Misplaced Pages

#322677

59-579: (Redirected from Mendizábal ) Mendizabal or Mendizábal is a Basque surname meaning 'wide mountain'. It may refer to: Concepción Mendizábal Mendoza (1893–1985), first female civil engineer in Mexico Enrique Mendizabal (1918–2017), Olympic Shooter for Peru at the 1948 London Games Eustakio Mendizabal (1944–1973), Basque separatist Félix Mendizábal (1891–1959), Spanish athlete Gabriel de Mendizabal Iraeta (1765–1838), general during

118-489: A lauarriko ("four stone one") with two extensions, one on either side of the original building. The floorplan is almost invariably rectangular, with a narrow end forming the façade. The façade usually has windows on all three floors and at least one large entrance, often two. The conventional floor distribution usually has: Indoors, the kitchen ( sukalde in Basque) was the centre of activity and social interaction. Originally

177-571: A certain quantity of Basque surnames from his followers in order to reject those of mixed Basque-Spanish descent. In Alava and west of Navarre a distinctive formula has been followed, with the surname being composite, i.e. [a first title of Castilian origin; usually a patronymic which uses the Basque suffix -ez ] + de + [a Basque place-name (usually a village)], take for instance Fernández de Larrinoa , Ruiz de Gauna or López de Luzuriaga , meaning 'Fernández from Larrinoa', etc., which does not imply

236-483: A child. Unusually, the parents were by tradition free to choose any child, male or female, firstborn or later born, to assume the role of etxekoandre or etxekojaun to ensure the child most suitable to the role would inherit the ancestral home. The baserri under traditional law (the fueros ) cannot be divided or inherited by more than one person. This is still the case in the Southern Basque Country but

295-519: A common written standard, the number of non-indigenous spelling variants has begun to decrease, especially in Spain, taking on a form in accordance with the meaning of the surname in Basque, which remains irrelevant in other language spellings. The Basque Language Academy keeps a database with the standardized form of personal names. Note that in the French-based spellings the D is unhistoric and represents

354-522: A derivative of the later surname Jimenez ( Scemeno attested in the 8–9th century). V(alerius) BELTESONIS (probable coinage from beltz 'black', less likely linked to bele/bela 'crow') engraved on the stella of Andriarriaga located in Oiartzun bears witness to a mixture of Roman and Vasconic tradition in the local aristocracy during the Antiquity. García , one of the most frequent Spanish surnames ,

413-399: A farmstead not located in a village or town. People who live on a baserri are referred to as baserritarrak ( Basque pronunciation: [bas̺eritarak] ), a term which contrasts with kaletarrak ( Basque pronunciation: [kaletarak] ) (street people), i.e., people who live in a town or city. The present-day term baserri in Basque has a fairly restricted meaning, denoting

472-434: A major activity on baserris. Various cultural traditions and superstitions surround the baserri. One is the habit of fixing dried silver thistles (called eguzkilore or "sunflower" in Basque, not to be confused with sunflowers , called ekilore ) to the doors of a baserri for good fortune. Folklore has it that certain unwelcome spirits such as laminas , witches or devils only operate at night and attaching this flower to

531-667: A more thorough period of Romanisation , in which the ancient Roman fundi provided the grounds for the new small population clusters and villages that dotted the whole region at the turn of the first millennium, after Muslim raids stopped. They are often named after an old landowner, e.g. Barbarin , Andoin , Amatrain , etc. In Navarre, parts of Álava and parts of the Northern Basque Country, baserris often form rather spaced out settlements, but virtually never wall-to-wall to minimise fire risks. Baserris in Gipuzkoa and Biscay on

590-412: A noble origin. Therefore, surnames can be very long if both paternal and maternal surnames are required when filling out a form for example. Such forms have been found from as early as 1053. For a while it was popular in some circles to follow a convention of stating one's name that was invented by Sabino Arana in the latter part of the 19th century. He decided that Basque surnames ought to be followed by

