22-749: The Messe Essen is the exhibition centre of the city of Essen , North Rhine-Westphalia , Germany. It is located in the Rüttenscheid borough near the Grugapark . It is the 9th largest exhibition centre in Germany. Though there had been a trade exhibition in the Saalbau Essen in 1893, the first real trade fair of the city was the Gewerbeschau Essen on 21 April 1913 near the Grugahalle . In 1921, an association
44-809: A North Rhine-Westphalian building or structure is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Exhibition centre A convention center ( American English ; or conference centre in British English ) is a large building that is designed to hold a convention , where individuals and groups gather to promote and share common interests. Convention centers typically offer sufficient floor area to accommodate several thousand attendees. Very large venues, suitable for major trade shows , are sometimes known as exhibition halls . Convention centers typically have at least one auditorium and may also contain concert halls , lecture halls , meeting rooms , and conference rooms . Some large resort area hotels include
66-519: A convention center. In Francophone countries, the term is palais des congrès (such as the Palais des Congrès de Paris ) or centre des congrès (such as the Centre des congrès de Quebec). The original convention centers or halls were in castles and palaces . Originally a hall in a castle would be designed to allow a large group of lords, knights and government officials to attend important meetings with
88-605: A royal attack was imminent from King Louis XVI , so upon the suggestion of one of their members Joseph-Ignace Guillotin , the deputies congregated in a nearby indoor royal tennis court near the Palace of Versailles . The 576 of the 577 members from the Third Estate took the oath Jean Sylvain Bailly was the first one who signed; the only person who did not join was Joseph Martin-Dauch , who would only execute decisions that were made by
110-481: A solemn oath never to separate, and to reassemble wherever circumstances require until the constitution of the realm is established and fixed upon solid foundations; and that said oath having been sworn, all members and each one individually confirms this unwavering resolution with his signature. We swear never to separate ourselves from the National Assembly, and to reassemble wherever circumstances require until
132-589: A wide variety of revolutionary activities in the months afterwards, ranging from rioting in the French countryside to renewed calls for a written constitution. It reinforced the Assembly's strength, and although the King attempted to thwart its effect, Louis was forced to relent and on 27 June 1789 he formally requested that voting occur based on head counts, not on each estates' power. The Tennis Court Oath (20 June 1789) preceded
154-595: Is called Messe Essen GmbH . New halls were opened in 1983 and 1990. In 2000, Halle 3 went into operation. With a length of 230 meters, a width of 69 meters and a height of about 15 meters, it is considered as the longest free-spanning hall in Europe. From 26 to 28 July 2013 the Star Wars Celebration Europe II took place at the Messe Essen. More than 20,000 people from over 40 countries attended it. In 2014,
176-585: The Constitution of the kingdom is established" became a pivotal event in the French Revolution . The Estates-General had been called to address the country's fiscal and agricultural crisis , but they had become bogged down in issues of representation immediately after convening in May 1789, particularly whether they would vote by order or by head (which would increase the power of the Third Estate, as it outnumbered
198-740: The Storming of the Bastille , Abolition of feudalism (4 August 1789) and the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (26 August 1789). The members of the National Constituent Assembly became increasingly divided. The French Constitution of 1791 redefined the organization of the French government, taxation system, male census suffrage and the limits to the powers of government. Following
220-610: The Essen citizens voted against plans for a complete reconstruction of the Messe Essen. Instead, it was then rebuilt to a smaller extent. Works are scheduled from 2016 to 2019 at a cost of around €88 million. The Messe Essen is connected to public traffic of Stadtbahn Essen by the Messe Ost/Gruga station and the Messe West/Süd/Gruga station , as well as Federal Motorway 52 and Federal highway 224 . This article about
242-468: The National Assembly to give the illusion that he controlled the National Assembly. This oath was vital to the Third Estate as a protest that led to more power in the Estates General , every governing body thereafter. Among the oath-takers were also five delegates from the colony of Saint-Domingue . The text was prepared by Antoine Barnave and Isaac Le Chapelier . An English-language translation of
