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97-550: The University of Mississippi ( byname Ole Miss ) is a public research university in Oxford, Mississippi , United States, with a medical center in Jackson . It is Mississippi's oldest public university and is the state's largest by enrollment. The Mississippi Legislature chartered the university on February 24, 1844, and in 1848 admitted its first 80 students. During the Civil War ,

194-460: A Georgian architectural style ; some of the newer buildings have a more contemporary architecture. At the campus' center is " The Circle ", which consists of eight academic buildings organized around an ovaloid common. The buildings include the Lyceum (1848), the "Y" Building (1853), and six later buildings constructed in a Neoclassical Revival style. The Lyceum was the first building on the campus and

291-472: A head of government , and a Nobel Prize Laureate . Other alumni have received accolades in the arts such as Emmy Awards , Grammy Awards , and Pulitzer Prizes . Its medical center performed the first human lung transplant and animal-to-human heart transplant . The Mississippi Legislature chartered the University of Mississippi on February 24, 1844. Planners selected an isolated, rural site in Oxford as

388-578: A statue of Meredith was dedicated on campus. Two years later, the site of the 1962 riots was designated as a National Historic Landmark . The university also held a yearlong program to mark the 50th anniversary of integration in 2012. The university hosted the first presidential debate of 2008 —the first presidential debate held in Mississippi—between Senators John McCain and Barack Obama . Ole Miss retired its mascot Colonel Reb in 2003, citing its Confederate imagery. Although

485-602: A "sylvan exile" that would foster academic studies and focus. In 1845, residents of Lafayette County donated land west of Oxford for the campus and the following year, architect William Nichols oversaw construction of an academic building called the Lyceum , two dormitories, and faculty residences. On November 6, 1848, the university, offering a classical curriculum, opened to its first class of 80 students, most of whom were children of elite slaveholders, all of whom were white, and all but one of whom were from Mississippi. For 23 years,

582-525: A bachelor's degree, students must have at least 120 semester hours with passing grades and a cumulative 2.0 GPA. The university also offers graduate degrees such as PhDs and masters of art, science, and fine arts. The university maintains the Mississippi Teacher Corps , a free graduate program that educates teachers for critical-needs public schools. Taylor Medals, which were first awarded in 1905, are presented to exceptional students nominated by

679-707: A capstone project—a senior thesis—and endowed scholarships. In 1977, the university established its Center for the Study of Southern Culture with funding from the National Endowment for the Humanities , which is housed in the College of Liberal Arts. The center provides for interdisciplinary studies of Southern history and culture . In 2000, the university established the Trent Lott Leadership Institute, which

776-546: A dean oversees each school, as well as general studies and the honors college. A faculty senate advises the administration. The board of trustees of the Mississippi State Institutions of Higher Learning is the constitutional governing body that is responsible for policy and financial oversight of the University of Mississippi and the state's other seven public secondary institutions. the board consists of 12 members, who serve staggered nine-year terms and represent

873-424: A focus on epithet as a smear word,' writes David Binder, my longtime Times colleague, 'which was still a synonym for 'delineation' or 'characterization' in my big 1942 Webster's but now seems to be almost exclusively a synonym for 'derogation' or 'smear word.' ... In the past century, [epithet] blossomed as 'a word of abuse,' today gleefully seized upon to describe political smears." Descriptive bynames were given to

970-479: A gathering of segregationist students before the Lyceum became a violent mob. Segregationist rioters threw Molotov cocktails and bottles of acid , and fired guns at federal marshals and reporters. 160 marshals would be injured, with 28 receiving gunshot wounds, and two civilians—French journalist Paul Guihard and Oxford repairman Ray Gunter—were killed by gunfire. Eventually, 13,000 soldiers arrived in Oxford and quashed

1067-520: A grass-roots movement to adopt Star Wars character Admiral Ackbar of the Rebel Alliance gained significant support, Rebel Black Bear , a reference to Faulkner's short story The Bear , was selected in 2010. The Bear was replaced with another mascot, Tony the Landshark , in 2017. Beginning in 2022, football coach Lane Kiffin 's dog Juice became the de facto mascot. In 2015, the university removed

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1164-402: A law school, a school of business administration, an engineering school, and a medical school. The University of Mississippi's chief administrative officer is the chancellor , a position Glenn Boyce has held since 2019. The chancellor is supported by vice-chancellors who administer areas such as research and intercollegiate athletics. The provost oversees the university's academic affairs, and

