64-471: [REDACTED] Look up Mix or mix in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Mix , MIX , mixes , or mixing may refer to: Audio and music [ edit ] Audio mixing (recorded music) , the process of combining and balancing multiple sound sources DJ mix , a sequence of musical tracks mixed to appear as one continuous track Mixtape ,
128-471: A 1998 remix album by Australian singer-songwriter Kylie Minogue Mix (Stellar album) , a 1999 studio album by New Zealand pop rock band Stellar Mixes , a 2008 self-released album by C418 Computing [ edit ] Mix (build tool) , a build tool for working with the Elixir programming language MIX (email) , a high performance email storage system for use with IMAP MIX (abstract machine) ,
192-472: A 1999 studio album by New Zealand pop rock band Stellar Mixes , a 2008 self-released album by C418 Computing [ edit ] Mix (build tool) , a build tool for working with the Elixir programming language MIX (email) , a high performance email storage system for use with IMAP MIX (abstract machine) , the computer and the instruction set architecture used in the textbook The Art of Computer Programming by Donald Knuth MIX (Microsoft) ,
256-455: A Filipino cable TV channel Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Mix . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mix&oldid=1251035539 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
320-455: A Filipino cable TV channel Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Mix . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mix&oldid=1251035539 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
384-768: A commercial-free channel on XM Satellite Radio Mix (Malaysian radio station) , a radio station in Malaysia MixRadio , an online music streaming service Mix TV , a Brazilian television music channel aimed at young people Sky Sports Mix, a TV channel Sony Mix , an Indian television music channel People [ edit ] Mix Diskerud (born 1990), Norwegian-American soccer player Mix (surname) Places [ edit ] Mix camp , an informal settlement in Namibia Mix, Louisiana , an unincorporated community Mix Run, Pennsylvania , village Science [ edit ] Mixing (mathematics) ,
448-483: A compilation of songs or tracks Remix , a variation of a song Mix, short way to refer to the Mixolydian mode . Mix (magazine) , a periodical for the professional recording and sound production technology industry Albums [ edit ] Mixes (Transvision Vamp album) , 1992 Mixes (Kylie Minogue album) , a 1998 remix album by Australian singer-songwriter Kylie Minogue Mix (Stellar album) ,
512-471: A concept in ergodic theory Mixing (physics) , a descriptive condition of a dynamical system Mixing (process engineering) , a unit operation for manipulating physical systems Crossbreeding , also called mixing, a genetic concept Other [ edit ] MIX, the Roman numeral for the number 1009 or year 1009 Microfinance Information Exchange (MIX), a non-profit business information provider in
576-423: A concept in ergodic theory Mixing (physics) , a descriptive condition of a dynamical system Mixing (process engineering) , a unit operation for manipulating physical systems Crossbreeding , also called mixing, a genetic concept Other [ edit ] MIX, the Roman numeral for the number 1009 or year 1009 Microfinance Information Exchange (MIX), a non-profit business information provider in
640-450: A couple (2 or 3) millimeters down to the nanometer range. At this size range normal advection does not happen unless it is forced by a hydraulic pressure gradient. Diffusion is the dominant mechanism whereby two different fluids come together. Diffusion is a relatively slow process. Hence a number of researchers had to devise ways to get the two fluids to mix. This involved Y junctions, T junctions, three-way intersections and designs where
704-595: A discontinued annual Microsoft conference Mix network , an anonymous email system proposed by David Chaum in 1981 Malta Internet Exchange , an Internet backbone for the country of Malta Milan Internet eXchange , in Milan, Italy MIX (Z39.87): NISO Metadata for Images in XML Radio and television [ edit ] Mix FM (disambiguation) Mix (radio station) , a radio station in New Zealand MIX (XM) ,
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#1732844020840768-475: A laboratory scale, mixing is achieved by magnetic stirrers or by simple hand-shaking. Sometimes mixing in laboratory vessels is more thorough and occurs faster than is possible industrially. Magnetic stir bars are radial-flow mixers that induce solid body rotation in the fluid being mixed. This is acceptable on a small scale, since the vessels are small and mixing therefore occurs rapidly (short blend time). A variety of stir bar configurations exist, but because of