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#1732855570845264-618: The Third Estate formed the National Assembly and, against the wishes of the King, invited the other two estates to join. This signaled the outbreak of the French Revolution. The Third Estate comprised the overwhelming majority of the French population but the structure of the Estates-General was such that the Third Estate comprised a bare majority of the delegates. A simple majority was sufficient—as long as delegate votes were cast together. The First and Second Estates preferred to divide
286-414: The constitution of the realm is drawn up and fixed upon solid foundations. The Oath signified for the first time that French citizens formally stood in opposition to Louis XVI. The National Assembly's refusal to back down forced the king to make concessions. It was foreshadowed by and drew considerably from the 1776 United States Declaration of Independence , especially the preamble. The Oath also inspired
308-534: The king. A more ancient tradition would have the king or lord decide disputes among his people. These administrative actions would be done in the great hall and would exhibit the wisdom of the king as judge to the general populace. One of the most famous convention center debacles happened in France on June 20, 1789. King Louis XVI locked a group known as the Third Estate out of the meeting hall in Versailles. This led to
330-577: The monarch. To prevent further sessions, the tennis court was rented on 21 or 22 June by the count of Artois , a brother of the King. Meanwhile, the Assembly moved to the Versailles Cathedral . Before the Revolution, French society—aside from royalty—was divided into three estates . The First Estate comprised the clergy; the Second Estate was the nobility. The rest of France—some 97 per cent of
352-403: The nobility and clergy . The deputies' fears, even if wrong, were reasonable and the importance of the oath goes above and beyond its context. The oath was a revolutionary act and an assertion that political authority derived from the people and their representatives rather than from the monarchy. Their solidarity forced Louis XVI to order the clergy and the nobility to join the Third Estate in
374-438: The oath reads: Considering that it has been called to establish the constitution of the realm, to bring about the regeneration of public order, and to maintain the true principles of monarchy; nothing may prevent it from continuing its deliberations in any place it is forced to establish itself; and, finally, the National Assembly exists wherever its members are gathered. Decrees that all members of this Assembly immediately take
396-527: The other two estates by a large margin). On 17 June, the Third Estate began to call itself the National Assembly , led by Jean Sylvain Bailly . Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, Comte de Mirabeau , took a prominent role. On the morning of 20 June, the deputies were shocked to discover that the door of the Salle des Menus-Plaisir was locked and guarded by soldiers. They immediately feared the worst and were anxious that
418-518: The population—was the Third Estate, which ranged from very wealthy city merchants to impoverished rural farmers. The three estates had historically met in the Estates General , a legislative assembly, but this had not happened since 1614, under the reign of Louis XIII . It was the last of the Estates General of the Kingdom of France . Summoned by King Louis XVI , the Estates General of 1789 ended when
440-611: The revolutionary group holding their meeting in an indoor tennis court. This was the first modern democratic conference center and lead to the Tennis Court Oath and the French Revolution . Tennis Court Oath The Tennis Court Oath ( French : Serment du Jeu de Paume ) was taken on 20 June 1789 by the members of the French Third Estate in a tennis court on the initiative of Jean Joseph Mounier . Their vow "not to separate and to reassemble wherever necessary until
462-505: The vote; a proposal might need to receive approval from each Estate or there might be two "houses" of the Estates-General (one for the first two Estates, and one for the Third) and a bill would need to be passed by both houses. Either way, the First and Second Estates could exercise a veto over proposals enjoying widespread support among the Third Estate, such as reforms that threatened the privileges of
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#1732855570845484-573: Was founded for the organization of the fairs. At the same time, Messehalle V was erected. Today, the Grugahalle stands on the foundation of this hall. In 1944, the Messe compound was destroyed by the allied bombings. Exhibitions were resumed in 1949. In 1971, the operating company of Gemeinnützige Ausstellungsgesellschaft mbH was renamed the Ausstellungs- und Messegesellschaft mbH Essen (AMGE) , since 1982 it
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