1261-477: A modifier from the animate to the inanimate; for example, "cheerful money" and "suicidal sky". Orators take special care when using epithets so as to not use them as smear words. Orators could be accused of racial or abusive epithets if used incorrectly. American journalist William Safire discussed the use of the word in a 2008 column in The New York Times : "'I am working on a piece about nationalism with

1358-550: A path to a Navy commission. In 1954, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Brown v. Board of Education racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional. Eight years after the Brown decision, all attempts by African American applicants to enroll had failed. Shortly after the 1961 inauguration of President John F. Kennedy , James Meredith —an African American Air Force veteran and former student at Jackson State University —applied to

1455-513: A person to distinguish them from other people of the same name. In England bynames were used during the period when the use of surnames had not been extensively adopted. As an example the Domesday Book of 1086 identifies 40 individuals with the given name of "Richard". Most (40%), such as "Richard of Coursey" are identified with a locational byname, indicating where they came from, or in some cases where they lived. Others (25%), such as "Richard

1552-459: A person's name or appear in place of their name, as what might be described as a glorified nickname or sobriquet , and for this reason some linguists have argued that they should be considered as pronouns . It has also been argued that epithets are a phenomenon with the syntax–semantics interface , because they have components of both, and also a pragmatic dimension. An epithet is linked to its noun by long-established usage. Not every adjective

1649-422: A persuasive tactic. Orators have a variety of epithets that they can employ that have different meanings. The most common are fixed epithets and transferred epithets. A fixed epithet is the repetitive use of the same word or phrase for the same person or object. A transferred epithet qualifies a noun other than the person or thing it is describing. This is also known as a hypallage. This can often involve shifting

1746-547: A professor of chemistry and natural history thereafter. He also filled the chair of English literature during his time at the university. Barnard was ordained as a deacon in the Protestant Episcopal Church in 1854. In the same year he took up position as a professor of mathematics and natural philosophy at the University of Mississippi , where he eventually assumed the office of chancellor from 1856 through to

1843-467: A reference to the mythological place of birth or numinous presence at a specific sanctuary: sacrifice might be offered on one and the same occasion to Pythian Apollo ( Apollo Pythios ) and Delphic Apollo ( Apollo Delphinios ). A localizing epithet refers simply to a particular center of veneration and the cultic tradition there, as the god manifested at a particular festival, for example: Zeus Olympios, Zeus as present at Olympia, or Apollo Karneios, Apollo at

1940-514: A smaller organization led by a student director. A Phi Beta Kappa chapter was established in 2001. Epithet The word epithet also may refer to an abusive, defamatory, or derogatory word or phrase. This use is criticized by Martin Manser and other proponents of linguistic prescription . H. W. Fowler noted in 1926 that " epithet is suffering a vulgarization that is giving it an abusive imputation." Epithets are sometimes attached to

2037-657: A tutor at Yale following his graduation in 1828. He later served as a teacher at the American Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb at Hartford, Connecticut between 1831 and 1832, and at the New York Institute for the Instruction of the Deaf and Dumb between 1832 and 1838. He taught at the University of Alabama in various capacities from 1838 to 1854, where he was a professor of mathematics and natural philosophy until 1848, and

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2134-468: A word for the ritualized pregame revelry ... 'Tailgating' certainly does not do it justice". The tradition began in 1991 when cars were banned from the Grove. Prior to each game, over 2,000 red-and-blue trash cans are placed throughout the Grove. This event is known as "Trash Can Friday". Each barrel marks a tailgating spot. The spots are claimed by tailgaters, who erect a "tent city" of 2,500 shelters. Many of

2231-446: Is " Apollo , [as] leader of the Muses " and therefore patron of the arts and sciences, while Phoibos Apollo is the same deity, but as shining sun-god. " Athena protects the city as polias , oversees handicrafts as ergane , joins battle as promachos and grants victory as nike ." Alternatively, the epithet may identify a particular and localized aspect of the god, such as

2328-413: Is 85.7 percent. In 2020, the student body included over 1,100 transfer students. Are You Ready? Hell Yeah! Damn Right! Hotty Toddy, Gosh Almighty, Who The Hell Are We? Hey! Flim Flam, Bim Bam Ole Miss By Damn! — The Hotty Toddy chant A common greeting on campus is "Hotty Toddy!", which is also used in the school chant. The phrase has no explicit meaning and its origin is unknown. The chant

2425-683: Is also sometimes called antonomasia , as a Cicero for an orator. The use of a father's name or ancestor's name, such as "Pelides" in the case of Achilles, or "Saturnia" in the case of the goddess Juno in Virgil's Aeneid , is specifically called a patronymic device and is in its own class of epithet. In William Shakespeare 's play Romeo and Juliet , epithets are used in the prologue, such as "star-cross'd lovers" and "death-mark'd love." Epithets were in layman's terms glorified nicknames that could be used to represent one's style, artistic nature, or even geographical reference. They originated to simply serve

