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29-416: Meteorologists work in government agencies , private consulting and research services, industrial enterprises, utilities, radio and television stations , and in education . They are not to be confused with weather presenters , who present the weather forecast in the media and range in training from journalists having just minimal training in meteorology to full-fledged meteorologists. Meteorologists study

58-540: A bicameral legislature. The term "government agency" or "administrative agency" usually applies to one of the independent agencies of the United States government , which exercise some degree of independence from the President's control. Although the heads of independent agencies are often appointed by the government, they can usually be removed only for cause. The heads of independent agencies work together in groups, such as

87-516: A commission, board or council. Independent agencies often function as miniature versions of the tripartite federal government with the authority to legislate (through the issuing or promulgation of regulations), to adjudicate disputes, and to enforce agency regulations. Examples of independent agencies include the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), Federal Reserve Board , U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC),

116-528: Is a former ministry of Greece . Responsible for the regions of Macedonia and Thrace , since 2015 it has been demoted to the level of a sub-ministry within the Ministry of the Interior . The incumbent Deputy Minister for Macedonia and Thrace is Stavros Kalafatis  [ el ] of New Democracy . The ministry had been known as the Ministry of Northern Greece until it was renamed on 19 August 1988. It

145-748: Is a government agency of the Hellenic Republic that is responsible for the Greek regions of Macedonia and Thrace . The term agency in India has several meanings; for example, the Cabinet and the parliament Secretariat describes itself as a " nodal agency for coordination amongst the ministries of the Govt. of India". Most notably as an international feature, what appear to be independent agencies ( or apex agencies ) include some that have active roles for Ministers: such as,

174-433: Is a notable variety of agency types. Although usage differs, a government agency is normally distinct both from a department or ministry , and other types of public body established by government . The functions of an agency are normally executive in character since different types of organizations ( such as commissions ) are most often constituted in an advisory role — this distinction is often blurred in practice however, it

203-506: Is not allowed. A government agency may be established by either a national government or a state government within a federal system. Agencies can be established by legislation or by executive powers. The autonomy, independence, and accountability of government agencies also vary widely. Early examples of organizations that would now be termed a government agency include the British Navy Board , responsible for ships and supplies, which

232-590: The Department of the Treasury . Most federal agencies are created by Congress through statutes called " enabling acts ", which define the scope of an agency's authority. Because the Constitution does not expressly mention federal agencies (as it does the three branches), some commentators have called agencies the "headless fourth branch" of the federal government. However, most independent agencies are technically part of

261-660: The National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) and the Federal Trade Commission (FTC). A broader definition of the term "government agency" also means the United States federal executive departments that include the President's cabinet-level departments and their sub-units. Examples of these include the Department of Energy (DOE) and the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), which is a bureau of

290-1120: The National Security Council , the Medical Council of India , the Pharmacy Council of India (PCI), the Indian Council of Agricultural Research , and the NITI Aayog , which is chaired ex officio by the Prime Minister. Russia has had many government agencies throughout its history. The USSR had the secretive KGB . Today, Russian government agencies such as the FSB , FSO , and the GRU use Spetsnaz or other masked operators for any missions. Other organizations include Kremlin and presidential security. The Government agencies in Sweden are State controlled organizations who act independently to carry out

319-595: The Parliament of the United Kingdom , Scottish Parliament or the Welsh Parliament . The Congress and President of the United States delegate specific authority to government agencies to regulate the complex facets of the modern American federal state . Also, most of the 50 U.S. states have created similar government agencies. Each state government is similar to the national government, with all but one having

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348-650: The Earth's atmosphere and its interactions with the Earth's surface, the oceans and the biosphere . Their knowledge of applied mathematics and physics allows them to understand the full range of atmospheric phenomena, from snowflake formation to the Earth's general climate . Research meteorologists are specialized in areas like: Operational meteorologists, also known as forecasters: Meteorologists can also be consultants for private firms in studies for projects involving weather phenomena such as windfarms , tornado protection, etc. They finally can be weather presenters in

377-511: The Governorate-General appointed Ernest Hébrard as the master architect for the redesign of the city. The Governorate-General was also responsible for the complete incorporation of Macedonia into the Greek state despite the difficult circumstances of the interwar period . Other successes of the Governorate-General at the time include the establishment of numerous government agencies, including

406-650: The United Kingdom developed the use of agencies to improve efficiency in public services. Administrative law in France refers to autorité administrative indépendante (AAI) or Independent Administrative Authorities. They tend to be prominent in the following areas of public policy; Independent Administrative Authorities in France may not be instructed or ordered to take specific actions by the government. The General Secretariat for Macedonia and Thrace ( Greek : Γενική Γραμματεία Μακεδονίας-Θράκης), previously Ministry for Macedonia and Thrace ( Greek : Υπουργείο Μακεδονίας-Θράκης)

435-481: The college or university level can be hired as media meteorologists. They are to be distinguished from weather presenters who have only a communication degree. Government agency A government agency or state agency , sometimes an appointed commission , is a permanent or semi-permanent organization in the machinery of government ( bureaucracy ) that is responsible for the oversight and administration of specific functions, such as an administration . There