832-449: A liquid medium. The type of mixer used depends upon the properties of the phases. In some cases, the mixing power is provided by the gas itself as it moves up through the liquid, entraining liquid with the bubble plume. This draws liquid upwards inside the plume, and causes liquid to fall outside the plume. If the viscosity of the liquid is too high to allow for this (or if the solid particles are too heavy), an impeller may be needed to keep
896-700: A radio station in New Zealand MIX (XM) , a commercial-free channel on XM Satellite Radio Mix (Malaysian radio station) , a radio station in Malaysia MixRadio , an online music streaming service Mix TV , a Brazilian television music channel aimed at young people Sky Sports Mix, a TV channel Sony Mix , an Indian television music channel People [ edit ] Mix Diskerud (born 1990), Norwegian-American soccer player Mix (surname) Places [ edit ] Mix camp , an informal settlement in Namibia Mix, Louisiana , an unincorporated community Mix Run, Pennsylvania , village Science [ edit ] Mixing (mathematics) ,
960-424: A sequence of musical tracks mixed to appear as one continuous track Mixtape , a compilation of songs or tracks Remix , a variation of a song Mix, short way to refer to the Mixolydian mode . Mix (magazine) , a periodical for the professional recording and sound production technology industry Albums [ edit ] Mixes (Transvision Vamp album) , 1992 Mixes (Kylie Minogue album) ,
1024-627: A tank with baffles, which converts some of the rotational motion into vertical motion. When the solid is denser than the liquid (and therefore collects at the bottom of the tank), the impeller is rotated so that the fluid is pushed downwards; when the solid is less dense than the liquid (and therefore floats on top), the impeller is rotated so that the fluid is pushed upwards (though this is relatively rare). The equipment preferred for solid suspension produces large volumetric flows but not necessarily high shear; high flow-number turbine impellers, such as hydrofoils, are typically used. Multiple turbines mounted on
1088-640: Is a device used to mix round products including adhesives , pharmaceuticals , foods (including dough ), chemicals , solid rocket propellants , electronics , plastics and pigments . Planetary mixers are ideal for mixing and kneading viscous pastes (up to 6 million centipoise ) under atmospheric or vacuum conditions. Capacities range from 0.5 US pints (0.24 L; 0.42 imp pt) through 750 US gallons (2,800 L; 620 imp gal). Many options including jacketing for heating or cooling, vacuum or pressure, vari speed drives, etc. are available. Planetary blades each rotate on their own axes , and at
1152-415: Is close to that of the bulk. This reduces the driving force for mass transfer. If there is a (relatively) fast chemical reaction in the liquid phase, it is sometimes advantageous to disperse but not recirculate the gas bubbles, ensuring that they are in plug flow and can transfer mass more efficiently. Rushton turbines have been traditionally used to disperse gases into liquids, but newer options, such as
1216-443: Is concrete mixing, where cement, sand, small stones or gravel and water are commingled to a homogeneous self-hardening mass , used in the construction industry. Suspension of solids into a liquid is done to improve the rate of mass transfer between the solid and the liquid. Examples include dissolving a solid reactant into a solvent, or suspending catalyst particles in liquid to improve the flow of reactants and products to and from
1280-429: Is conducted with helical ribbon or anchor mixers. Mixing of liquids that are miscible or at least soluble in each other occurs frequently in engineering (and in everyday life). An everyday example would be the addition of milk or cream to tea or coffee. Since both liquids are water-based, they dissolve easily in one another. The momentum of the liquid being added is sometimes enough to cause enough turbulence to mix
1344-446: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Mix [REDACTED] Look up Mix or mix in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Mix , MIX , mixes , or mixing may refer to: Audio and music [ edit ] Audio mixing (recorded music) , the process of combining and balancing multiple sound sources DJ mix ,
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#17328440208401408-425: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Mixing (process engineering) In industrial process engineering , mixing is a unit operation that involves manipulation of a heterogeneous physical system with the intent to make it more homogeneous . Familiar examples include pumping of the water in a swimming pool to homogenize the water temperature, and
1472-408: Is done in batches (dynamic mixing), inline or with help of static mixers . Moving mixers are powered with electric motors that operate at standard speeds of 1800 or 1500 RPM, which is typically much faster than necessary. Gearboxes are used to reduce speed and increase torque. Some applications require the use of multi-shaft mixers, in which a combination of mixer types are used to completely blend
