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63-417: The Military Working Dog Teams National Monument consists of five bronze sculptures (four dogs and dog handler) seated on a large granite pedestal inscribed, "Guardians of America's Freedom." The center sculpture is a highly detailed 9-foot modern day Military Working Dog Handler wearing combat gear and holding a dog leash in his left hand and a M4 rifle in his right hand. The remaining sculptures are four of

126-511: A helmet . The sculpture represents a Vietnam era dog handler and his working dog. A significant feature is the dog's paw resting on the thigh of his hander accentuating their bonding relationship. The water fountain idea was conceived of by John Burnam and sculpted by artist Paula Slater as a means to honor and remember the dogs left behind at the end of the Vietnam War and to depict our commitment to never leave another dog behind. The water fountain

189-475: A patina , a process that allows some control over the colour and finish. Another form of sculptural art that uses bronze is ormolu , a finely cast soft bronze that is gilded (coated with gold) to produce a matte gold finish. Ormolu was popularized in the 18th century in France and is found in such forms as wall sconces (wall-mounted candle holders), inkstands, clocks and garnitures . Ormolu wares can be identified by

252-426: A patina , a process that allows some control over the colour and finish. Another form of sculptural art that uses bronze is ormolu , a finely cast soft bronze that is gilded (coated with gold) to produce a matte gold finish. Ormolu was popularized in the 18th century in France and is found in such forms as wall sconces (wall-mounted candle holders), inkstands, clocks and garnitures . Ormolu wares can be identified by

315-449: A clear ring when tapped, showing that they are made of bronze, not a cheaper alloy such as spelter or pewter . Bronze sculptures Bronze is the most popular metal for cast metal sculptures ; a cast bronze sculpture is often called simply "a bronze". It can be used for statues, singly or in groups, reliefs , and small statuettes and figurines , as well as bronze elements to be fitted to other objects such as furniture. It

378-406: A number of mechanical applications. Historical bronzes are highly variable in composition, as most metalworkers probably used whatever scrap was on hand; the metal of the 12th-century English Gloucester Candlestick is bronze containing a mixture of copper, zinc, tin, lead, nickel, iron, antimony, arsenic with an unusually large amount of silver – between 22.5% in the base and 5.76% in

441-406: A number of mechanical applications. Historical bronzes are highly variable in composition, as most metalworkers probably used whatever scrap was on hand; the metal of the 12th-century English Gloucester Candlestick is bronze containing a mixture of copper, zinc, tin, lead, nickel, iron, antimony, arsenic with an unusually large amount of silver – between 22.5% in the base and 5.76% in

504-431: A plaster is a means of preserving the artwork until a patron may be found to finance a bronze casting, either from the original moulds or from a new mould made from the refined plaster positive. Once a production mould is obtained, a wax (hollow for larger sculptures) is then cast from the mould. For a hollow sculpture, a core is then cast into the void, and is retained in its proper location (after wax melting) by pins of

567-431: A plaster is a means of preserving the artwork until a patron may be found to finance a bronze casting, either from the original moulds or from a new mould made from the refined plaster positive. Once a production mould is obtained, a wax (hollow for larger sculptures) is then cast from the mould. For a hollow sculpture, a core is then cast into the void, and is retained in its proper location (after wax melting) by pins of

630-555: Is also applied to metal sculptures made by electrotyping (or galvanoplasty), although these sculptures are typically pure copper and their fabrication does not involve metal casting. In lost-wax or investment casting, the artist starts with a full-sized model of the sculpture, most often a non-drying oil-based clay such as Plasticine model for smaller sculptures or for sculptures to be developed over an extended period (water-based clays must be protected from drying), and water-based clay for larger sculptures or for sculptures for which it

693-555: Is also applied to metal sculptures made by electrotyping (or galvanoplasty), although these sculptures are typically pure copper and their fabrication does not involve metal casting. In lost-wax or investment casting, the artist starts with a full-sized model of the sculpture, most often a non-drying oil-based clay such as Plasticine model for smaller sculptures or for sculptures to be developed over an extended period (water-based clays must be protected from drying), and water-based clay for larger sculptures or for sculptures for which it

