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33-716: The Boone River is a tributary of the Des Moines River in north-central Iowa in the United States . It is 111 miles (179 km) long and drains an area of 895 square miles (2,320 km). Via the Des Moines River, it is part of the watershed of the Mississippi River . The Boone River rises near Britt in western Hancock County and flows generally southwardly through Wright , Hamilton and Webster counties, past Goldfield and Webster City . It flows into

66-464: A "Protected Water Area". This stretch of the river cuts through a wooded valley and allows canoeing and fishing for smallmouth bass , channel catfish , walleye , northern pike and flathead catfish . Des Moines River The city of Des Moines, Iowa, was named for the river. In Minnesota, the upper forks of the Des Moines River drain the plateau and moraines between the Coteau des Prairies to

99-645: A record that holds to this day. The worst flooding occurred May to June in the Des Moines River Basin. Major flooding in 1851 occurred in Bentonsport , Croton , Bonaparte , Des Moines , Eddyville , Farmington , Iowaville , Keosauqua , Muscatine , Oskaloosa , Ottumwa , Red Rock , and Rochester . The river has a history of seasonal flooding. For example, in May 1944 the Riverview Park had just opened for

132-685: A reservation in east central Kansas in 1845 via the Dragoon Trace . The Dakota Sioux called the Meskwaki who moved west of the Mississippi River the "lost people" because they had been forced to leave their homelands. Some Meskwaki remained hidden in Iowa, with others returning within a few years. Soon after , the U.S. government forced the Sauk to a reservation in Indian Territory present-day Oklahoma. In 1851

165-532: The Algic language family , and thus descended from Proto-Algic . The Meskwaki and Sauk peoples are two distinct tribal groups. Linguistic and cultural connections between the two tribes have made them often associated in history. Under US government recognition treaties, officials treat the Sac (anglicized Sauk term) and Meskwaki as a single political unit, despite their distinct identities. The Meskwaki gained control of

198-653: The Black Hawk War over homelands in Illinois. After the Black Hawk War of 1832, the United States officially combined the two tribes into a single group known as the Sac & Fox Confederacy for treaty-making purposes. The United States persuaded the Sauk and Meskwaki to sell all their claims to land in Iowa in a treaty of October 1842. They moved to land west of a temporary line (Red Rock Line) in 1843. They were removed to

231-571: The Fox and Wolf rivers. Nine hundred Fox (about 300 warriors and the remainder mostly women and children) tried to break out in Illinois to reach the English and Iroquois to the east, but they were greatly outnumbered by a combined force of French and hundreds of allied Native Americans. On September 9, 1730, most of the Fox warriors were killed; many women and children were taken captive into Indian slavery or killed by

264-725: The Fox River system in eastern and central Wisconsin. This river became vital for the colonial New France fur trade through the interior of North America between northern French Canada , via the Mississippi River, and the French ports on the Gulf of Mexico . As part of the Fox–Wisconsin Waterway , the Fox River allowed travel from Lake Michigan and the other Great Lakes via Green Bay to

297-769: The Indian Removal Act of 1830 passed by Congress, authorizing US removal of eastern American Indians to lands west of the Mississippi River. The act was directed mainly at the Five Civilized Tribes in the American Southeast, but it was also used against tribes in what was then called the Northwest as well, the area east of the Mississippi and north of the Ohio River. Some Meskwaki were involved with Sac warriors in

330-477: The Mississippi River system. At first European contact in 1698, the French estimated the number of Meskwaki as about 6,500. By 1712, the number of Meskwaki had declined to 3,500. The Meskwaki fought against the French, in what are called the Fox Wars, for more than three decades (1701–1742) to preserve their homelands. The Meskwaki resistance to French encroachment was highly effective. The First Fox War with

363-408: The 19th century. Historically the Meskwaki used Triodanis perfoliata as an emetic in tribal ceremonies to make one "sick all day long," smoking it at purification and other spiritual rituals. They smudge Symphyotrichum novae-angliae and use it to revive unconscious people. They used Agastache scrophulariifolia , an infusion of the root used as a diuretic , also using a compound of

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396-590: The Des Moines River 17 miles (27 km) north of Boone . Tributaries of the Boone River also drain portions of Kossuth and Humboldt counties. Two headwaters tributaries are known as the East Branch Boone River and the Middle Branch Boone River . The Iowa Department of Natural Resources has designated the lower 26 miles (42 km) of the Boone River from Webster City to its mouth as