2522-443: Is an epithet. An epithet is especially recognizable when its function is largely decorative, such as if "cloud-gathering Zeus" is employed other than in reference to conjuring up a storm. "The epithets are decorative insofar as they are neither essential to the immediate context nor modeled especially for it. Among other things, they are extremely helpful to fill out a half-verse", Walter Burkert has noted. Some epithets are known by

2619-688: Is listed on the National Register of Historic Places . Ole Miss is classified as "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity". It is one of 33 institutions participating in the National Sea Grant Program and also participates in the National Space Grant College and Fellowship Program. Its research efforts include the National Center for Physics Acoustics, the National Center for Natural Products Research, and

2716-485: Is located north of the main campus. North Mississippi Japanese Supplementary School, a Japanese weekend school , is operated in conjunction with Ole Miss, with classes held on campus. It opened in 2008 and was jointly established by several Japanese companies and the university. Many children have parents who are employees at Toyota facilities in Blue Springs . In 1903, the University of Mississippi School of Medicine

2813-583: Is named after alumnus and then- US Senate majority leader Trent Lott . The institute was funded with large corporate donations from MCI Inc. , Lockheed Martin , and other companies. In addition to leadership initiatives, the institute offers a BA degree in Public Policy Leadership. The Center for Intelligence and Security Studies (CISS) delivers academic programming on intelligence analysis and engages in applied research and consortium building with government, private, and academic partners. In 2012,

2910-572: The epitheton Comes as companion of another (usually major) divinity. An epithet can even be meant for collective use, e.g., in Latin pilleati , "the felt hat-wearers" for the brothers Castor and Pollux . Some epithets resist explanation. Catholics, Eastern Orthodox Christians, and Christians of other churches practice the use of epithets in the veneration of Jesus (e.g., "Christ"; " Prince of Peace "; " The Good Shepherd "), of Mary, Mother of Jesus (e.g., " Mother of God "; " Panagia "), and of

3007-566: The Public Accounting Report . Since 2012, the Chronicle of Higher Education has named the University of Mississippi as one of the "Great Colleges to Work For". In the 2018 results, released in the Chronicle ' s annual report on "The Academic Workplace", the university was among 84 institutions honored from the 253 colleges and universities surveyed. In 2018, the university's campus

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3104-668: The Acoustical Society of America 's archives. The university also operates the University of Mississippi Field Station, which includes 223 research ponds and supports long-term ecological research, and hosts the Mississippi Center for Supercomputing Research and the Mississippi Law Research Institute. In 2012, the university completed Insight Park , a research park that "welcomes companies commercializing University of Mississippi research". Honors education at

3201-610: The American Institute in 1872. He also gained membership in the American Philosophical Society in 1871. He served as the 10th President of Columbia College (now Columbia University ) in New York City, holding office for an unprecedented term of 25 years from 1864 to 1889 - longer than that of any of his predecessors. During this period the college experienced rapid growth. New departments were established;

3298-645: The Mississippi State Flag , which included the Confederate battle emblem, and in 2020, it relocated a prominent Confederate monument. The University of Mississippi's Oxford campus is partially located in Oxford and partially in University, Mississippi , a census-designated place . The main campus is situated at an altitude of around 500 feet (150 m), and has expanded from one square mile (260 ha) of land to around 1,200 acres (1.9 sq mi; 490 ha). The campus' buildings are largely designed in

3395-808: The Southern Hemisphere , and in 1863 he supervised the publication of maps and charts of the United States Coast Survey . He was elected as an Associate Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1860; as president of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 1866, as a member of the Board of Experts of the American Bureau of Mines in 1865, and as a member of

3492-816: The United States Director of National Intelligence designated CISS as an Intelligence Community Center of Academic Excellence (CAE), becoming one of 29 such college programs in the United States. Other special programs include the Haley Barbour Center for Manufacturing Excellence—established jointly by the university and Toyota in 2008—and the Chinese Language Flagship Program ( simplified Chinese : 中文旗舰项目 ; traditional Chinese : 中文旗艦項目 ; pinyin : Zhōngwén Qíjiàn Xiàngmù ). The Croft Institute for International Studies , which

3589-520: The University of Mississippi from 1856 to 1861. He assumed office as President of Columbia University in 1864, where he presided over a series of improvements to the university until his death in 1889. He was also known as an author of academic texts. He was born on May 5, 1809, in Sheffield, Massachusetts. His brother, John G. Barnard , was a career officer in the United States Army who served as

