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34-707: Midland College began in September 1969 as the Midland campus of the Permian Junior College system. It was recreated in 1972 with the formation of the Midland College District. As defined by the Texas Legislature , the official service area of Midland College is all of Crockett , Midland , Pecos , Reagan , and Terrell counties. Following the formation of the Midland College District in 1972, bonds in

68-537: A per diem of $ 221 for every day the Legislature is in session (also including any special sessions). That adds up to $ 38,140 a year for a regular session (140 days), with the total pay for a two-year term being $ 45,340. Legislators receive a pension after eight years of service, starting at age 60. Article III, Section 10 of the Texas Constitution requires that 2/3 of a chamber's members be present to constitute

102-484: A quorum for conducting business (this is greater than what is required for the United States Congress, which only requires a simple majority of a chamber's members). This has resulted in several instances where, in an effort to block legislation from passing, a sufficient number of members have fled the state in order to deny a quorum. The most recent of these attempts took place during a 2021 special session of

136-744: A refusal by Parliament to authorise further taxes and by his inability to secure loans from foreign nations, making him much less powerful. In recent years as a result of devolution , funding for devolved issues to the Scottish Parliament , Welsh Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly has been determined through the Barnett Formula . This formula determines the overall budget of the devolved parliaments for devolved issues proportionally relative to spending on those issues in England. As

170-502: A result, while responsibility for funding of devolved matters rests with the devolved bodies themselves, they in effect must enact policies of a broadly similar cost to those decided by the UK parliament for England and maintain that broad proportionality in order to ensure the long-term financial viability of such policies. In the federal government of the United States, the power of the purse

204-522: A variety of continuing education programs. It also offers a bachelor's degree in organizational management and provides on-campus access to upper-level degrees offered at seven University Center partners. Midland College is accredited by the Commission on Colleges of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools to award certificates and associate and baccalaureate degrees. It is also approved by

238-481: A vote, because they refused to support a bill which the chair wanted (a tit-for-tat retaliation). While typically applied to " pork barrel " spending for special interests , it may also block funding for genuine needs of a constituency or the general public . The administration or student government at a college or university may revoke some or even all funding for a student newspaper or student radio station, because it has printed or aired an editorial or

272-617: Is a powerful arm of the Texas government not only because of its power of the purse to control and direct the activities of state government and the strong constitutional connections between it and the Lieutenant Governor of Texas , but also due to Texas's plural executive . The Legislature is the constitutional successor of the Congress of the Republic of Texas since Texas's 1845 entrance into

306-497: Is the start of the state's fiscal year). Bills can (and many are) pre-filed before the start of a session: for regular sessions the lower numbers are reserved for bills with high priority by Legislative leadership (with HB1 and SB1 specifically reserved for each chamber's version of the General Appropriations Act, the state's budget and spending authority). Although members are elected on partisan ballots, both houses of

340-729: Is vested in the Congress as laid down in the Constitution of the United States , Article I, Section 9, Clause 7 (the Appropriations Clause ) and Article I, Section 8, Clause 1 (the Taxing and Spending Clause ). The power of the purse plays a critical role in the relationship of the United States Congress and the President of the United States , and has been the main historic tool by which Congress has limited executive power. One of

374-616: The 21st Amendment (which ended Prohibition in the U.S. ) gave control of alcohol to the states. In 2009, Congress considered similar legislation regarding texting while driving . This power was curtailed somewhat in a case regarding the Affordable Care Act , in which the Supreme Court ruled in June 2012 that the law's withholding of all existing Medicaid funding for states that failed or refused to expand their Medicaid programs to cover

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408-617: The Iran-Contra scandal in the 1980s. Congress denied further aid to the Contras in Nicaragua . Unwilling to accept the will of Congress, members of the Reagan administration solicited private donations , set up elaborate corporate schemes and brokered illegal arms deals with Iran in order to generate unofficial funds that could not be regulated by Congress. More recently, budget limitations and using

442-922: The Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board . The Midland College University Center offers students several options for either beginning or completing their education. Programs and courses are now offered by seven area and online universities: Texas Tech University , Lubbock Christian University , the University of Texas of the Permian Basin , Sul Ross State University , Angelo State University , Howard Payne University , and Western Governors University . Four master's degrees and 11 bachelor's degrees, plus Midland College's Bachelor of Applied Technology in Organizational Management and two teacher certification programs, are now offered on

476-523: The Union . The Legislature held its first regular session from February 16 to May 13, 1846. The Legislature has completed its 88th session , and the next session is the 89th session , scheduled to convene on January 14, 2025, at noon ( CST ) after the 2024 Texas elections . The Texas Legislature meets in regular session on the second Tuesday in January of each odd-numbered year. The Texas Constitution limits

510-586: The Western Junior College Athletic Conference , Midland College fields teams in: The college's mascot is a Chaparral . Texas Legislature The Texas Legislature is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Texas . It is a bicameral body composed of a 31-member Senate and a 150-member House of Representatives . The state legislature meets at the Capitol in Austin . It

544-447: The 52 absent Democratic members of the House. The bill passed upon the eventual return of enough state Democrats to constitute a quorum in the legislature. The Texas Legislature has five support agencies that are within the legislative branch of state government. Those five agencies are as follows: Power of the purse The power of the purse is the ability of one group to control

578-523: The Legislature are officially organized on a nonpartisan basis, with members of both parties serving in leadership positions such as committee chairmanships. As of 2022, a majority of the members of each chamber are members of the Republican Party . The Texas Constitution sets the qualifications for election to each house as follows: State legislators in Texas make $ 600 per month, or $ 7,200 per year, plus

