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24-433: The Miles Historical Village and Museum is an open-air museum located near the town of Miles , Western Downs Region , Queensland , Australia. The village consists of 30 buildings, replicas of ones built during the time period of the 1920s. This area was first named Dogwood Crossing by the explorer Ludwig Leichhardt . The town was later named Miles when the railway was being constructed in 1878, after William Miles who

48-471: A church, school, butcher, and blacksmith. A typical slab hut from the early 1900s era is also displayed. The village also hosts the former Dalwogan railway station (part of the Wandoan Branch Railway ), with the retired Queensland Government Railways C17 steam locomotive no. 944 on display outside. Open-air museum Open air is "the unconfined atmosphere ... outside buildings". In

72-634: A different time and place and perform everyday household tasks, crafts, and occupations. The goal is to demonstrate older lifestyles and pursuits to modern audiences. Household tasks might include cooking on an open hearth , churning butter , spinning wool and weaving , and farming without modern equipment. Many living museums feature traditional craftsmen at work, such as a blacksmith , pewtersmith , silversmith , weaver , tanner , armorer , cooper , potter , miller , sawyer , cabinet-maker , woodcarver , printer , doctor, and general storekeeper . The North American open-air museum, more commonly called

96-587: A living-history museum, had a different, slightly later origin than the European, and the visitor experience is different. The first was Henry Ford 's Greenfield Village in Dearborn, Michigan (1928), where Ford intended his collection to be "a pocket edition of America". Colonial Williamsburg (opened in 1934), though, had a greater influence on museum development in North America. It influenced such projects through

120-581: A number of common interests and helped found the museum. The two "won special acknowledgment at the World Exhibition in Paris 1878 where the museum was acclaimed worldwide." Key also served as chair of the museum's board for several years. For the Nordic museum, Hazelius bought or managed to get donations of objects – furniture, clothes, toys, etc. – from all over Sweden and the other Nordic countries; he

144-590: The union with Sweden . Most open-air museums concentrate on rural culture. However, since the opening of the first town museum, The Old Town in Aarhus , Denmark , in 1914, town culture has also become a scope of open-air museums. In many cases, new town quarters are being constructed in existing rural culture museums. Living-history museums, including living-farm museums and living museums , are open-air museums where costumed interpreters portray period life in an earlier era. The interpreters act as if they are living in

168-516: The Nordic Museum ( Nordiska Museum , now Nordiska museet ). In 1891 he established the open-air museum Skansen , which became the model for other open-air museums in Northern Europe. He got the idea after a visit to the world's first open-air museum, Norsk Folkemuseum , established near Oslo in 1881. Hazelius was close friends with Swedish pathologist Axel Key , with whom he shared

192-640: The Nordic Museum ( Nordiska museet ) and the Skansen open-air museum in Stockholm . Hazelius was born in Stockholm, Sweden as the son of Johan August Hazelius (1797–1871), a Swedish Army officer (with terminal rank of major general ), politician and publicist. He entered Uppsala University in 1854, and received his Ph.D. degree in 1860, after which he worked as a teacher, as well as participating in several school-book and language reform projects. In 1869 Hazelius

216-592: The Nordic Museum in Stockholm , to establish his own open-air museum Skansen , adjacent to the Nordic Museum. Skansen, opened to the public in 1891, was a more ambitious undertaking, including farm buildings from across Sweden , folk costumes, live animals, folk music, and demonstrations of folk crafts. The second open-air museum in the world to open its doors was also in Sweden: Kulturen in Lund in 1892 . In 1894

240-513: The Norwegian Museum of Cultural History ( Norsk Folkemuseum ) was founded in Oslo by Hans Aall , inspired by Skansen. Aall bought a large tract of land adjacent to King Oscar's royal collections, probably with a merger between them in mind. The open-air Norsk Folkemuseum was opened at Bygdøy in 1902. In 1907 the royal collections were incorporated after the death of King Oscar and the dissolution of

264-502: The Academy's one-volume spelling dictionary in 1874. However, many of the proposals from the congress were introduced in the sixth edition of the same dictionary in 1889 ( e–ä , qv–kv ) and the rest ( dt , fv , hv ) in a spelling reform for Swedish schools, introduced in 1906 by the minister of education Fridtjuv Berg (1851–1916). Berg acknowledged that Hazelius had laid the foundation for all following spelling reforms. During travels in

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288-524: The Miles Historical Society attempting to add a new replica building every year, and expanding the museum's collection with memorabilia donated by families in the district. The village has an authentic 1900s era streetscape, featuring a bakery, post office, chemist, general store, Red Rose Cafe, and a branch of the Bank of New South Wales , all featuring real items from the time period. Also included are