3686-515: The "Bilbo purge". Bilbo's actions severely damaged the university's reputation, leading to the temporary loss of its accreditation. Consequently, in 1944, the Constitution of Mississippi was amended to protect the university's board of trustees from political pressure. During World War II , the University of Mississippi was one of 131 colleges and universities that participated in the national V-12 Navy College Training Program , which offered students

3783-638: The 1930s, the many building projects at the campus were largely funded by the Public Works Administration and other federal entities. Among the notable buildings built in this period is the dual-domed Kennon Observatory (1939). Two large modern buildings—the Ole Miss Union (1976) and Lamar Hall (1977)—caused controversy by diverging from the university's traditional architecture. In 1998, the Gertrude C. Ford Foundation donated $ 20 million to establish

3880-416: The 2023–2024 academic year, the student body consists of 18,533 undergraduates and 2,264 in graduate programs. Around 57 percent of the undergraduate student body were female. As of Fall 2023, minorities composed 23.5 percent of the body. The median family income of students is $ 116,600, and over half of students come from the top 20 percent. According to The New York Times , the University of Mississippi has

3977-741: The 33 colleges and universities participating in the National Sea Grant Program and participates in the National Space Grant College and Fellowship Program . Since 1948, the university has been a member of the Oak Ridge Associated Universities . In 1963, University of Mississippi Medical Center surgeons, led by James Hardy , performed the world's first human lung transplant, and in 1964 the world's first animal-to-human heart transplant. Because Hardy researched transplantation, consisting of primate studies during

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4074-598: The ASB Senate in the spring semester and leftover seats are voted on in open-seat elections in the fall. Senators can represent registered student organizations such as the Greek councils and sports clubs, or they can run to represent their academic school. The University of Mississippi's marching band The Pride of the South performs in-concert and at athletic events. The band was formally organized in 1928, but it existed before that date as

4171-542: The Fifth Circuit held both Barnett and Johnson Jr. in contempt, and issued fines exceeding $ 10,000 for each day they refused to enroll Meredith. On September 30, 1962, President Kennedy dispatched 127 U.S. Marshals , 316 deputized U.S. Border Patrol agents, and 97 federalized Federal Bureau of Prisons personnel to escort Meredith. After nightfall, far-right former Major General Edwin Walker and outside agitators arrived, and

4268-624: The Gertrude C. Ford Center for the Performing Arts, which was the first building on campus to be solely dedicated to the performing arts. As of 2020, the university was constructing a 202,000-square-foot (18,800 m) STEM facility, the largest single construction project in the campus' history. The university owns and operates the University of Mississippi Museum , which comprises collections of American fine art, Classical antiquities, and Southern folk art, as well as historic properties in Oxford. Ole Miss also owns University-Oxford Airport , which

4365-504: The Heavenly & Zeus the Protector of Guests" all the way to " Johnny Football & King James". American comic books tend to give epithets to superheroes , such as The Phantom being "The Ghost Who Walks", Superman called "The Man of Steel", and "The Dynamic Duo" Batman and Robin , who are individually known as "The Dark Knight" and "The Boy Wonder". Additionally, epíteto ,

4462-704: The Latin term epitheton necessarium , as they are required to distinguish the bearers, as an alternative to numbers after a prince's name—such as Richard the Lionheart ( Richard I of England ), or Charles the Fat alongside Charles the Bald . The same epithet can be used repeatedly joined to different names, such as Alexander the Great as well as Constantine the Great . Other epithets can easily be omitted without serious risk of confusion and are therefore known as epitheton ornans . Thus,

4559-736: The Mississippi Center for Supercomputing Research. The university operates the country's only federally contracted Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved cannabis facility. It also operates interdisciplinary institutes such as the Center for the Study of Southern Culture . Its athletic teams compete as the Ole Miss Rebels in the National Collegiate Athletic Association 's (NCAA) Division I Southeastern Conference . The university's alumni, faculty, and affiliates include 27 Rhodes Scholars , 10 governors , 5 US senators ,

4656-570: The Olympian Gods with Zeus . But in specific cults there may be a different equation, based on one specific aspect of the divinity. Thus, the Greek word Trismegistos ("thrice grand") was first used as a Greek name for the Egyptian god of science and invention, Thoth , later as an epitheton for the Greek Hermes and, finally, the fully equated Roman Mercurius Mercury (both were messenger of