1536-709: Is generally unpractical, so it is common to perform measurements at small scale and use a "scale-up" criterion to extrapolate the RSD from small to full scale. Calculations can be performed using a computational fluid dynamics software or by using correlations built on theoretical developments, experimental measurements and/or computational fluid dynamics data. Computational fluid dynamics calculations are quite accurate and can accommodate virtually any tank and agitator designs, but they require expertise and long computation time. Correlations are easy to use but are less accurate and don't cover any possible designs. The most popular correlation
1600-472: Is highly abstract, and is a part of ergodic theory , itself a part of chaos theory . The type of operation and equipment used during mixing depends on the state of materials being mixed (liquid, semi-solid, or solid) and the miscibility of the materials being processed. In this context, the act of mixing may be synonymous with stirring-, or kneading-processes. Mixing of liquids occurs frequently in process engineering. The nature of liquids to blend determines
1664-516: Is no longer sufficient to obtain a randomly ordered mixture. The relative strong inter-particle forces form lumps, which are not broken up by the mild transportation forces in the convective mixer. To decrease the lump size additional forces are necessary; i.e. more energy intensive mixing is required. These additional forces can either be impact forces or shear forces. Liquid–solid mixing is typically done to suspend coarse free-flowing solids, or to break up lumps of fine agglomerated solids. An example of
1728-459: Is one of the oldest unit-operations in the solids handling industries. For many decades powder blending has been used just to homogenize bulk materials. Many different machines have been designed to handle materials with various bulk solids properties. On the basis of the practical experience gained with these different machines, engineering knowledge has been developed to construct reliable equipment and to predict scale-up and mixing behavior. Nowadays
1792-416: Is the cyclone , which slows the gas and causes the particles to settle out. Multiphase mixing occurs when solids, liquids and gases are combined in one step. This may occur as part of a catalytic chemical process, in which liquid and gaseous reagents must be combined with a solid catalyst (such as hydrogenation ); or in fermentation, where solid microbes and the gases they require must be well-distributed in
1856-402: Is the (dimensionless) power number, which is a function of impeller geometry; ρ {\displaystyle \rho } is the density of the fluid; N {\displaystyle N} is the rotational speed, typically rotations per second; D {\displaystyle D} is the diameter of the impeller; K p {\displaystyle K_{p}}
1920-407: Is the laminar power constant; and μ {\displaystyle \mu } is the viscosity of the fluid. Note that the mixer power is strongly dependent upon the rotational speed and impeller diameter, and linearly dependent upon either the density or viscosity of the fluid, depending on which flow regime is present. In the transitional regime, flow near the impeller is turbulent and so
1984-421: Is the production of milkshakes from liquid milk and solid ice cream. Liquids and gases are typically mixed to allow mass transfer to occur. For instance, in the case of air stripping , gas is used to remove volatiles from a liquid. Typically, a packed column is used for this purpose, with the packing acting as a motionless mixer and the air pump providing the driving force. When a tank and impeller are used,
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2048-575: Is the simpler form of mixing, or in certain cases in continuous dry-mix, more complex but which provide interesting advantages in terms of segregation, capacity and validation. One example of a solid–solid mixing process is mulling foundry molding sand, where sand, bentonite clay , fine coal dust and water are mixed to a plastic , moldable and reusable mass, applied for molding and pouring molten metal to obtain sand castings that are metallic parts for automobile, machine building, construction or other industries. In powder two different dimensions in
2112-490: Is the ‘just suspended speed’ correlation published by Zwietering (1958). It's an easy to use correlation but it is not meant for homogeneous suspension. It only provides a crude estimate of the stirring speed for ‘bad’ quality suspensions (partial suspensions) where no particle remains at the bottom for more than 1 or 2 seconds. Another equivalent correlation is the correlation from Mersmann (1998). For ‘good’ quality suspensions, some examples of useful correlations can be found in