312-673: The Norsemen". He believed that traditional peasant houses should be preserved against modernity, but failed to attract support for the idea. The first major steps towards the creation of open-air museums was taken in Swedish union ruled Norway in 1881, when the Swedish union King Oscar II transferred four historic farm buildings and the stave church from Gol to the royal manor at Bygdøy near Oslo (Christiania) for public viewing. This, in turn, in 1884 and 1885 inspired Artur Hazelius , founder of

336-534: The continent as Mystic Seaport , Plimoth Patuxet (formerly Plimoth Plantation), and Fortress Louisbourg . The approach to interpretation tends to differentiate the North American from the European model. In Europe, the tendency is to usually focus on the buildings. In North America, many open-air museums include interpreters who dress in period costume and conduct period crafts and everyday work. The living museum is, therefore, viewed as an attempt to recreate to

360-464: The country, Hazelius noticed how Swedish folk culture, including architecture and other aspects of the material culture, was eroding under the influence of industrialization, migration and other processes of modernity, and in 1872 he decided to establish a museum for Swedish ethnography, originally (1873) called the Scandinavian ethnographic collection ( Skandinavisk-etnografiska samlingen ), from 1880

384-461: The darker aspects of the American past (e.g., slavery and other forms of injustice). Even before such critiques were published, sites such as Williamsburg and others had begun to add more interpretation of difficult history. Artur Hazelius Artur Immanuel Hazelius (30 November 1833 – 27 May 1901) was a Swedish teacher, scholar, folklorist and museum director. He was the founder of both

408-512: The earliest ones of the 19th century, is the teaching of the history of everyday living by people from all segments of society. The idea of the open-air museum dates to the 1790s. The first proponent of the idea was the Swiss thinker Charles de Bonstetten , and was based on a visit to an exhibit of sculptures of Norwegian peasants in native costumes in the park of Fredensborg Palace in Denmark ,"Valley of

432-499: The early 1890s until the moth was discovered to eradicate this pest. The historical village consists of 30 buildings, including the Artesian Basin Centre which houses information on Artesian Water , aboriginal history, and land care. The War Museum has displays from all World Wars. The Shell house has a comprehensive display of shells from all over the world. The Historical Village started in 1971 and has grown since then, with

456-508: The fullest extent conditions of a culture , natural environment , or historical period . The objective is immersion, using exhibits so that visitors can experience the specific culture, environment or historical period using the physical senses. Performance and historiographic practices at American living museums have been critiqued in the past several years by scholars in anthropology and theater for creating false senses of authenticity and accuracy, and for neglecting to bear witness to some of

480-745: The loosest sense, an open-air museum is any institution that includes one or more buildings in its collections, including farm museums, historic house museums , and archaeological open-air museums . Mostly, "open-air museum" is applied to a museum that specializes in the collection and re-erection of multiple old buildings at large outdoor sites, usually in settings of recreated landscapes of the past, and often including living history . Such institutions may, therefore, be described as building museums. European open-air museums tended to be sited originally in regions where wooden architecture prevailed, as wooden structures may be translocated without substantial loss of authenticity. Common to all open-air museums, including

504-466: The museums in 1891 and doubled the amount in 1900, the year before his death. Hazelius was married to Sofia Elisabeth Grafström (1839–1874), daughter of Anders Abraham Grafström , a historian, priest and member of the Swedish Academy During the last few years of his life, Hazelius lived at Hazeliushuset, one of the old buildings on Skansen. He died on 27 May 1901, and on 4 February 1902, he

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528-453: Was a member of parliament and owned a property 'Dulacca' in the area. When more people settled in this area, in the early days there were a lot of dairy farms. The land is really not suitable for dairying, so in later years farmers have turned to growing wheat and there was also a lot of cotton grown. In the early days Prickly Pear was a menace, it is believed it was brought to Australia as a pot plant. A lot of farmers walked off their land in

552-556: Was mainly interested in peasant culture but his successors increasingly started to collect objects reflecting bourgeois and urban lifestyles as well. For Skansen he collected entire buildings and farms. Although the project did not initially get the government funding he had hoped, Hazelius received widespread support and donations, and by 1898 the Society for the promotion of the Nordic Museum ( Samfundet för Nordiska Museets främjande ) had 4,525 members. The Riksdag allocated some money for

576-481: Was the secretary of the Swedish section at the Scandinavian orthographic congress in Stockholm ( det nordiska rättstavningsmötet ), and published its proceedings in 1871. The radical reforms in Swedish spelling proposed there sparked opposition from the Swedish Academy . This gave Johan Erik Rydqvist (1800–1877) the energy to publish Svenska Akademiens Ordlista (SAOL), the very conservative first edition of

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