4753-408: The Oxford campus and UMMC. The University of Mississippi is the state's largest university by enrollment and is considered the state's flagship university. In 2015, the student-faculty ratio was 19:1. Of its classes, 47.4 percent have fewer than 20 students. The most popular subjects include marketing, education and teaching, accountancy, finance, pharmaceutical sciences, and administration. To receive

4850-757: The SEC Symposium on renewable energy in Atlanta , Georgia, which was organized and led by the University of Georgia and the UGA Bioenergy Systems Research Institute . In 2021, actor Morgan Freeman and Professor Linda Keena donated $ 1 million to the University of Mississippi to create the Center for Evidence-Based Policing and Reform, which will provide law-enforcement training and seek to improve engagement between law enforcement and communities. In U.S. News & World Report ' s 2023 rankings,

4947-535: The Spanish version of epithet, is commonly used throughout poems in Castilian literature. In many polytheistic religions, such as those of ancient India and Iran (the most ancient of which go back to a common Indo-Iranian period), Greece and Rome, a deity's epithets generally reflected a particular aspect of that god's essence and role, for which their influence may be obtained for a specific occasion: Apollo Musagetes

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5044-626: The Spartan Carneian festival . Often the epithet is the result of fusion of the Olympian divinity with an older one. Poseidon Erechtheus and Artemis Orthia reflect intercultural equations of a divinity with an older one that is generally considered its pendan. Thus, most Roman gods and goddesses, especially the Twelve Olympians , had traditional counterparts in Greek, Etruscan, and most other Mediterranean pantheons, such as Jupiter as head of

5141-529: The University of Mississippi was tied for 163rd place among national universities and 88th among public universities. In 2023, Bloomberg Businessweek ranked the professional MBA program at the School of Business Administration #72 nationally, and the online MBA program in the top 25. As of 2018, all three degree programs at the Patterson School of Accountancy were among the top 10 accounting programs according to

5238-631: The University of Mississippi, consisting of lectures by distinguished academics, began in 1953. In 1974, this program became the University Scholars Program, and in 1983, the University Honors Program was created and honors-core courses were offered. In 1997, Netscape CEO Jim Barksdale and wife Sally donated $ 5.4 million to establish the Sally McDonnell Barksdale Honors College (SMBHC), which provides

5335-444: The University of Mississippi. After months of obstruction by Mississippi officials, the U.S. Supreme Court ordered Meredith's enrollment, and the Department of Justice under Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy entered the case on Meredith's behalf. On three occasions, either governor Ross R. Barnett or lieutenant governor Paul B. Johnson Jr. physically blocked Meredith's entry to the campus. The United States Court of Appeals for

5432-549: The argument had been stated at length." With persuasion being a key component of rhetoric, it is rational to use epithets. The use of persuasive wording gives leverage to one's arguments. Knowledge along with descriptive words or phrases can be a powerful tool. This is supported in Bryan Short's article when he states, "The New Rhetoric derives its empiricist flavor from a pervasive respect for clarity and directness of language." Rhetoricians use epithets to direct their audience to see their point of view, using verbal forms of imagery as

5529-415: The board of trustees awarded Barnard a doctorate of divinity . Within six months, the campus had been converted into a Confederate hospital; the Lyceum was used as the hospital and a building that had stood on the modern-day site of Farley Hall operated as its morgue. In November 1862, the campus was evacuated as General Ulysses S. Grant 's Union forces approached. Although Kansan troops destroyed much of

5626-400: The board was the university head's title being changed to "chancellor". Barnard was a Massachusetts-born graduate of Yale University ; his northern background and Union sympathies made his position contentious—a student assaulted his slave and the state legislature investigated him. Following the election of US President Abraham Lincoln in 1860, Mississippi became the second state to secede;

5723-443: The bulk of his estate was left to Columbia College . Barnard strove to extend educational privileges to women that were normally reserved for men, and the establishment of Barnard Women's College , following his death, was done so in his honor. Oliver-Barnard Hall, on the University of Alabama campus, is partly named in his honor. Barnard Observatory , one of the few buildings of the University of Mississippi that survived

5820-403: The butler" and "Richard the bald" are identified with an occupational or a personally descriptive byname. Some of the individuals, such as Richard Basset , made use of what would now be recognized as a surname. The distinction between a byname and a surname is that the byname is not usually heritable, and may change for any given person as his circumstances change. Richard the Bald, for example,

5917-446: The chancellor declared that he and the entire faculty would resign rather than admit "negro" students. In 1882, the university began admitting women but they were not permitted to live on campus or attend law school. In 1885, the University of Mississippi hired Sarah McGehee Isom , becoming the first southeastern US college to hire a female faculty member. Nearly 100 years later, in 1981, the Sarah Isom Center for Women and Gender Studies

