An Injera stove , also natively called mitad ( Amharic : ምጣድ), is a type of kitchen appliance used for baking injera , the traditional flatbread in Ethiopian and Eritrean cuisine . Traditionally, injera has been prepared using open-fire stoves heated with wood, straw, or dung. This has led to extreme deforestation in those regions. To alleviate this problem, injera stoves have been designed that are more efficient and that use alternative fuels, including solar , biomass , and biogas .
8-520: There are three basic types of stoves used to bake injera: the traditional open wood-burning stove, the improved efficiency wood-burning stove, and the high efficiency electric stove. In most households in Ethiopia, high demand for energy is often met with the use of biomass fuels such as wood, agricultural residue, and dung cakes, whereas electricity is used by some urban households. In Ethiopia and Eritrea, traditional injera stoves use biomass energy such as
16-417: A national biogas program. A biogas injera stove typically achieves 210°C. The average temperature required to bake injera is 180°C to 220°C, although temperatures as high as 250°C can be used. Biomass Biomass is a term used in several contexts: in the context of ecology it means living organisms, and in the context of bioenergy it means matter from recently living (but now dead) organisms. In
24-421: Is also used as a term for the mass of microorganisms that are used to produce industrial products like enzymes and medicines . Examples of emerging bioproducts or biobased products include biofuels, bioenergy, biochar , starch-based and cellulose-based ethanol , bio-based adhesives, biochemicals, bioplastics , etc. In biological wastewater treatment processes, such as the activated sludge process ,
32-449: The latter context, there are variations in how biomass is defined, e.g., only from plants, from plants and algae, from plants and animals. The vast majority of biomass used for bioenergy does come from plants. Bioenergy is a type of renewable energy that the bioenergy industry claims has the potential to assist with climate change mitigation . biomass : Material produced by the growth of microorganisms, plants or animals. Biomass
40-472: The open-fire three-stone stove, the Mirt stove (including the improved type with chimney and stand types) Burayu , Sodo , and Awuramba stoves. The average specific fuel consumption of the open fire three-stone stove is 929 g/kg of injera, Mirt stove is 535g/kg of injera, Gonziye is 617 g/kg of injera, Awuramba is 573 g/kg of injera while Sodo is 900 g/kg of injera. A solar injera stove uses solar energy to achieve
48-451: The required surface temperature of the injera baking pan or mitad . Heating may be either direct, by means of a parabolic mirror which concentrates sunlight on the underside of the mitad , or indirect, by focusing the sun's rays on a boiler to generate steam, which can be used to heat the mitad . A parabolic type solar injera baking stove was able to reach 200°C.The average surface temperature of an indirectly heated solar thermal injera stove
56-468: Was found to be 148°C when operated with atmospheric steam. While efficient electric injera stoves are available, even in urban areas, electric power is not widely available and is likely to be intermittent. For those lucky enough to enjoy reliable electric service, it is a viable option. A typical electric injera stove reaches 225 °C using 3.75 KW. The WASS electric injera stove reaches 220°C surface temperature using only 1.4 KW. A biogas Injera baking stove
64-400: Was tested using a 8.5m biogas digester. The biogas stove has better specific fuel consumption than that of the traditional "three stone", "Mirt", or "Gonzie" stoves. The biogas stove has a fuel efficiency of 57% and on average can produce 20–25 pieces of injera (500mm) per hour. Subsequently, this alternative method of baking injera from sustainable energy sources contributes to implementation of
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