2176-404: The interfacial area between the two fluids is maximized. Beyond just interfacing the two liquids people also made twisting channels to force the two fluids to mix. These included multilayered devices where the fluids would corkscrew, looped devices where the fluids would flow around obstructions and wavy devices where the channel would constrict and flare out. Additionally channels with features on
2240-536: The Rushton turbine for gas–liquid mixing, such as the Smith turbine and Bakker turbine. The power number is an empirical measure of the amount of torque needed to drive different impellers in the same fluid at constant power per unit volume; impellers with higher power numbers require more torque but operate at lower speed than impellers with lower power numbers, which operate at lower torque but higher speeds. A planetary mixer
2304-600: The Smith turbine and Bakker turbine are becoming more prevalent. One of the issues is that as the gas flow increases, more and more of the gas accumulates in the low pressure zones behind the impeller blades, which reduces the power drawn by the mixer (and therefore its effectiveness). Newer designs, such as the GDX impeller, have nearly eliminated this problem. Gas–solid mixing may be conducted to transport powders or small particulate solids from one place to another, or to mix gaseous reactants with solid catalyst particles. In either case,
2368-534: The computer and the instruction set architecture used in the textbook The Art of Computer Programming by Donald Knuth MIX (Microsoft) , a discontinued annual Microsoft conference Mix network , an anonymous email system proposed by David Chaum in 1981 Malta Internet Exchange , an Internet backbone for the country of Malta Milan Internet eXchange , in Milan, Italy MIX (Z39.87): NISO Metadata for Images in XML Radio and television [ edit ] Mix FM (disambiguation) Mix (radio station) ,
2432-777: The dry blend to modify the product formulation. Blending times using dry ingredients are often short (15–30 minutes) but are somewhat dependent upon the varying percentages of each component, and the difference in the bulk densities of each. Ribbon, paddle, tumble and vertical blenders are available. Many products including pharmaceuticals , foods , chemicals , fertilizers , plastics , pigments , and cosmetics are manufactured in these designs. Dry blenders range in capacity from half-cubic-foot laboratory models to 500-cubic-foot production units. A wide variety of horsepower -and-speed combinations and optional features such as sanitary finishes, vacuum construction, special valves and cover openings are offered by most manufacturers. Blending powders
2496-488: The equipment used. Single-phase blending tends to involve low-shear, high-flow mixers to cause liquid engulfment, while multi-phase mixing generally requires the use of high-shear, low-flow mixers to create droplets of one liquid in laminar , turbulent or transitional flow regimes, depending on the Reynolds number of the flow. Turbulent or transitional mixing is frequently conducted with turbines or impellers ; laminar mixing
2560-518: The fluid, it generates a combination of flow and shear. The impeller generated flow can be calculated with the following equation: Q = F l ∗ N ∗ D 3 {\displaystyle Q=Fl*N*D^{3}} Flow numbers for impellers have been published in the North American Mixing Forum sponsored Handbook of Industrial Mixing. The power required to rotate an impeller can be calculated using
2624-399: The following equations: P = P o ρ N 3 D 5 {\displaystyle P=P_{o}\rho N^{3}D^{5}} (Turbulent regime) P = K p μ N 2 D 3 {\displaystyle P=K_{p}\mu N^{2}D^{3}} (Laminar regime) P o {\displaystyle P_{o}}
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2688-439: The former is the mixing granulated sugar into water; an example of the latter is the mixing of flour or powdered milk into water. In the first case, the particles can be lifted into suspension (and separated from one another) by bulk motion of the fluid; in the second, the mixer itself (or the high shear field near it) must destabilize the lumps and cause them to disintegrate. One example of a solid–liquid mixing process in industry
2752-690: The microfinance sector MIX NYC , a nonprofit organization dedicated to queer experimental film Mix (manga) , a 2012 baseball shōnen manga series by Mitsuru Adachi The Mix (charity) , in the U.K. Mixed Doubles , also known as Mix , a 2017 Japanese film Zeekr Mix , a battery electric minivan "Mixy" or "myxy", slang for the rabbit disease myxomatosis See also [ edit ] All pages with titles beginning with Mix All pages with titles containing Mix The Mix (disambiguation) Mixe (disambiguation) Mixed (disambiguation) Mixer (disambiguation) Mixture (disambiguation) Mixx (disambiguation) Myx ,
2816-690: The microfinance sector MIX NYC , a nonprofit organization dedicated to queer experimental film Mix (manga) , a 2012 baseball shōnen manga series by Mitsuru Adachi The Mix (charity) , in the U.K. Mixed Doubles , also known as Mix , a 2017 Japanese film Zeekr Mix , a battery electric minivan "Mixy" or "myxy", slang for the rabbit disease myxomatosis See also [ edit ] All pages with titles beginning with Mix All pages with titles containing Mix The Mix (disambiguation) Mixe (disambiguation) Mixed (disambiguation) Mixer (disambiguation) Mixture (disambiguation) Mixx (disambiguation) Myx ,
