The Millbrook Commonwealth Action Programme on the Harare Declaration , sometimes abbreviated to just Millbrook , is a policy programme of the Commonwealth of Nations , designed to implement and uphold the Harare Declaration , which sets out the basic political membership criteria of the Commonwealth. The programme was agreed and announced on 12 November 1995 at Millbrook Resort , near Queenstown , New Zealand , at the conclusion of the fourteenth Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting .
8-582: Millbrook introduces compulsory adherence to the Harare principles, and, in enforcing them, includes aspects of both carrot and stick approaches. The programme encourages the membership to empower the Commonwealth Secretariat to provide incentives for upholding the core political values of the Harare Declaration: democracy , rule of law , and good governance . However, the programme also allows
16-417: The "carrot and stick" come from authors in the mid-19th century who in turn wrote in reference to a caricature or cartoon of the time that depicted a race between donkey riders, with the losing jockey using the strategy of beating his steed with "blackthorn twigs" to urge it forward; meanwhile, the winner of the race has tied a carrot to the end of his stick and simply sits in his saddle relaxing and dangling
24-698: The Harare Declaration, Millbrook established the Commonwealth Ministerial Action Group (CMAG), which has the responsibility to examine cases of potential breaches and to recommend appropriate action to be taken by the Secretariat. Convened by the Secretary-General and consisting of Foreign Minister (or equivalent) of eight members, the composition, terms of reference, and operative functions of CMAG are reviewed every two years under
32-455: The Secretariat to employ bilateral and multilateral punishments against intransigent members. For serious or persistent offending countries, suspension and expulsion from the Commonwealth altogether are permitted. The programme cites an unconstitutional coup d'état against a democratically elected government as a particularly serious violation. To help monitor and enforce adherence to
40-518: The carrot in front of his donkey. In fact, in some oral traditions, turnips were used instead of carrots as the donkey's temptation. Decades later, the idea appeared in a letter from Winston Churchill , dated July 6, 1938: "Thus, by every device from the stick to the carrot, the emaciated Austrian donkey is made to pull the Nazi barrow up an ever-steepening hill." The Southern Hemisphere caught up in 1947 and 1948 amid Australian newspaper commentary about
48-546: The need to stimulate productivity following World War II . The earliest uses of the idiom in widely available U.S. periodicals were in The Economist 's December 11, 1948 issue and in a Daily Republic newspaper article that same year that discussed Russia's economy. In the German language, as well as Russian and Ukrainian, a related idiom translates as pastry and whip . In Mexico , president and dictator Porfirio Diaz
56-414: The programme. This government of New Zealand–related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Carrot and stick The phrase " carrot and stick " is a metaphor for when two different methods of incentivisation are simultaneously employed; the "carrot", referring to the promising and giving of desired rewards in exchange for cooperation; and the "stick", referring to
64-416: The threat of undesired consequences in response to noncompliance or to compel compliance. In politics , the terms are respectively analogous to the concepts of soft and hard power . A political example of a carrot may be the promise of foreign aid or military support , while the stick may be the threat of military action or imposition of economic sanctions . The earliest English-language references to
#796203