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43-667: The Miami Seaquarium is a 38-acre (15 ha) oceanarium located on the island of Virginia Key in Biscayne Bay , Miami-Dade County, Florida located near downtown Miami . Founded in 1955, it is one of the oldest oceanariums in the United States. In addition to marine mammals, the Miami Seaquarium houses fish, sharks, sea turtles, birds, and reptiles. The park offers daily presentations and hosts overnight camps, events for boy scouts, and group programs. Over 500,000 people visit

86-482: A GED; 33.8% have either a high school or GED degree; 27.1% have some college experience; 14.9% have a two-year (AA or AS) degree; 7.5% have a bachelor's degree; and 1.6% have a graduate or professional degree. The tribe operates several schools and education programmes. They have Head Start and daycare centers for children. While most education for Lummi children is provided by the Ferndale School District ,

129-633: A female orca from an ancestral site in the Penn Cove area of the Salish Sea bioregion. They viewed her as a member of their " qwe lhol mechen ," which "'translates to ‘our relative under the water,’” according to former Lummi tribal chairman Jay Julius. Lolita was viewed as a member of the Lummi Nation's family, and they believed that she should have been returned to the Salish Sea bioregion. The Lummi gathered at

172-522: A head in 1974 with United States v. Washington (commonly known as the Boldt Decision). In 1970, the Lummi Nation adopted a new constitution which gave the Business Council broader powers. Since the late 20th century, the Lummi Nation has worked to revive elements of its traditional culture. From July 30 to August 4, 2007, the Lummi Nation hosted its first potlatch since the 1930s as part of

215-532: A large oyster farm , which is the third largest on the west coast of the United States. They also have large aquaculture facilities on their reservation. In 1970, the Lummi Business Council created the Aquacultural Project to harvest food from their waters. By the 1980s, they operated the largest salmon fleet on Puget Sound, with approximately 600 gillnet boats and 40 seiners . Throughout

258-463: A tribal member. As of April 2010 there are 4,483 enrolled tribal members. 49.6% are female and 50.4% are male. The median age of tribal members is 29. Nearly one-third of the members, some 31.8%, are 18 years or younger. 11.6% are 55 or older. According to studies conducted by the Lummi Nation either on or near the reservation boundaries, enrolled Lummi tribal members have an average household size of approximately 4.5 people. The Lummi Nation owns

301-461: A troubling pattern of discounting Native American knowledge and relationships which are "part and parcel of the possessive nature of settler colonialism." The Miami Seaquarium announced on March 30, 2023, that Lolita was expected to be returned to her natal waters in the Pacific Northwest and reside in a semi-wild sea-pen in the Salish Sea for the remainder of her life. She would be joined in

344-648: Is a sacred area held in trust by the United States . It, along with the recent acquisition, is part of the ancestral village of Ts’elxwisen’, which historically covered what is now Eastsound. The Gateway Pacific Terminal was a proposed coal export terminal at Xwe’chi’eXen ( Cherry Point ) in Whatcom County , along the Salish Sea shoreline. The Lummi opposed the project because of potential adverse environmental impact on their treaty fishing rights and their sacred sites. It did not win approval. The Lummi Reservation

387-776: Is an example . The Afrykarium is the only themed oceanarium devoted solely to exhibiting the fauna of Africa and located in Wrocław, Poland . A part of the Wrocław Zoo , the idea behind the Afrykarium is to comprehensively present selected ecosystems from the continent of Africa . Nur-Sultan , the capital of Kazakhstan , is home to the only oceanarium in Central Asia . Lummi Nation The Lummi Nation ( / ˈ l ʌ m i / LUH -mee ; Lummi : Xwlemi [xʷləˈmi] or Lhaq'temish ; officially known as

430-566: Is estimated to be three times the local average. The median monthly income for employed Lummi tribal members is approximately $ 1,200. The constitution of the Lummi Nation was adopted in 1970. The tribe is governed by the Lummi Indian Business Council, an elected eleven-member council , on which members serve a three-year term. The council selects executive officers for their duties, including chair, vice-chair, treasurer, and secretary, and establishes committees for administration of

473-697: Is the Indian reservation of the Lummi Nation. Established in 1855, it was intended to serve as the reservation for the Lummi, Nooksack, and Samish peoples, as well as several other local peoples. Originally, the reservation was 12,562.94 acres, however it was enlarged to 13,600 acres in 1877. An estimated 6,590 people live on the Lummi Reservation. Roughly 2,564 are enrolled Lummi citizens, and 665 are either related to or live with an enrolled tribal member. Some 3,361 are neither tribal members nor affiliated with any member of