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6014-494: The classical Roman author Virgil systematically called his main hero pius Aeneas , the epithet being pius , meaning religiously observant, humble and wholesome, as well as calling the armsbearer of Aeneas fidus Achates , the epithet being fidus , which means faithful or loyal. Epithets are characteristic of the style of ancient epic poetry , notably in that of Homer or the northern European sagas (see above, as well as epithets in Homer ). When James Joyce uses

6111-462: The co-editor-in-chief of Johnson's New Universal Cyclopaedia (1876), alongside Arnold Henry Guyot . Other texts authored by Barnard, include Treatise on Arithmetic (1830), Analytical Grammar with Symbolic Illustration (1836), Letters on Collegiate Government (1855), History of the United States Coast Survey (1857), Recent Progress in Science (1869), and The Metric System (1871). He died on April 27, 1889, in New York City. In his will,

6208-491: The elective system was greatly extended, greater provisions were made for graduate study and original research, and enrolment increased from approximately 150 students to over 1000. Barnard himself served as a scholar of English and the classics , and as an expert in the fields of mathematics, physics, and chemistry. He was known as a skilled public speaker, with his annual reports to the Board of Trustees including valuable discussions of educational problems. He also served as

6305-400: The faculty. The medals are named in honor of Marcus Elvis Taylor , who graduated in 1871 and are given to less than one percent of each class. Ole Miss is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity". According to the National Science Foundation , the university spent $ 137 million on research and development in 2018, ranking it 142nd in the nation. It is one of

6402-455: The gods). Among the Greeks, T.H. Price notes that the nurturing power of Kourotrophos might be invoked in sacrifices and recorded in inscription, without specifically identifying Hera or Demeter . Some epithets were applied to several deities of the same pantheon rather accidentally if they had a common characteristic, or deliberately, emphasizing their blood or other ties. Thus, in pagan Rome, several divinities gods and heroes were given

6499-410: The inaugural Faulkner and Yoknapatawpha Conference in 1974. In 1980, Willie Morris became the university's first writer in residence. In 2002, Ole Miss marked the 40th anniversary of integration with a yearlong series of events, including an oral history of the university, symposiums, a memorial, and a reunion of federal marshals who served at the campus. In 2006, the 44th anniversary of integration,

6596-522: The medical equipment, a lone remaining professor persuaded Grant against burning the campus. Grant's forces left after three weeks and the campus returned to being a Confederate hospital. Over the war's course, more than 700 soldiers were buried on campus. The University of Mississippi reopened in October 1865. To avoid rejecting veterans, the university lowered admission standards and decreased costs by eliminating tuition and allowing students to live off-campus. The student body remained entirely white: in 1870

6693-442: The mill", while another might be described as "John Smith the short". Frederick Augustus Porter Barnard Frederick Augustus Porter Barnard (May 5, 1809 – April 27, 1889) was an American academic and educator who served as the 10th President of Columbia University . Born in Sheffield, Massachusetts , he graduated from Yale University in 1828 and served in a succession of academic appointments, including as Chancellor of

6790-455: The now-voluntary literary societies diminished. Turn-of-the-20th-century student organizations included Cotillion Club, the elite Stag Club, and German Club. In the 1890s, the local YMCA began publishing a list of the organizations in the M-Book . As of 2021, the handbook was still provided to students. The Associated Student Body (ASB), which was established in 1917, is the university's student government organization. Students are elected to

6887-410: The orator. "It will generally happen, that the Epithets employed by a skillful orator, will be found to be, in fact, so many abridged arguments, the force of which is sufficiently conveyed by a mere hint; e.g., if any one says, 'We ought to take warning from the bloody revolution of France,' the Epithet suggests one of the reasons for our being warned; and that, not less clearly, and more forcibly, than if

6984-491: The outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861, when he resigned due to his Unionist sympathies. During his time at the university he was subject to scrutiny from the board of trustees for taking the testimony of a slave against that of a student who had allegedly assaulted her. He was sent to Labrador in 1860 to observe an eclipse of the sun ; in 1862 he worked on the reduction of Gilliss 's observations of stars in

7081-401: The phrase "the snot-green sea" he is playing Homer's familiar epithet "the wine-dark sea". The phrase "Discreet Telemachus " is also considered an epithet. The Greek term antonomasia , in rhetoric, means substituting any epithet or phrase for a proper name, as "Pelides", signifying the "son of Peleus", to identify Achilles . An opposite substitution of a proper name for some generic term