2880-403: The mixing of microbes, gases and liquid medium for optimal yield; organic nitration requires concentrated (liquid) nitric and sulfuric acids to be mixed with a hydrophobic organic phase; production of pharmaceutical tablets requires blending of solid powders. The opposite of mixing is segregation . A classical example of segregation is the brazil nut effect . The mathematics of mixing
2944-416: The mixing process can be determined: convective mixing and intensive mixing. In the case of convective mixing material in the mixer is transported from one location to another. This type of mixing leads to a less ordered state inside the mixer, the components that must be mixed are distributed over the other components. With progressing time the mixture becomes more randomly ordered. After a certain mixing time
3008-408: The objective is typically to ensure that the gas bubbles remain in contact with the liquid for as long as possible. This is especially important if the gas is expensive, such as pure oxygen , or diffuses slowly into the liquid. Mixing in a tank is also useful when a (relatively) slow chemical reaction is occurring in the liquid phase, and so the concentration difference in the thin layer near the bubble
3072-432: The outside but dry on the inside. These types of materials are not easily mixed into liquid with the types of mixers preferred for solid suspension because the agglomerate particles must be subjected to intense shear to be broken up. In some ways, deagglomeration of solids is similar to the blending of immiscible liquids, except for the fact that coalescence is usually not a problem. An everyday example of this type of mixing
3136-426: The particles. The associated eddy diffusion increases the rate of mass transfer within the bulk of the fluid, and the convection of material away from the particles decreases the size of the boundary layer , where most of the resistance to mass transfer occurs. Axial-flow impellers are preferred for solid suspension because solid suspension needs momentum rather than shear, although radial-flow impellers can be used in
3200-648: The product. In addition to performing typical batch mixing operations, some mixing can be done continuously. Using a machine like the Continuous Processor, one or more dry ingredients and one or more liquid ingredients can be accurately and consistently metered into the machine and see a continuous, homogeneous mixture come out the discharge of the machine. Many industries have converted to continuous mixing for many reasons. Some of those are ease of cleaning, lower energy consumption, smaller footprint, versatility, control, and many others. Continuous mixers, such as
3264-466: The publications of Barresi (1987), Magelli (1991), Cekinski (2010) or Macqueron (2017). Machine learning can also be used to build models way more accurate than "classical" correlations. Very fine powders, such as titanium dioxide pigments, and materials that have been spray dried may agglomerate or form lumps during transportation and storage. Starchy materials or those that form gels when exposed to solvent can form lumps that are wetted on
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#17328440208403328-493: The same mixing technologies are used for many more applications: to improve product quality, to coat particles, to fuse materials, to wet, to disperse in liquid, to agglomerate, to alter functional material properties, etc. This wide range of applications of mixing equipment requires a high level of knowledge, long time experience and extended test facilities to come to the optimal selection of equipment and processes. Solid-solid mixing can be performed either in batch mixers, which
3392-529: The same shaft can reduce power draw. The degree of homogeneity of a solid-liquid suspension can be described by the RSD ( Relative Standard Deviation of the solid volume fraction field in the mixing tank). A perfect suspension would have a RSD of 0% but in practice, a RSD inferior or equal to 20% can be sufficient for the suspension to be considered homogeneous, although this is case-dependent. The RSD can be obtained by experimental measurements or by calculations. Measurements can be performed at full scale but this
3456-402: The same time on a common axis, thereby providing complete mixing in a very short timeframe. Large industrial scale planetary mixers are used in the production of solid rocket fuel for long-range ballistic missiles . They are used to blend and homgenize the components of solid rocket propellant, ensuring a consistent and stable mixture of fuel & oxidizer. ResonantAcoustic mixing (RAM)