429-676: The Des Moines River has also been known as: Meskwaki The Meskwaki (sometimes spelled Mesquaki ), also known by the European exonyms Fox Indians or the Fox , are a Native American people. They have been closely linked to the Sauk people of the same language family. In the Meskwaki language , the Meskwaki call themselves Meshkwahkihaki , which means "the Red-Earths", related to their creation story. The Meskwaki suffered damaging wars with

462-548: The French allies. The Sauk and Meskwaki allied in 1735 in defense against the French and their allied Indian tribes. Descendants spread through southern Wisconsin, and along the present-day Illinois - Iowa border. In 1829 the US government estimated there were 1,500 Meskwaki along with 5,500 Sac (or Sauk). Both tribes relocated southward from Wisconsin into Iowa, Illinois, and Missouri. There are accounts of Meskwaki as far south as Pike County, Illinois . The Anishinaabe peoples called

495-516: The French and their Native American allies in the early 18th century, with one in 1730 decimating the tribe. Euro-American colonization and settlement proceeded in the United States during the 19th century and forced the Meskwaki/Fox south and west into the tall grass prairie in the American Midwest. In 1851 the Iowa state legislature passed an unusual act to allow the Fox to buy land and stay in

528-538: The French lasted from 1712 to 1714. This first Fox War was purely economic in nature, as the French wanted rights to use the river system to gain access to the Mississippi. After the Second Fox War of 1728, the Meskwaki were reduced to some 1500 people. They found shelter with the Sac, but French competition carried to that tribe. In the Second Fox War, the French increased their pressure on the tribe to gain access to

561-475: The Iowa legislature passed an unprecedented act to allow the Meskwaki to buy land even though they had occupied it by right before and stay in the state. American Indians had not generally been permitted to do so, as the U.S. Government had said that tribal Indians were legally not US citizens. Only citizens could buy land. In 1857, the Meskwaki purchased the first 80 acres (320,000 m ) in Tama County ; Tama

594-585: The Iowa-Minnesota border, then south, through Algona . The two forks join in southern Humboldt County , approximately 5 miles (8 km) south of Humboldt at Frank Gotch State Park . The combined stream flows roughly southward through Fort Dodge . South of Boone it passes through the Ledges State Park . It flows through downtown Des Moines, then turns generally southeastward, flowing through Ottumwa . It forms approximately 20 miles (32 km) of

627-570: The Meskwaki Odagaamii , meaning "people on the other shore", referring to their territories south of the Great Lakes. The French had adopted use of this name, and transliterated its spelling into their pronunciation system as Outagamie . This name was later used by Americans for today's Outagamie County, Wisconsin . The Meskwaki and Sac were forced to leave their territory by land-hungry American settlers. President Andrew Jackson signed

660-666: The Mississippi in Iowa ". The jurisdictional status was unclear. The tribe had formal federal recognition with eligibility for Bureau of Indian Affairs services. It also had a continuing relationship with the State of Iowa due to the tribe's private ownership of land, which was held in trust by the governor. For the next 30 years, the Meskwaki were virtually ignored by federal as well as state policies, which generally benefited them. Subsequently, they lived more independently than tribes confined to Indian reservations regulated by federal authority. To resolve this jurisdictional ambiguity, in 1896

693-770: The Mississippi. William Bright writes that Moines was an abbreviation used by the French for Moingouena or Moingona , an Algonquian subgroup of the Illinois people . The Native American term was /mooyiinkweena/ , a derogatory name applied to the Moingouena by the Peoria people , a closely related subgroup. The meaning of the native word, according to an early French writer, is visage plein d'ordure , or in plain English, "shit-face", from mooy- , "shit", -iinkwee , "face", and -na , "indefinite actor". The 1718 Guillaume Delisle map (pictured) labels it as "le Moingona R." During

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726-587: The State of Iowa ceded to the Federal government all jurisdiction over the Meskwaki. By 1910, the Sac and Meskwaki together totaled only about 1,000 people. During the 20th century, they began to recover their cultures. By the year 2000, their numbers had increased to nearly 4,000. In World War II , Meskwaki men enlisted in the U.S. Army. Several served as code talkers , along with Navajo and some other speakers of uncommon languages. Meskwaki men used their language to keep Allied communications secret in actions against