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756-406: Is desired to capture a gestural quality – one that transmits the motion of the sculptor in addition to that of the subject. A mould is made from the clay pattern, either as a piece mould from plaster, or using flexible gel or similar rubber-like materials stabilized by a plaster jacket of several pieces. Often a plaster master will be made from this mould for further refinement. Such

819-406: Is desired to capture a gestural quality – one that transmits the motion of the sculptor in addition to that of the subject. A mould is made from the clay pattern, either as a piece mould from plaster, or using flexible gel or similar rubber-like materials stabilized by a plaster jacket of several pieces. Often a plaster master will be made from this mould for further refinement. Such

882-458: Is fully functional so that a visiting dog may have a drink. The granite pedestal of the "Not Forgotten Fountain" reads "In everlasting memory of all the war dogs who served, died, and were left behind in the Vietnam War ". The monument was conceived by John C. Burnam, author and Vietnam veteran infantryman and German shepherd scout dog handler from 1966 to 1968). In February 2004, Burnam founded

945-531: Is often gilded to give gilt-bronze or ormolu . Common bronze alloys have the unusual and desirable property of expanding slightly just before they set, thus filling the finest details of a mould. Then, as the bronze cools, it shrinks a little, making it easier to separate from the mould. Their strength and ductility (lack of brittleness) is an advantage when figures in action poses are to be created, especially when compared to various ceramic or stone materials (such as marble sculpture ). These qualities allow

1008-531: Is often gilded to give gilt-bronze or ormolu . Common bronze alloys have the unusual and desirable property of expanding slightly just before they set, thus filling the finest details of a mould. Then, as the bronze cools, it shrinks a little, making it easier to separate from the mould. Their strength and ductility (lack of brittleness) is an advantage when figures in action poses are to be created, especially when compared to various ceramic or stone materials (such as marble sculpture ). These qualities allow

1071-407: Is removed to reduce the likelihood of interior corrosion. Incomplete voids created by gas pockets or investment inclusions are then corrected by welding and carving. Small defects where sprues and vents were attached are filed or ground down and polished. For a large sculpture, the artist will usually prepare small study models until the pose and proportions are determined. An intermediate-sized model

1134-407: Is removed to reduce the likelihood of interior corrosion. Incomplete voids created by gas pockets or investment inclusions are then corrected by welding and carving. Small defects where sprues and vents were attached are filed or ground down and polished. For a large sculpture, the artist will usually prepare small study models until the pose and proportions are determined. An intermediate-sized model

1197-405: Is then constructed with all of the final details. For very large works, this may again be scaled to a larger intermediate. From the final scale model, measuring devices are used to determine the dimensions of an armature for the structural support of a full-size temporary piece, which is brought to rough form by wood, cardboard, plastic foam, and/or paper to approximately fill the volume while keeping

1260-405: Is then constructed with all of the final details. For very large works, this may again be scaled to a larger intermediate. From the final scale model, measuring devices are used to determine the dimensions of an armature for the structural support of a full-size temporary piece, which is brought to rough form by wood, cardboard, plastic foam, and/or paper to approximately fill the volume while keeping

1323-600: The Indus Valley Civilisation and dating back to c.  2500 BCE , is perhaps the first known bronze statue. Life-sized bronze statues in Ancient Greece have been found in good condition; one is the seawater-preserved bronze Victorious Youth that required painstaking efforts to bring it to its present state for museum display. Far more Roman bronze statues have survived. The ancient Chinese knew both lost-wax casting and section mould casting, and during

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1386-476: The Indus Valley Civilisation and dating back to c.  2500 BCE , is perhaps the first known bronze statue. Life-sized bronze statues in Ancient Greece have been found in good condition; one is the seawater-preserved bronze Victorious Youth that required painstaking efforts to bring it to its present state for museum display. Far more Roman bronze statues have survived. The ancient Chinese knew both lost-wax casting and section mould casting, and during

