requirements, e.g. by expansion card . Early extended-size (significantly larger than mainstream ATX case) tower computers sometimes were labeled as " deskside computers ", but currently this naming

5920-416: The traditional horizontal orientation. Prior to the widespread use of microprocessors , a computer that could fit on a desk was considered remarkably small; the type of computers most commonly used were minicomputers , which, despite the name, were rather large and were "mini" only compared to the so-called " big iron ". Early computers, and later the general purpose high throughput " mainframes ", took up

6000-452: The user from learning the special terminology and memorizing the commands . Another way to understand the difference between the two is to understand the knowledge required of a frontend vs. a backend software developer . The list below focuses on web development as an example. Note that both positions, despite possibly working on one product, have a very distinct set of skills. The frontend communicates with backend through an API . In

6080-451: The user installs them. It allows Android users who can no longer obtain update support from their manufacturer to continue updating their OS version to the latest one based on official release from Google AOSP and heavy theme customization. "MagicOS" (formerly known as Magic UI and Magic Live) is a front-end touch interface developed by Honor as a subsidiary of Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd before Honor became an independent company. Magic UI

6160-401: Was a tablet-oriented release and does not officially run on mobile phones. Both phone and tablet compatibility were merged with Android 4.0 . The current Android version is Android 14 , released on October 4, 2023. Android One, a successor to Google Nexus , is a software experience that runs on the unmodified Android operating system. Unlike most of the "stock" Androids running on the market,

6240-475: Was designed to connect with a mainframe computer but that did not stop owners from using its built-in computational abilities as a stand-alone desktop computer. The HP 9800 series , which started out as programmable calculators in 1971 but was programmable in BASIC by 1972, used a smaller version of a minicomputer design based on ROM memory and had small one-line LED alphanumeric displays and displayed graphics with

6320-467: Was replaced by Xiaomi HyperOS. Indus OS is a custom mobile operating system based on the Android Open Source Project (AOSP). It is developed by the Indus OS team based in India. No longer valid as of 2018, Indus OS is available on Micromax , Intex , Karbonn , and other Indian smartphone brands. LG UX (formerly Optimus UI ) is a front-end touch interface developed by LG Electronics and partners, featuring

6400-548: Was running on BlackBerry brand devices, such as BlackBerry Priv , DTEK 50 / 60 and BlackBerry KeyOne . Currently, BlackBerry plans to license out the BlackBerry Secure to other OEMs. CalyxOS is an operating system for smartphones based on Android with mostly free and open-source software. It is produced by the Calyx Institute as part of its mission to "defend online privacy, security and accessibility." ColorOS

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