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516-609: The Busch Gardens Safari Parks, for US$ 1.1 billion. In 2001, Anheuser-Busch sold SeaWorld Ohio to Six Flags , which combined the park with the neighboring Geauga Lake to form Six Flags Worlds of Adventure. The animal aquatics portion of the park closed prior to 2004 when Six Flags sold the park to Cedar Fair . When a new 170,000-square-foot exhibit at the Shedd Aquarium in Chicago opened on April 27, 1991, it debuted as

559-582: The Lummi Tribe of the Lummi Reservation ) is a federally-recognized tribe of primarily Lummi people . The Lummi Nation also includes some Nooksack , Samish , and other local tribes which were removed to the reservation. It is based in the coastal area of the Pacific Northwest region of Washington state in the United States , and is located within the Bellingham Metropolitan Area The Lummi originally inhabited many settlements on

602-542: The San Juan Islands . However, due to high amounts of raiding from northern peoples and disease, they migrated to the mainland, settling around the lower Nooksack River . They displaced or assimilated the people living there at the time, the Skalakhan and Hulwhaluq. The villages that they occupied on the mainland were fortified with large stockades , which they used to defend themselves from the northern raiders. In 1855,

645-494: The Tribal Canoe Journeys Paddle to Lummi. During the event, 68 families paddled hand-made canoes to the Lummi Reservation from parts of Washington and British Columbia. In 2017, the Lummi Nation declared a state of emergency in the aftermath of the 2017 Cypress Island Atlantic salmon pen break . They recaptured most of the recovered non-native, farmed Atlantic salmon . The Lummi and other parties interested in

688-518: The 12,562.94 acre Lummi Reservation was established near the mouth of the Nooksack River, on the Lummi Peninsula . On November 22, 1873, the Lummi Reservation was enlarged to 13,600 ares. In 1897, the case United States v. Alaska Packers' Association disallowed the Lummi on the reservation from removing non-Native fishermen in their fisheries. Following this, much of the recent history of

731-700: The 1960s TV show Flipper and two movies starring Flipper were filmed at the Miami Seaquarium. From 1963 to 1991, the Seaquarium also had the Miami Seaquarium Spacerail , which was the first hanging monorail in the United States. In 2014 Miami Seaquarium was bought by Palace Entertainment. In 2022, the Miami Seaquarium was acquired by The Dolphin Company, which said that any negligence in animal care preceded their arrival. A 2023 U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Inspection Report found several violations of

774-418: The 1990s, salmon runs were highly diminished, and in 2001, the fishing season was a "complete failure." Later that year, the Lummi Business Council declared the Lummi Nation an "Economic Fisheries Disaster Area" and created programs to try to retrain idle fishermen. By 2003, their fishing industry had collapsed, and the Lummi fleet was reduced to between 150-200 gillnet boats and 3 or 4 seiners. They were among

817-928: The Animal Welfare Act. The report cited inadequate veterinary care, animal handling, facilities, employees and/or attendants, and critical separation of animals. Miami-Dade County has the option to terminate the Seaquarium’s lease and has considered that option as they have ongoing concerns about care of animals. In January 2024, the USDA was satisfied that the operators had addressed issues related to their notice of intent to confiscate to remove certain animals. The lease requirements mandate certifications from both Alliance of Marine Mammal Parks and Aquariums and American Humane . Local media reported in February 2024 that they had lost their accreditation from American Humane. The Dolphin Company

860-524: The Ferndale and Bellingham Areas, and they have been operating a home-improvement program since 1969. The Lummi Nation operates a healthcare facility in Bellingham where they offer both medical and dental care, as well as substance abuse counseling. The Lummi Nation has been working to increase the education levels among their youth. Among enrolled Lummis aged 25–64: 15.1% do not have a high school diploma or

903-644: The Lummi Nation also operates the Lummi Nation School (LNS), a K-12 school that opened in 2004. Four years later, they added the Lummi Youth Academy, a boarding school available for grades 9 through 12. The Academy is focused on strengthening Lummi culture, and offers social programs to at-risk teenagers. The tribe founded the Lummi Indian School of Aquaculture in 1973 as a means of training tribal members in fishing and shellfish hatcheries. Later,