1449-662: The Korean War , the Vietnam War , the Gulf War and the Wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. Behind the granite wall are five flag poles, one for each of the five U.S. Armed Services which existed when the monument was built. The "Not Forgotten Fountain", found in the south east corner of the Monument area, is a bronze sculpture depicting a Vietnam War dog handler pouring water from his canteen into

1512-523: The Shang dynasty created large numbers of Chinese ritual bronzes , ritual vessels covered with complex decoration, which were buried in sets of up to 200 pieces in the tombs of royalty and the nobility. Over the long creative period of Egyptian dynastic art, small lost-wax bronze figurines were made in large numbers; several thousand of them have been conserved in museum collections. The 7th-8th century Sri Lankan Sinhalese bronze statue of Buddhist Tara , now in

1575-476: The Shang dynasty created large numbers of Chinese ritual bronzes , ritual vessels covered with complex decoration, which were buried in sets of up to 200 pieces in the tombs of royalty and the nobility. Over the long creative period of Egyptian dynastic art, small lost-wax bronze figurines were made in large numbers; several thousand of them have been conserved in museum collections. The 7th-8th century Sri Lankan Sinhalese bronze statue of Buddhist Tara , now in

1638-605: The 502nd ABW, 37th TRW, the US Army Veterinary Corps, the 341st TRS DoD MWD School, the USAF Security Forces Center, the 343rd TRS Security Forces Academy, the 802nd SFS, and the TSA Canine Training Center. The day of the event began with a K9 competition led by the 341st TRS and the non-profit "Dawgs Project" from CO. On the parade grounds near the Monument were information tables that included

1701-609: The Airman Heritage Foundation, The Airman Heritage Museum, the MWD Heritage Museum, the 341st TRS Puppy Program and Adoptions, the US Army Veterinary Corps, and the Air Force Federal Credit Union. Prior to the official ceremony members of the 802 SFS Kennels led by their Kennel Master, MSgt Phillip Mendoza, put on a demonstration of K9 capabilities. At 11 am MSgt John Whisman, Master of Ceremonies for

1764-658: The British Museum, is an excellent example of Sri Lankan bronze statues. From the ninth through the thirteenth century the Chola dynasty in South India represented the pinnacle of bronze casting in India. Making bronzes is highly skilled work, and a number of distinct casting processes may be employed, including lost-wax casting (and its modern-day spin-off investment casting ), sand casting and centrifugal casting . The term "bronze"

1827-452: The British Museum, is an excellent example of Sri Lankan bronze statues. From the ninth through the thirteenth century the Chola dynasty in South India represented the pinnacle of bronze casting in India. Making bronzes is highly skilled work, and a number of distinct casting processes may be employed, including lost-wax casting (and its modern-day spin-off investment casting ), sand casting and centrifugal casting . The term "bronze"

1890-517: The Department of Defense to accept the monument and have it installed in the southeast corner of the 37th Training Wing Basic Military Training Parade Field at Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland. This site was selected by the JBMF due to its historical significance as the training center and headquarters of the Department of Defense Military Working Dog Program since 1958. Graphic artist and designer Brian Rich,

1953-580: The Department of Defense to provide reasonable access to the monument by visitors and their dogs. Therefore, members of the public (and their dogs) who wish to visit the Military Working Dog Teams National Monument can access the installation to see the monument by requesting a base pass at the Lackland Air Force Base visitor control centers. The pass is limited to four hours of base access and can only be used to visit

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2016-462: The JBMF the exclusive rights to design, fund, build, and maintain the Military Working Dog Teams National Monument. The bill was signed into public law by the President George W. Bush on January 28, 2008. Over a span of nine years, the JBMF raised $ 2.1 million from corporate sponsors and public donations to fund the construction and maintenance of the national monument. Arrangements were made with

2079-482: The JBMF was shut down by its president, John Burnam. As a result, the Airman Heritage Foundation is the only organization allowed to create officially licensed products for the sole purpose of raising funds to care for and promote the Monument. In February 2023 a committee was created by the Airmen Foundation and led by its MWD advisor Christopher Dion, MSgt, USAF, Retired. This committee included representatives of