649-642: A totemic animal figure often stood for the person's presumable features. Otxoa ("wolf") was a Basque version of the Romance name Lope , or the other way round, with an early medieval prevalence all around the Pyrenees and west into the Cantabrian Mountains . It is now a surname, like its akin " Otxotorena " ('little wolf's house', or possibly 'little wolf's wife'), so similar in meaning to Spanish " López " (regional variants "Lopes", "Lupiz", etc.). " Velasco "

SECTION 10

#1732855072323

708-412: A two-wing door which was also split horizontally. Although on most baserris produce is stored inside the main building, some have stand-alone granaries called garai in Basque. These are small, wooden or stone-built structures on staddle stones and very reminiscent of such granaries in other parts of the world. Some baserris seem to defy the normal definition of a baserri. In many cases, these are

767-510: Is Burionagonatotorecagageazcoechea sported by an employee at the Ministry of Finances in Madrid in 1867. The majority of modern Basque non-patronymic surnames fall into two categories: Surnames from either category are formed using nouns, adjectives, a number of suffixes and endings such as the absolutive ending -a , the adjectival suffix -ko , and the genitive ending -ren . An example of

826-493: Is different from Wikidata All set index articles Basque surname Basque surnames are surnames with Basque-language origins or a long, identifiable tradition in the Basque Country . They can be divided into two main types, patronymic and non-patronymic. The patronymics such as Aluariz (probably Alvariz, child of Alvar, as in the past 'u' and 'v' were indistinguishable in writing), Obecoz or Garcez are amongst

885-541: The Basque Country , Basque surnames are often found in Spain and France , the former Spanish colonies , but largely in Latin America , and parts of the United States such as Idaho where substantial numbers of Basques emigrated to. These are Basque surnames that are well known or famous around the world: Baserri The term baserri is derived from the roots basa "wild" and herri "settlement" and denotes

944-647: The French partitive particle d' "of". As is the legal convention in Spain, Basques in the South have double legal surnames, the first being that of the father and the second that of the mother. In the North, Basques legally have only one surname as is the convention in France. Nonetheless, most Basques can at least recite the surnames of their parents' and grandparents' generations. The founder of Basque nationalism , Sabino Arana , demanded

1003-449: The surname Mendizabal . If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding the person's given name (s) to the link. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mendizabal&oldid=1234764686 " Categories : Surnames Basque-language surnames Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description

1062-511: The Basque country. During the medieval period Basque names were written broadly following the spelling conventions of the official languages of the day, usually Spanish and French . The main differences lie in the way the relatively large number of Basque sibilants are spelled. These are especially hard to represent using French spelling conventions, so on the whole, the French spelling of Basque words in general tends to be harder to reconcile with

1121-469: The Christian kingdoms of Leon and Navarre were typical in the 9th, 10th and 11th centuries in order to protect themselves from the southern Islamic attacks. Proof is the fact that King Alfonso V of León was mainly of Basque-Navarrese origin, through his mother, Elvira García , and his paternal grandmother, the aforementioned Urraca Fernández. On the other hand, the first king of Aragón, Ramiro I of Aragon ,

1180-606: The Church's orthodoxy (cf. given name Ochanda , 'female wolf', in Vitoria-Gasteiz still in the 16th century). Thereafter, Romance first names were imposed, while surnames went on to express place descriptions (e.g. "Luzuriaga", 'place of white earth') and parental origin (e.g. " Marinelarena ", 'the sailor's son') for the most part. The patronymics are derived from the father through the suffix - ez, -oz, -iz or -az which means 'of'. The Basque language also expresses family links with

1239-1007: The Napoleonic Wars Guillermo Mendizábal (born 1954), retired Mexican footballer and manager Horacio Mendizábal (1847–1871), Argentinian poet Itziar Mendizabal (born 1981), ballet dancer José María Álvarez Mendizábal (1891–1965), Spanish politician and lawyer Joxe Mendizabal (born 1970), Basque musician Juan Álvarez Mendizábal (1790–1853), Spanish economist and politician Luis A. Aranberri Mendizabal "Amatiño" (born 1945), Basque media professional Mamen Mendizábal (born 1976), Spanish television and radio journalist Mariano Juaristi Mendizábal (1904–2001), Azkoitian Basque pelota player known as Atano III Rafael de Mendizábal Allende (1927–2023), Spanish judge Ramón de Mendizábal (1914–1938), Spanish footballer Ricky Mendizábal (born 1997), Spanish-Equatoguinean basketball player Rosendo Mendizabal (1868–1913), Argentine musician and early pioneer of