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946-406: The Lummi Nation has been marked by a struggle to regain their fishing rights. Following steady increases in the number of individuals and firms fishing in areas traditionally fished by the Lummi, the nation fought for and gained limited protection under the law for the right to fish in their traditional manner. The Lummi Nation was part of the broader fight for fishing and treaty rights, which came to

989-426: The Lummi Nation. The 2000 United States Census recorded 4,193 persons residing on the reservation, of whom 1,828 (43.6 percent) identified as White, and 2,114 (50.4 percent) identified as being of only Native American ancestry. There are approximately 1,864 homes located on the reservation. Approximately 697 of these have an enrolled Lummi living in the home; thus, roughly 1,167 homes on the reservation do not house

1032-582: The Seaquarium numerous times to ask that Lolita be returned. In 2018, Seaquarium Curator Emeritus Robert Rose responded to Lummi protests, saying that the Lummi "should be ashamed of themselves, they don’t care about Lolita, they don’t care about her best interests, they don’t really care whether she lives or dies. To them, she is nothing more than a vehicle by which they promote their name, their political agenda, to obtain money and to gain media attention. Shame on them." In response, environmental scholars and Julius have argued that such statements are representative of

1075-637: The exception that did not include Lolita as part of the ESA-listed Southern resident orcas that live in Washington and British Columbia waters. Activists, who proposed such an action to the NMFS in 2013, were hopeful that this might lead to a healthy retirement in a seapen and possibly an eventual release and reuniting with her pod which is believed by some to include her mother. The Lummi Nation of Washington State referred to Lolita as Sk’aliCh’elh-tenaut, or

1118-474: The facility annually. The park has around 225 employees, and its lease payments and taxes make it the third-largest contributor to Miami-Dade County's revenue. The park was founded by Fred D. Coppock and Captain W.B. Gray and was the second marine-life attraction in Florida. When it opened in 1955, it was the largest marine-life attraction in the world. The park's first orca was Hugo, named after Hugo Vihlen . Hugo

1161-714: The first tribes to open an Indian casino in Washington after the U.S. Congress passed the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act of 1988. The tribe opened the Lummi Casino in 1992 and was the second largest employer in Whatcom County, with 450 employees. However, it closed in 1997 after traffic from Canada had declined. A new casino, the Silver Reef Casino Resort , opened in 2002, close to Interstate 5 . It

1204-559: The fisheries of the Northwest were very worried about Atlantic salmon interfering with those of the Pacific waters and rivers. In 2024, a nonprofit led by a Lummi Nation elder acquired over 2 acres of land just north of Madrona Point on Orcas Island . The organization intends to restore the land to the Lummi Nation. The newly acquired land, situated next to Madrona Point, adds to the Lummi Nation's existing holdings of over 24 acres. Madrona Point

1247-894: The four-story cylindrical tank of the New England Aquarium in Boston , which opened in 1969. At the National Aquarium in Baltimore , which opened in 1981, a walkway spirals up through the center of two gigantic cylindrical tanks, the Atlantic Coral Reef and the Shark Alley, which display sharks, sawfish, and other sea creatures. Since then, many new aquariums have sought even greater realism, often concentrating on local environments. Monterey Bay Aquarium in California, which opened in 1984,

1290-480: The largest indoor marine mammal facility in the world. The position as world's largest oceanarium has since shifted repeatedly in recent years. From 2005 to 2012 it was the Georgia Aquarium in the United States with an initial total water volume of 32,000 m (8,500,000 US gal), later it expanded to 38,000 m (10,000,000 US gal), and home to 100–120,000 animals of 700 species. In 2012 it

1333-655: The park's first orca, Hugo. Hugo died in 1980 after injuring himself along the walls of the tank. Animal rights activists argued that the tank didn't meet federal minimum requirements under the Animal Welfare Act , and the USDA made statements in 2017 supporting the activists' argument. On January 24, 2014 the National Marine Fisheries Service proposed amending the Endangered Species Act to remove

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1376-452: The predecessor tribes of the Lummi Nation (including the Lummi people) were signatory to the Treaty of Point Elliott , which was signed at modern-day Muckilteo . Chowitsoot , one of the Lummi leaders at the time, signed the treaty for the Lummi "and other tribes." 13 additional people signed the treaty for the Lummi. The treaty demanded that the Lummi cede the title to their lands, and in return,

1419-436: The relocation efforts by the park's companion pair of pacific white-sided dolphins : Li'i and Loke. Loke and her offspring Elelo were instead transferred to Shedd Aquarium in Chicago on August 3, 2023. On August 18, 2023, the death of Lolita was announced, from what was believed to be a renal condition. On September 25, 2023, the Seaquarium announced that Li’i, the remaining 40-year-old, male Pacific white-sided dolphin that