2142-454: The JBMF. Speakers included its founder and author, John C. Burnam, retired USMC Handler Ron Aeillo, President US War Dogs Association , USAF Wounded Warrior and K9 Handler cast member of the movie "Glory Hounds" , TSgt Leonard Anderson , and USMC Handler and author of Sergeant Rex, SGT Mike Dowling. The Military Working Dog Teams National Monument is located on a secure United States Air Force Installation. However, Public Law 110-181 requires

2205-539: The John Burnam Monument Foundation to design, fund, build, and maintain a Military Working Dog Teams National Monument. Joining John Burnam were U.S. Air Force Vietnam veteran security/patrol dog handlers, Richard Deggans and Larry Chilcoat. In 2007, U.S. Representative Walter B. Jones sponsored congressional legislation within H.R. 4986 National Defense Authorizations Act for FY 2008, Section 2877 of Pub. L.   110–181 (text) (PDF) authorizing

2268-616: The K9 competition and provided a generous BBQ fr all in attendance. Today the Airmen Heritage Foundation continues continues to care for the monument. Its current plans include adding both our National flag and the Space Force flag to the Monument, continuing to offer pavers to be placed near the Monument for handlers, K9s, Veterinarians, MWD units and organizations, and developing a line of official products whose sale will directly benefit

2331-478: The Monument. The War Dog's Story: Giving A Voice to the Voiceless by Panteo Productions Bronze sculptures Bronze is the most popular metal for cast metal sculptures ; a cast bronze sculpture is often called simply "a bronze". It can be used for statues, singly or in groups, reliefs , and small statuettes and figurines , as well as bronze elements to be fitted to other objects such as furniture. It

2394-640: The National Archives in Washington, DC. The black granite panels were seamlessly mounted on the large gray granite wall. The four large bronze dog sculptures and the 9-foot bronze military dog handler were crafted by artist and bronze sculptor Paula Slater, M.A. which were based on the initial creative design. The bronze and granite fully functional "Not Forgotten Fountain" was conceived by John C. Burnam and sketched and sculpted by Artist, Paula B. Slater, M.A. The Military Working Dog Teams National Monument

2457-637: The US Coast Guard. The materials selected to build the national monument were granite and silicone bronze, which could stand the test of weather and time with minimum maintenance for its outdoor location. The concept and design was presented and approved by the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD). The Keith Monument Company procured the entire horde of granite from the Rock of Ages Granite Quarry, Graniteville, Vermont. The granite components were cut to specifications, shipped to JBSA-Lackland and installed on-site. Pieces of

2520-538: The creation of extended figures, as in Jeté , or figures that have small cross sections in their support, such as the equestrian statue of Richard the Lionheart . But the value of the bronze for uses other than making statues is disadvantageous to the preservation of sculptures; few large ancient bronzes have survived, as many were melted down to make weapons or ammunition in times of war or to create new sculptures commemorating

2583-441: The creation of extended figures, as in Jeté , or figures that have small cross sections in their support, such as the equestrian statue of Richard the Lionheart . But the value of the bronze for uses other than making statues is disadvantageous to the preservation of sculptures; few large ancient bronzes have survived, as many were melted down to make weapons or ammunition in times of war or to create new sculptures commemorating

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2646-504: The event called everyone to their seats and introduced the posting of the colors by the 341st TRS Joint Service Color Guard, National Anthem sung by opera singer Mr. David Main of Bandera, TX, and invocation provided by Mr. Patrick Yeoman of TSA a veteran handler served in the USAF and USMC. Opening comments for the ceremony were provided by Col Lauren Corchaine, 37 TRW Commander and COL James Pratt, Assistant Chief, US Army Veterinary Corps. Prior to