612-459: The Legislature. On July 12, 2021, during a special session, at least 51 Democratic members of the House fled the state in two charter jets bound for Washington, D.C. , in an effort to block Republican-backed election legislation from passing. The lawmakers planned to spend at least three weeks in Washington, running out the clock on the special session, which began July 8. During their time away from

646-617: The Midland College campus. Early College High School (ECHS) at Midland College is located on the main campus in the Allison Fine Arts Building. The school welcomed its first freshman class on August 24, 2009. The goal for ECHS is that by the time "the students receive their high school diploma, they will also have an associate's degree from Midland College." In 2010, Midland College became the first institution in West Texas and

680-503: The actions of another group by withholding funding, or putting stipulations on the use of funds. The power of the purse can be used positively (e.g. awarding extra funding to programs that reach certain benchmarks) or negatively (e.g. removing funding for a department or program, effectively eliminating it). The power of the purse is most often utilized by forces within a government that do not have direct executive power , but have control over budgets and taxation . In colonial Canada,

714-422: The amount of $ 5,100,000 were issued for the construction of a 115-acre (0.47 km) campus. Groundbreaking at the new campus was held October 23, 1973. Opened in the spring of 1975: Opened in the fall of 1975: Opened in 1978: Opened in the following years: Also, four residence halls are on the Midland College main campus (see below) . The college offers 100+ degree and certificate programs, as well as

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748-503: The bill. After the first special session expired on August 6, Governor Abbott called a second session the next day. State District Judge Brad Urrutia granted a restraining order on August 9 temporarily protecting the absent Democrats from arrest by the state, however this restraining order was overturned by the Texas Supreme Court . On August 10, with the chamber still lacking a quorum, Speaker Dade Phelan issued arrest warrants for

782-465: The desire or constitutional power to make it a federal matter. The most well-known example of this is regarding the drinking age , where Congress passed a law to withhold 10% of federal funds for highways in any state that did not raise the age to 21. The law was upheld by the U.S. Supreme Court in the South Dakota v. Dole case. Congress was not allowed to change the drinking age directly because

816-565: The federal government's role in setting minimum standards for social programs in Canada . The power of the purse's earliest examples in a modern sense occurred in the English Parliament , which gained the exclusive power to authorise taxes and thus could control the nation's cash flow. Through this power, Parliament slowly subverted the executive strength of the crown; King Charles II was limited in his powers to engage in various war efforts by

850-525: The fight for " responsible government " in the 1840s centered on question of whether elected parliaments or appointed governors would have control over the purse strings, mirroring earlier fights between Parliament and the Crown in Britain . After confederation, the phrase "power of the purse" took on a particular meaning. It now primarily refers to the federal government's superior tax-raising abilities compared to

884-911: The fourth community college in the nation to be designated an All- Steinway School. In 2013, Midland College became the first community college to be designated a Conn-Selmer School. Clubs, intramural sports, cheerleading, student government, and all other student-related activities operate through the Student Activities Office. The main campus has four residence halls for students: O'Shaughnessy Hall, Nadine and Tom Craddick Hall, Men's Residence Hall, and Family Housing Facility. The student publications office at Midland College also maintains its own website (see below, in External Links) The Midland College Chaparrals have won 20 National Championships in sports since 1975, as well as produced 192 All-Americans. A member of

918-410: The legislature may call itself into session. The governor may call as many sessions as desired. For example, Governor Rick Perry called three consecutive sessions to address the 2003 Texas congressional redistricting . The Texas Constitution limits the duration of each special session to 30 days; lawmakers may consider only those issues designated by the governor in his "call," or proclamation convening

952-545: The most prominent examples is the Foreign Assistance Act of 1974 , which eliminated all military funding for the government of South Vietnam and thereby ended the Vietnam War . Other recent examples include limitations on military funding placed on Ronald Reagan by Congress, which led to the withdrawal of United States Marines from Lebanon . The power of the purse in military affairs was famously subverted during

986-538: The power of the purse formed a controversial part of discussion regarding Congressional opposition to the Iraq War . On March 23, 2007, the U.S. House of Representatives passed a supplemental war budget that imposed a timeline on the presence of American combat troops in Iraq, but the legislation was not passed. The power of the purse has also been used to compel the U.S. states to pass laws, in cases where Congress does not have

1020-471: The provinces, and the consequent ability of the federal government to compel provincial governments to adopt certain policies in exchange for transfer payments . Most famously, the Canada Health Act sets rules that provinces must follow to receive health transfers (the largest of all such transfers). Opponents of this arrangement refer to this situation as the " fiscal imbalance ", while others argue for

1054-546: The regular session to 140 calendar days. The lieutenant governor , elected statewide separately from the governor , presides over the Senate, while the Speaker of the House is elected from that body by its members. Both have wide latitude in choosing committee membership in their respective houses and have a large impact on lawmaking in the state. Only the governor may call the Legislature into special sessions, unlike other states where

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1088-516: The special session (though other issues may be added by the Governor during a session). Any bill passed by the Legislature takes effect 90 days after its passage unless two-thirds of each house votes to give the bill either immediate effect or earlier effect. The Legislature may provide for an effective date that is after the 90th day. Under current legislative practice, most bills are given an effective date of September 1 in odd-numbered years (September 1

1122-528: The state legislative chambers, they also advocated for federal voting legislation such as the For the People Act . Governor Abbott stated that representatives, upon return to the state, would be arrested and escorted to the state legislative chambers to fulfill their lawmaking duties. He additionally noted he would use his power to call successive special sessions until such a time as the legislature met quorum to vote on

1156-491: The uninsured poor was "unduly coercive ", despite the fact that the federal government would pay the entirety of the states' expansion for the first years, and 90% thereafter. It was left unclear what percentage would be considered acceptable. In the US House or Senate, the chair of a legislative committee may refuse to give funding to a senator or other delegate or representative, or deny their appropriations bill or amendment

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