7178-465: The previous nine years, the heart of a chimpanzee was used for the transplant. In 1965, the university established its Medicinal Plant Garden, which the School of Pharmacy uses for drug research. Since 1968, the school has operated the only legal marijuana farm and production facility in the United States. The National Institute on Drug Abuse contracts to the university production of cannabis for use in approved research studies and for distribution to

7275-429: The purpose of dealing with names that were hard to pronounce or just unpleasant. It from there went to something that could be very significant assigned by elders or counterparts to represent one's position in the community, or it could be a representation of whomever one wanted to be or thought he was. The elegance of this movement was used throughout history and even modern day, with many examples ranging from "Aphrodite

7372-548: The riot. One-third of the federal officers—166 men—were injured, as were 40 federal soldiers and National Guardsmen. More than 30,000 personnel were deployed, alerted, and committed in Oxford—the most in American history for a single disturbance. Meredith enrolled and attended a class on October 1. By 1968, Ole Miss had around 100 African American students, and by the 2019–2020 academic year, African Americans constituted 12.5 percent of

7469-536: The saints (e.g., " Pope Saint John Paul the Great , Saint Theophan the Recluse "). " Our Lady of Lourdes " is essentially periphrasis , except where some aspect of the Virgin is invoked. An epithet is an adjective or adjectival phrase that characterizes a place, a thing, or a person that helps make the characteristics of this thing more prominent. These descriptive phrases can be used in a positive or negative way that benefits

7566-541: The seven surviving medical marijuana patients grandfathered into the Compassionate Investigational New Drug program . The facility is the only source of marijuana medical researchers can use to conduct Food and Drug Administration -approved tests. The National Center for Physics Acoustics (NCPA), which Congress established in 1986, is located on campus. In addition to conducting research, the NCPA houses

7663-629: The seventh-highest share of students from the economic top-one percent among selective public schools. The median starting salary of a graduate is $ 47,700, according to US News . Although 54 percent of undergraduates are from Mississippi, the student body is geographically diverse. As of late 2020, the university's undergraduates represented all 82 counties in Mississippi, 49 states, the District of Columbia , and 86 countries. The average freshman retention rate, an indicator of student success and satisfaction,

7760-465: The state's three Supreme Court Districts. The board appoints the commissioner of higher education, who administers its policies. As of April 2021, the University of Mississippi's endowment was $ 775 million. The university's budget for fiscal year 2019 was over $ 540 million. Less than 13% of operating revenues are funded by the state of Mississippi, and the university relies heavily on private donations. The Ford Foundation has donated nearly $ 65 million to

7857-413: The student body. In 1972, Ole Miss purchased Rowan Oak , the former home of Nobel Prize –winning writer William Faulkner . The building has been preserved as it was at Faulkner's death in 1962. Faulkner was the university's postmaster in the early 1920s and wrote As I Lay Dying (1930) at the university powerhouse. His Nobel Prize medallion is displayed in the university library. The university hosted

7954-587: The superintendent of the United States Military Academy and later as a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Barnard had a hereditary form of deafness that intensified in his later years, along with his brother and most of his family. He graduated from Yale University in 1828, where he pursued astronomical studies and was a member of the Linonian Society . Barnard became

8051-572: The tents are extravagant, feature chandeliers and fine china, and typically host meals of Southern cuisine . To accommodate the crowds, the university maintains elaborate portable bathrooms on 18-wheeler platforms known as "Hotty Toddy Potties". The University of Mississippi's first sanctioned student organizations, literary societies the Hermaean Society and the Phi Sigma Society, were established in 1849. Weekly meetings, of which attendance

8148-580: The university operated as a Confederate hospital and narrowly avoided destruction by Ulysses S. Grant 's forces. In 1962, during the civil rights movement , a race riot occurred on campus when segregationists tried to prevent the enrollment of African American student James Meredith . The university has since taken measures to improve its image. The university is closely associated with writer William Faulkner and owns and manages his former Oxford home Rowan Oak , which with other on-campus sites Barnard Observatory and Lyceum–The Circle Historic District ,

8245-486: The university was Mississippi's only public institution of higher learning and for 110 years, its only comprehensive university. In 1854, the University of Mississippi School of Law was established, becoming the fourth state-supported law school in the United States. Early president Frederick A. P. Barnard sought to increase the university's stature, placing him in conflict with the more-conservative board of trustees. The only result of Barnard's hundred-page 1858 report to