759-604: The border between Iowa and Missouri before joining the Mississippi from the northwest at Keokuk . It receives the Boone River from the northeast approximately 20 miles (32 km) southwest of Fort Dodge. It receives the Raccoon River from the west in the city of Des Moines. Above the city of Des Moines, it is impounded to create the Saylorville Lake reservoir. About midway below Saylorville and above Ottumwa, near Pella ,

792-506: The city of Des Moines and nearby communities. In another period of flooding, on June 13, 2008, officials issued a voluntary evacuation order for much of downtown and other areas bordering the Des Moines River. The river had reached flood stage in many locations, and Mayor Frank Cownie said the evacuations were an attempt "to err on the side of citizens and residents." According to the Geographic Names Information System ,

825-575: The mid-19th century, the river supported the main commercial transportation by water across Iowa. River traffic began to be superseded by the railroads constructed from the 1860s. Catastrophic flooding occurred along the Des Moines River during the Great Flood of 1851 , nearly destroying the new town of Des Moines . Residents had never previously experienced a major flood, and river towns lacked levees and substantial bridges that could withstand flooding. In 1851, 74.5 in (191.5 cm) of rain fell in Iowa,

858-502: The plant heads medicinally. They eat the fruits of Viburnum prunifolium raw and cook them into a jam. They make the flowers of Solidago rigida into a lotion and use them on bee stings and for swollen faces. Meskwaki are of Algonquian origin from the prehistoric Woodland period culture area. The Meskwaki language is a dialect of the Sauk-Fox-Kickapoo language spoken by the Sauk, Meskwaki, and Kickapoo . It belongs to

891-793: The river is impounded to create the Lake Red Rock reservoir. One of the earliest French maps that depicts the Des Moines (1703) refers to it as "R. des Otentas," which translates to "River of the Otoe"; the Otoe Tribe lived in the interior of Iowa in the 18th century. The Meskwaki and Sauk people referred to the river as " Ke-o-shaw-qua " (Hermit's River), from which Keosauqua, Iowa , derives its name. The Dakota Indians , who lived near its headwaters in present-day Minnesota, referred to it as " Inyan Shasha " in their Siouan language . Another Siouan name

924-454: The season on May 19, 1944. At around dawn on May 23, the levee began to collapse. The river was too much to hold back. Quickly the breach in the levee grew to nearly 100 feet (30 m) wide, and the river water quickly enveloped all of the park and the surrounding area. The Great Flood of 1993 on the river and its tributary the Raccoon, in the summer of 1993, forced the evacuation of much of

957-472: The state. Other Sac and Fox were removed to Indian territory in what became Kansas, Oklahoma and Nebraska. In the 21st century, two federally recognized tribes of "Sac and Fox" have reservations , and one has a settlement . The name is derived from the Meskwaki creation myth, in which their culture hero , Wisaka , created the first humans out of red clay. They called themselves Meshkwahkihaki in Meskwaki, meaning "the Red-Earths". The name Fox later

990-824: The west, which is drained by the Big Sioux River , and the lower lands to the east which drain northward into the Blue Earth and Minnesota Rivers . The Des Moines River rises in two forks. The West Fork (the main branch) rises out of the wetlands surrounding Lake Yankton and Long Lake in Lyon County in southwestern Minnesota. The small stream flows southwest into Lake Shetek , then through Windom and Jackson, Minnesota , and near Estherville , Iowa. The East Fork rises out in rural Martin County, Minnesota, just north of Interstate 90 . It then flows through Okamanpeedan Lake on

1023-450: Was " Eah-sha-wa-pa-ta, " or "Red Stone" river, possibly referring the bluffs at Red Rock or the reddish Sioux Quartzite bedrock near its headwaters. The origin of the name Des Moines is obscure. Early French explorers named it La Rivière des Moines , literally meaning "River of the Monks." The name may have referred to early Trappist monks who built huts near the mouth of the river at

Boone River - Misplaced Pages Continue

1056-406: Was derived from a French mistake during the colonial era: hearing a group of Indians identify as "Fox", the French applied what was a clan name to the entire tribe who spoke the same language by calling them "les Renards." Later the English and Anglo-Americans adopted the French name by using its translation in English as "Fox." This name was also used officially by the United States government from

1089-513: Was named for Taimah , a Meskwaki chief of the early 19th century. Many Meskwaki later moved to the Meskwaki Settlement near Tama . The U.S. government tried to force the tribe back to the Kansas reservation by withholding treaty-right annuities. Ten years later, in 1867, the U.S. finally began paying annuities to the Meskwaki in Iowa. They recognized the Meskwaki as the " Sac and Fox of

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