SECTION 20

#1732855072323

1298-466: The baserri buildings consisted of timbered structures that are barely reminiscent of dwellings, made up often in oak from the surrounding forests. In fact, the central position in the house was occupied by the press, since cider was a very important economic activity for the family's economy. Then, families started to move in for the initially cider producing mill , cattle stall and granary, eventually complementing or even replacing its original function with

1357-419: The baserri-etxe, i.e. the baserri building, referring to the community and site preceding the building. A considerable number also have apple-presses and barrel storage facilities built into the structure of the baserri for the production of Basque cider . Although different building styles exist with features specific to each region, most share a common core design. Most have three floors with stables within

1416-453: The building and a gently sloping roof, stone supporting walls and internal constructions made largely from wood. The baserri is designed to be modular in the sense that additional wings can be added onto the primary structure to allow the building to be extended if necessary. The core building is referred to as biarriko ("two stone one"), comprising two main supporting walls; a hiruharriko ("three stone one") with an extension on one side and

1475-453: The building and its occupants, especially in the Gipuzkoan dialect. Originally, however, it denoted the building (still called in some places baserri-etxea 'baserri house'), its dwellers and the whole estate. The originally wide connotation of the term is related to the inherent ambiguity of the Basque word herri which can be translated as "land", "home", "people" or "settlement" depending on

1534-463: The case in the patronymic surnames, e.g., González, offspring of Gonzalo. However, in documents of the 10th, 11th and 12th century linked to the Monastery of Santa Maria de Nájera, we find old versions of these surnames such as Galindoz, Enecoz, Albaroz, Ordonioz, Munioz de Alava, and Lopiz de Bizcaya. It is possible that the proper Basque grammar of the patronymic was lost as its use was extended south of

1593-561: The church"). An example of a common Basque surname is Azpilicueta. The earliest documented Basque surnames occur on Aquitanian inscriptions from the time of the Roman conquest of Hispania and Gallia Aquitania . For the most part these can be easily identified with modern or medieval Basque surnames, for example ENNECONIS (the personal name Eneko plus the Latin genitive ending -IS, stem augmented by -N) > Enekoitz. Also SEMBECONNIS , possibly

1652-699: The construction of baserris, thriving in the hundreds. Maize from the Americas substituted less productive millet , taking its Basque name arto . While private land ownership had been known if not widespread in the southern parts of Álava and Navarre since Roman times, most land further north was still common land in this period. Councils fostered the building activity with tax exemption on tree chopping for baserri construction, which enabled Basque farmers to develop swathes of common land into privately owned baserris. Several of these new baserris were named simply Etxeberria , "the new house". At this transitional stage,

1711-524: The context. In Spanish, mostly the term caserío vasco is used but note that a caserío may also denote an entire settlement in parts of the Spanish speaking world. In French , the term maison basque is commonly encountered, although this overlaps to some extent with the Basque concept of etxea (the house). Overall, they are almost non-existent in the flatter terrains of Álava and central and southern Navarre ( Ager Vasconum ). These areas went through

1770-485: The cutting of young trees and required anyone felling a tree to plant two new trees in its place. In the Northern Basque Country these are often called borda , a term that originally referred to shepherding shelters. The extension, both structurally and terminologically, of the term to refer to a farmhouse rather than shelter occurred in the 17th and 18th century when further increases in the population led to

1829-427: The development of such summer pasture shelters into farmhouses. The 17th century is also the last period in which baserris with half-timbered façades were constructed. Later constructions are virtually all in solid stone (except for the central section above the recessed portal to avoid structural problems). From the 18th century onwards, the remaining half-timbered elements were replaced by using stone arches above