8342-493: The university's mathematics professor Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar drafted the articles of secession . Students organized into a military company called the " University Greys ", which became Company A, 11th Mississippi Infantry Regiment in the Confederate States Army . Within a month of the Civil War 's outbreak, only five students remained at the university, and by late 1861, it was closed. In its final action,

8439-470: The university. Between 1900 and 1930, the Mississippi Legislature introduced bills aiming to relocate, close, or merge the university with Mississippi State University . All such legislation failed. During the 1930s, the governor of Mississippi Theodore G. Bilbo was politically hostile toward the University of Mississippi, firing administrators and faculty, and replacing them with his friends in

8536-801: Was designed to house the world's largest telescope. Due to the Civil War's outbreak, however, the telescope was never delivered and was instead acquired by Northwestern University . The observatory was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. The first major building built after the Civil War was Ventress Hall, which was constructed in a Victorian Romanesque style in 1889. From 1929 to 1930, architect Frank P. Gates designed 18 buildings on campus, mostly in Georgian Revival architectural style , including (Old) University High School, Barr Hall, Bondurant Hall, Farley Hall (also known as Lamar Hall), Faulkner Hall, and Wesley Knight Field House. During

8633-463: Was established in 1956 and since then, other health-related schools have been added. As of 2021, UMMC offers medical and graduate degrees. In addition to the medical center, the university has satellite campuses in Booneville, DeSoto, Grenada, Rankin, and Tupelo. The University of Mississippi consists of 15 schools. The largest undergraduate school is the College of Liberal Arts. Graduate schools include

8730-502: Was established in her honor. The university's byname "Ole Miss" was first used in 1897, when it won a contest of suggestions for a yearbook title. The term originated as a title domestic slaves used to distinguish the mistress of a plantation from "young misses". Fringe origin theories include it coming from a diminutive of "Old Mississippi", or from the name of the "Ole Miss" train that ran from Memphis to New Orleans . Within two years, students and alumni were using "Ole Miss" to refer to

8827-416: Was established on the Oxford campus. It offered only two years of medical courses; students had to attend an out-of-state medical school to complete their degrees. This form of medical education continued until 1955, when the University of Mississippi Medical Center (UMMC) was established on a 164-acre (66 ha) site in Jackson, Mississippi , and the School of Medicine was relocated there. A nursing school

8924-464: Was expanded with two wings in 1903. According to the university, the Lyceum's bell is the oldest academic bell in the United States. Near the Circle is The Grove , a 10-acre (4.0 ha) plot of land that was set aside by chancellor Robert Burwell Fulton c.  1893 , and hosts up to 100,000 tailgaters during home games. Barnard Observatory , which was constructed under Chancellor Barnard in 1859,

9021-469: Was first published in 1926, but "Hotty Toddy" was spelled "Heighty Tighty"; this early spelling has led some to suggest it originated with Virginia Tech 's regimental band, The Heighty Tighties. Other proposed origins are " hoity-toity ", meaning snobbish, and the alcoholic drink hot toddy . On football game days, the Grove, a 10-acre (4.0 ha) plot of trees, hosts an elaborate tailgating tradition; according to The New York Times , "Perhaps there isn't

9118-538: Was founded in 1998, provides the only international studies undergraduate program in Mississippi. The University of Mississippi is a member of the SEC Academic Consortium, which has since been renamed SECU . The collaborative initiative was designed to promote research, scholarship, and achievement among the member universities in the Southeastern Conference . In 2013, the university participated in

9215-457: Was mandatory, were held in the Lyceum until 1853 and then in the chapel. With the university's emphasis on rhetoric, student-organized public orations on the first Monday of every month were popular. Studies were sometimes canceled so students could attend speeches of visiting politicians such as Jefferson Davis and William L. Sharkey . In the 1890s, extracurricular and nonintellectual activities proliferated on campus, and interest in oratory and

9312-455: Was presumably not always bald, and Richard of Brampton may not have always lived at Brampton. The use of bynames did not end with the adoption of surnames. In some cases, before the adoption of middle names, government records, such as taxes lists, included people with both the same given name and the same surname. This led to the use of bynames to further distinguish the person. For example, one "John Smith" might be described as "John Smith of

9409-465: Was ranked the second-safest in the SEC and one of the safest in the U.S. As of 2019, the university has had 27 Rhodes Scholars . Since 1998, it has 10 Goldwater Scholars , seven Truman Scholars , 18 Fulbright Scholars , one Marshall Scholar , three Udall Scholars , two Gates Cambridge Scholars , one Mitchell Scholar , 19 Boren Scholars , one Boren fellow , and one German Chancellor Fellowship . As of

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