2709-508: The granite were cut-out to allow for lighting. Those pieces were gifted by the JBMF to key contributors and members of the Dedication and Unveiling Ceremony. Artist Jim Smith, Laser Imaging and Design, Inc., created the artistic impression of authentic photos of war dog teams in action scenes since World War II. Authentic photos from World War II to the War on Terror was acquired from public records at

2772-527: The introduction of the keynote speaker, the poem "Guardians of the Night" was read by MA1 Mark Alvarez a student at the Kennel Master/Trainer Course. Once complete the guest of honor, Mr. John Burnam was introduced as the keynote speaker. His words were followed by the cutting of a ceremonial cake, utilizing a custom made sword created by Mr. John Bloxam of Bloxam Knives of Bandera, TX. Accompanying John

2835-451: The model is made in wax, possibly formed over a core, or with a core cast in place, if the piece is to be hollow. If no mould is made and the casting process fails, the artwork will also be lost. After the metal has cooled, the external ceramic or clay is chipped away, revealing an image of the wax form, including core pins, sprues, vents, and risers. All of these are removed with a saw and tool marks are polished away, and interior core material

2898-451: The model is made in wax, possibly formed over a core, or with a core cast in place, if the piece is to be hollow. If no mould is made and the casting process fails, the artwork will also be lost. After the metal has cooled, the external ceramic or clay is chipped away, revealing an image of the wax form, including core pins, sprues, vents, and risers. All of these are removed with a saw and tool marks are polished away, and interior core material

2961-461: The monument. All those requesting access should know that they will be vetted for security purposes. In 2014 following the official unveiling of the monument, total responsibility for the care, maintenance, and promotion of the U.S. Military Working Dog Teams National Monument was transferred in perpetuity from the John Burnam Monument Foundation (JBMF) to the Airman Heritage Foundation under the leadership of its president, Jaime Vazquez. Following this

3024-622: The more common breeds of Military Working Dogs utilized by the United States Department of Defense since World War II. They include a Doberman Pinscher , German Shepherd , Labrador Retriever , and Belgian Malinois . Behind the main granite pedestal is a large granite wall containing inscriptions about the history of the Military Working Dog program on one side. The other side of the wall contains laser etched images of Military Working Dog Teams in action during World War II ,

3087-591: The pan below the candle. The proportions of this mixture may suggest that the candlestick was made from a hoard of old coins. The Benin Bronzes are really brass , and the Romanesque Baptismal font at St Bartholomew's Church, Liège is described as both bronze and brass. In the Bronze Age, two forms of bronze were commonly used: "classic bronze", about 10% tin, was used in casting; and "mild bronze", about 6% tin,

3150-426: The pan below the candle. The proportions of this mixture may suggest that the candlestick was made from a hoard of old coins. The Benin Bronzes are really brass , and the Romanesque Baptismal font at St Bartholomew's Church, Liège is described as both bronze and brass. In the Bronze Age, two forms of bronze were commonly used: "classic bronze", about 10% tin, was used in casting; and "mild bronze", about 6% tin,

3213-481: The same metal used for casting. One or more wax sprues are added to conduct the molten metal into the sculptures - typically directing the liquid metal from a pouring cup to the bottom of the sculpture, which is then filled from the bottom up in order to avoid splashing and turbulence. Additional sprues may be directed upward at intermediate positions, and various vents may also be added where gases could be trapped. (Vents are not needed for ceramic shell casting, allowing

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3276-481: The same metal used for casting. One or more wax sprues are added to conduct the molten metal into the sculptures - typically directing the liquid metal from a pouring cup to the bottom of the sculpture, which is then filled from the bottom up in order to avoid splashing and turbulence. Additional sprues may be directed upward at intermediate positions, and various vents may also be added where gases could be trapped. (Vents are not needed for ceramic shell casting, allowing

3339-481: The sprue to be simple and direct). The complete wax structure (and core, if previously added) is then invested in another kind of mould or shell, which is heated in a kiln until the wax runs out and all free moisture is removed. The investment is then soon filled with molten bronze. The removal of all wax and moisture prevents the liquid metal from being explosively ejected from the mould by steam and vapour. Students of bronze casting will usually work in direct wax, where