3520-411: The small size and (typically) low viscosity of the fluid, it is possible to use one configuration for nearly all mixing tasks. The cylindrical stir bar can be used for suspension of solids, as seen in iodometry , deagglomeration (useful for preparation of microbiology growth medium from powders), and liquid–liquid blending. Another peculiarity of laboratory mixing is that the mixer rests on the bottom of
3584-410: The solid particles suspended. For liquid mixing, the nomenclature is rather standardized: Many of the equations used for determining the output of mixers are empirically derived, or contain empirically derived constants. Since mixers operate in the turbulent regime, many of the equations are approximations that are considered acceptable for most engineering purposes. When a mixing impeller rotates in
3648-456: The stirring of pancake batter to eliminate lumps (deagglomeration). Mixing is performed to allow heat and/or mass transfer to occur between one or more streams, components or phases. Modern industrial processing almost always involves some form of mixing. Some classes of chemical reactors are also mixers. With the right equipment, it is possible to mix a solid, liquid or gas into another solid, liquid or gas. A biofuel fermenter may require
3712-418: The turbulent eddies of the gas must provide enough force to suspend the solid particles, which otherwise sink under the force of gravity . The size and shape of the particles is an important consideration, since different particles have different drag coefficients , and particles made of different materials have different densities . A common unit operation the process industry uses to separate gases and solids
3776-1487: The turbulent power equation is used. The time required to blend a fluid to within 5% of the final concentration, θ 95 {\displaystyle {\theta _{95}}} , can be calculated with the following correlations: θ 95 = 5.40 P o 1 3 N ( T D ) 2 {\displaystyle {\theta _{95}}={\frac {5.40}{P_{o}^{1 \over 3}N}}({\frac {T}{D}})^{2}} (Turbulent regime) θ 95 = 34596 P o 1 3 N 2 D 2 ( μ ρ ) ( T D ) 2 {\displaystyle {\theta _{95}}={\frac {34596}{P_{o}{1 \over 3}N^{2}D^{2}}}({\frac {\mu }{\rho }})({\frac {T}{D}})^{2}} (Transitional region) θ 95 = 896 ∗ 10 3 K p − 1.69 N {\displaystyle {\theta _{95}}={\frac {896*10^{3}K_{p}^{-1.69}}{N}}} (Laminar regime) The Transitional/Turbulent boundary occurs at P o 1 3 R e = 6404 {\displaystyle P_{o}^{1 \over 3}Re=6404} The Laminar/Transitional boundary occurs at P o 1 3 R e = 186 {\displaystyle P_{o}^{1 \over 3}Re=186} At
3840-409: The twin-screw Continuous Processor, also have the ability to handle very high viscosities. A selection of turbine geometries and power numbers are shown below. Different types of impellers are used for different tasks; for instance, Rushton turbines are useful for dispersing gases into liquids, but are not very helpful for dispersing settled solids into liquid. Newer turbines have largely supplanted
3904-479: The two, since the viscosity of both liquids is relatively low. If necessary, a spoon or paddle could be used to complete the mixing process. Blending in a more viscous liquid, such as honey , requires more mixing power per unit volume to achieve the same homogeneity in the same amount of time. Dry blenders are a type of industrial mixer which are typically used to blend multiple dry components until they are homogeneous . Often minor liquid additions are made to
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#17328440208403968-406: The ultimate random state is reached. Usually this type of mixing is applied for free-flowing and coarse materials. Possible threats during macro mixing is the de-mixing of the components, since differences in size, shape or density of the different particles can lead to segregation. When materials are cohesive, which is the case with e.g. fine particles and also with wet material, convective mixing
4032-406: The vessel instead of being suspended near the center. Furthermore, the vessels used for laboratory mixing are typically more widely varied than those used for industrial mixing; for instance, Erlenmeyer flasks , or Florence flasks may be used in addition to the more cylindrical beaker . When scaled down to the microscale, fluid mixing behaves radically different. This is typically at sizes from
4096-620: The walls like notches or groves were tried. One way to know if mixing is happening due to advection or diffusion is by finding the Peclet number . It is the ratio of advection to diffusion . At high Peclet numbers (> 1), advection dominates. At low Peclet numbers (< 1), diffusion dominates. Peclet number = (flow velocity × mixing path) / diffusion coefficient At an industrial scale, efficient mixing can be difficult to achieve. A great deal of engineering effort goes into designing and improving mixing processes. Mixing at industrial scale
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