1462-689: The tribe. The current Business Council is as follows: For the past century, the Lummi Nation has been attempting to preserve and revitalize their traditional culture. The first Lummi potlatch since 1937 was hosted in 2007. For the Lummi nation, canoes are a large part of their culture. Each year in June, the Lummi Nation hosts the Lummi Stommish Water Carnival, which features large canoe race , as well as having dancing and traditional gambling games. Tribes from Washington and British Columbia compete in war canoes measuring up to fifty feet. The event

1505-459: Was also behind on its rent payment according to the county’s parks department. In March 2024, Miami-Dade County sent a lease termination notice to The Dolphin Company, giving the Seaquarium's owner until April 21 to move out. In the notice, Mayor Daniella Levine Cava cited a "long and troubling history of violations." As of June 25, 2024, the Dolphin Company, operator of the Seaquarium,

1548-535: Was captured in February 1968 in Vaughn Bay. Shortly after his capture, Hugo was flown to the Miami Seaquarium where he was held in a small pool for two years. Over the course of 10 years, judging by his behavior, it was clear that Hugo didn't adjust to his life in captivity. Hugo would regularly bang his head against the walls of the tank. On March 4, 1980, Hugo died of a brain aneurysm after a history of repeated self injury. From 1963 through 1967, eighty-eight episodes of

1591-673: Was developed as Marine Studios near St. Augustine in Marineland, Florida , which was followed in Florida by Miami Seaquarium , opened in 1955 and in California by Marineland of the Pacific , opened in 1954 near Los Angeles , and Marine World, Africa USA , opened in 1968 near San Francisco . SeaWorld San Diego was opened in 1964, developed by four fraternity brothers Milt Shedd, Ken Norris, David DeMott and George Millay. SeaWorld Aurora opened in 1970 near Cleveland , Ohio . SeaWorld Orlando

1634-627: Was established by Lummi veterans of World War I , who wished to honor tribal citizens in World War II . Today, the carnival is put on in honor of Lummi veterans of all wars. The Lummi language ( Xwlemi Chosen, IPA: [xʷləmi tʃɔsən] ) is a dialect of the North Straits Salish language , part of the larger Salishan language family. The Lummi Nation operates the Portage Bay Construction company, which builds homes in

1677-399: Was expected to be moved with Lolita, was relocated to SeaWorld San Antonio and reunited with family members and other Pacific white-sided dolphins to avoid remaining in solitary following Lolita's death. Oceanarium Marineland of Florida , one of the first theme parks in Florida , United States, started in 1938, claims to be "the world's first oceanarium" Marineland of Florida

1720-476: Was fighting the eviction. One of the Miami Seaquarium's attractions was Lolita, who, at the time of her death in 2023, was the second oldest orca in captivity after Corky at SeaWorld San Diego . She was the park's last captive orca. Lolita was captured on August 8, 1970 during the Penn Cove capture in Puget Sound , Washington state . She arrived at the Miami Seaquarium on September 24, 1970, where she joined

1763-485: Was opened in 1973. SeaWorld (San Diego, Aurora, Orlando) was sold to Harcourt Brace Jovanovich (a publishing company listed on the New York Stock Exchange ) in 1976. They purchased Marineland of the Pacific in 1986 and closed the park . They had opened SeaWorld San Antonio in 1988. In 1989 they sold SeaWorld (San Diego, Aurora, Orlando, San Antonio) to Anheuser-Busch , the world's largest brewer and owner of

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1806-686: Was surpassed by Marine Life Park in Singapore with a total water volume of 45,000 m (12,000,000 US gal) and over 100,000 animals of more than 800 species. In 2014, the Singapore park was surpassed by the Chimelong Ocean Kingdom in China, the current record holder, with a total water volume of 48,750 m (12,880,000 US gal). Modern marine aquariums try to create natural environments. A host of marine animals swim together in

1849-421: Was the target of an $ 11-million expansion in 2003, which built a steakhouse, terrace, cocktail bar, and a 400 seat pavilion for events. A recent collaborative study conducted by the Lummi Nation and Northern Economics Inc. found the following about the Lummi Nation workforce. 28% of the adult population (ages 18–64) is employed. The labor workforce participation rate is 25%. The Lummi unemployment rate of about 75%

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