3402-481: The sprue to be simple and direct). The complete wax structure (and core, if previously added) is then invested in another kind of mould or shell, which is heated in a kiln until the wax runs out and all free moisture is removed. The investment is then soon filled with molten bronze. The removal of all wax and moisture prevents the liquid metal from being explosively ejected from the mould by steam and vapour. Students of bronze casting will usually work in direct wax, where

3465-500: The victors, while far more stone and ceramic works have come through the centuries, even if only in fragments. As recently as 2007 several life sized bronze sculptures by John Waddell were stolen, probably due to the value of the metal after the work has been melted. There are many different bronze alloys. Typically modern bronze is 88% copper and 12% tin . Alpha bronze consists of the alpha solid solution of tin in copper. Alpha bronze alloys of 4–5% tin are used to make coins and

3528-500: The victors, while far more stone and ceramic works have come through the centuries, even if only in fragments. As recently as 2007 several life sized bronze sculptures by John Waddell were stolen, probably due to the value of the metal after the work has been melted. There are many different bronze alloys. Typically modern bronze is 88% copper and 12% tin . Alpha bronze consists of the alpha solid solution of tin in copper. Alpha bronze alloys of 4–5% tin are used to make coins and

3591-497: The weight low. Finally, plaster, clay or other material is used to form the full-size model, from which a mould may be constructed. Alternatively, a large refractory core may be constructed, and the direct-wax method then applied for subsequent investment. Before modern welding techniques, large sculptures were generally cast in one piece with a single pour. Welding allows a large sculpture to be cast in pieces, then joined. After final polishing, corrosive materials may be applied to form

3654-497: The weight low. Finally, plaster, clay or other material is used to form the full-size model, from which a mould may be constructed. Alternatively, a large refractory core may be constructed, and the direct-wax method then applied for subsequent investment. Before modern welding techniques, large sculptures were generally cast in one piece with a single pour. Welding allows a large sculpture to be cast in pieces, then joined. After final polishing, corrosive materials may be applied to form

3717-557: Was SrA Ashley Annaloro, a student attending Basic Handler Course at the 341st. Her participation alongside Mr. Burnam was symbolic of the torch of responsibility being passed from the handlers of yesterday to those of today and tomorrow. The ceremony was closed out by the playing of the service medley by the USAF Band of the West. Following the ceremony the Dawgs Project held an awards ceremony for

3780-429: Was hammered from ingots to make sheets. Bladed weapons were mostly cast from classic bronze, while helmets and armour were hammered from mild bronze. According to one definition, modern "statuary bronze" is 90% copper and 10% tin. The great civilizations of the old world worked in bronze for art, from the time of the introduction of the alloy for tools and edged weapons. Dancing Girl from Mohenjo-daro , belonging to

3843-429: Was hammered from ingots to make sheets. Bladed weapons were mostly cast from classic bronze, while helmets and armour were hammered from mild bronze. According to one definition, modern "statuary bronze" is 90% copper and 10% tin. The great civilizations of the old world worked in bronze for art, from the time of the introduction of the alloy for tools and edged weapons. Dancing Girl from Mohenjo-daro , belonging to

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3906-600: Was tasked to digitally illustrate renderings that would bring their visions to life while telling the story of military working dog teams. The final design creates a visual structure that incorporates the simplicity of the subjects but also details the complexity of military working dogs and their handler's lives on the battlefield. The monument is meant to embody the history of the war dog program from World War II to present-day War on Terror theaters with meaningful purpose and accurate historical representation. It included all four U.S. Armed Services (Army, Marines, Navy, Air Force) and

3969-509: Was unveiled during a formal dedication ceremony with full military fanfare on October 28, 2013. The event was covered by many local and national news organizations and was open to the American public. The ceremony was organized by the JBMF along with the assistance and under the direction of Lt Col Harris, 341st Training Squadron (TRS) Commander and TSgt Christopher Dion, 341st TRS Military Working Dog Handler Course Team Chief and representative to

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