464-471: The creation of Courts of Appeal, Courts of First Instance and District Courts, the creation of an independent archaeological department, a forestry department and public services, and the provision of shelter to hundreds of thousands of refugees after the population exchange between Greece and Turkey in the 1920s. According to Presidential Decree no. 167 (2 September 2005), the Ministry of Macedonia and Thrace

493-637: The executive branch, with a few located in the legislative branch of government. By enacting the Administrative Procedure Act (APA) in 1946, Congress established some means to oversee government agency action. The APA established uniform administrative law procedures for a federal agency's promulgation of rules and adjudication of claims. The APA also sets forth the process for judicial review of agency action. General Secretariat for Macedonia and Thrace The Ministry of Macedonia and Thrace ( Greek : Υπουργείο Μακεδονίας και Θράκης, ΥΜΑΘ )

522-500: The media (radio, TV, internet). To become a meteorologist, a person must take at least one undergraduate university degree in meteorology. For researchers, this training continues with higher education, while for forecasters, each country has its own way of training. For example, the Meteorological Service of Canada and UK Met Office have their own training course after the university, while Météo-France takes charge of all

551-592: The ministry was downgraded to a General Secretariat within the Ministry of the Interior , until it was re-established as a separate ministry in 2012. With the legislative election of SYRIZA in January 2015, the ministry was once more subordinated to the Ministry of the Interior and Administrative Reconstruction , headed by a deputy minister. Shortly after the Hellenic Army entered Thessaloniki on 26 October 1912, King Constantine I demanded that he be given control of

580-480: The newly acquired region of Macedonia , but Prime Minister Eleftherios Venizelos had already decided that the fate of the region would lie with his minister of justice, Konstantinos Raktivan , who arrived in the city on 30 October. His position within the Governorate-General of Macedonia was so powerful that his power matched that of the prime minister and caused dismay among the other ministers in Athens . Raktivan

609-561: The outcome in individual cases as well. In addition to the State and its agencies, there are also local government agencies, which are extensions of municipalities and county councils . Agencies in the United Kingdom are either executive agencies answerable to government ministers or non-departmental public bodies answerable directly to parliament or the devolved assemblies of the United Kingdom. They are also commonly known as Quangos . Agencies can be created by enabling legislation by

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638-521: The policies of the Government of Sweden . The Ministries are relatively small and merely policy-making organizations, allowed to control agencies by policy decisions but not by direct orders. This means that while the agencies are subject to decisions made by the Government, Ministers are explicitly prohibited (so-called ban on ministerstyre ) from interfering with the day-to-day operation in an agency or

667-566: The training once the person has passed the entrance examination at the National School of Meteorology after high school. In United States, forecasters are hired by the National Weather Service or private firms after university, and receive on-the-job training, while researchers are hired according to their expertise. In some countries, such as in United States, there is a third way where a graduate in meteorology and communication at

696-644: Was demoted to a general secretariat in 2009, but was re-established as a ministry in 2012, and again demoted to a sub-ministry within the Ministry of the Interior on 27 January 2015. It is housed in Government House in Thessaloniki . The ministry was founded in 1912 as the Governorate-General of Macedonia ( Γενικὴ Διοίκησις Μακεδονίας ) following the acquisition of Macedonia during the Balkan Wars . It

725-614: Was established in 1546 by King Henry VIII and the British Commissioners of Bankruptcy established in 1570. From 1933, the New Deal saw growth in U.S. federal agencies, the " alphabet agencies " as they were used to deliver new programs created by legislation, such as the Federal Emergency Relief Administration . From the 1980s, as part of New Public Management , several countries including Australia and

754-485: Was later succeeded by other prominent politicians of Greece, such as Stefanos Dragoumis , Emmanouil Repoulis and Themistoklis Sofoulis . Despite its limited freedom of action in later years, the Governorate-General of Macedonia managed to produce an astonishing amount of work between its founding in 1912 and the creation of the Ministry of Northern Greece in 1955. Following the Great Thessaloniki Fire of 1917 ,

783-480: Was made up of the following departments: Since the Metapolitefsi , there have been twenty Ministers for Macedonia and Thrace from two parties, New Democracy and PASOK . The first to assume the post following the fall of the military junta in 1974 was Nikolaos Martis . Stavros Kalafatis served as the last minister before the ministry's abolition upon the election of George Papandreou in 2009. The ministry

812-444: Was promoted to cabinet level in the late 1920s and renamed the Governorate-General of Northern Greece ( Γενικὴ Διοίκησις Βορείου Ἑλλάδος ) in 1945, after being merged with the Governorate-General of Thrace ( Γενικὴ Διοίκησις Θράκης ). It was renamed the Ministry of Northern Greece ( Ὑπουργεῖον Βορείου Ἑλλάδος ) in 1955. The third name change occurred in 1988, when it was renamed the Ministry of Macedonia and Thrace . In 2009,

841-427: Was re-established on 21 June 2012 after the election of Antonis Samaras , but was again absorbed by the Ministry of the Interior on 27 January 2015 after the election of Alexis Tsipras . The Ministry of Macedonia and Thrace is responsible for "the development of the border regions of Greece, giving Northern Greece the opportunity to acquire a voice and role in the political and economic processes". In particular,

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