Mendizabal - Misplaced Pages Continue

1888-514: The dwelling. A well-known example of this type of baserri is the Igartubeiti baserri (built 1530), now an interactive museum and exhibition space, hosting events related to cider making (e.g. txalaparta ) and traditional rural life. The first stone farmhouses in Gipuzkoa (which entailed timber frames anyway) were built during the 15th century and brought admiration and envy from their neighbours. Only

1947-424: The earlier shingled roofs and the first person to have a tiled roof being singled out for this fact. Wood-shingle roofs mainly survive in the mountainous parts of Navarre and Soule suffering from high snowfall, as wooden roofs allow for more steeply angled roofs which prevent buildup of snow. The eaves are characteristically large, in particular on the front façades, but usually much smaller or non-existent on

2006-423: The entrances. A baserri represents the core unit of traditional Basque society, as the ancestral home of a family. Traditionally, the household is administered by the etxekoandre (lady of the house) and the etxekojaun (master of the house), each with distinctly defined rights, roles and responsibilities. When the couple reaches a certain age upon which they wish to retire, the baserri is formally handed over to

2065-410: The family baserri as unmarried employees or make their own way in the world ( Iglesia o mar o casa real , "Church or sea or royal house"). As such, most baserris have a large stone-carved sign built into the front wall called armarriak (crest-stones) and a decorative lintel stone above the entrance called ate-buru or atalburu (door head). The lintel stone usually states who built the house and

2124-408: The family, the cattle and the stored hay. However, the press house, granaries, pigsty and sheepfolds were located in separate buildings. At this stage, the baserri stands clearly for the whole community behind the economic unit. This period also saw the development of the linguistic counterpart to the baserri for religious matters, the baseliza or "wild church". During the 14th and 15th century, as

2183-473: The fire was located in the centre of the kitchen (similar to Scottish blackhouses ) with a wall-mounted iron rotatable arm but were eventually replaced by fireplaces built into the wall with a chimney . Although commonly encountered on the ground floor, it is not uncommon for kitchens to be located on the 1st floor. If this was the case in the colder regions of the Basque Country, the compulsory bread oven

2242-543: The genitive suffix -(r)ena , e.g. Perurena, Arozena, etc., meaning 'belonging to'. The first king of Navarre, Íñigo Arista of Pamplona , is said to hail from the lineage of Iñigo (Eneko). While the use of -ez was the norm amongst the monarchs of Pamplona and the Lords of Biscay , the first record we have of the use of -ez in the monarchs of Leon is through the consort queens from Navarre: Jimena of Asturias , Oneca of Pamplona or Urraca Fernández . Marital alliances between

2301-414: The historically all important family home. When a farm ( baserri ) was rented to another family, often the new tenants were known locally by the farm name rather than by their officially registered surname. They also referred to the occupation of the head of the family such as Olaberria ("the new forge") or Salaberria (new farm/farmer) or could describe where their home was such as Elizondo ("by

2360-534: The introduction of the Napoleonic Code in France, under which such practices are illegal, greatly upset this tradition in the North. Although the Basques in the north chose to be "creative" with the new laws, it overall resulted in the breakup and ultimate financial ruin of many baserris. In practice the tradition of not breaking up baserris meant that the remaining children had to marry into another baserri, stay on

2419-430: The modern spellings and the pronunciation. Also, vowel-initial Basque surnames from the Northern Basque Country acquired an initial d (French de ) in many cases, often obscuring the original Basque form e.g. Duhalt < de + uhalte ('the stream environs'), Dotchandabarats < de + otxandabaratz ('orchard of the female wolf'), Delouart < del + uharte ('between streams'). Since the introduction of Standard Basque and

Mendizabal - Misplaced Pages Continue

2478-476: The most ancient, going as far back as the 10th century. The Basque monarchy, including the first king of Pamplona, Íñigo Arista of Pamplona , or Eneko Aritza, were the first to use this type of surname. Patronymics are by far the most common surnames in the whole of the Basque Autonomous Community and Navarre. The non-patronymic surnames are often toponymic ones that refer to the family's etxea ,

2537-409: The opposite side. To reduce wind resistance, the north-facing aspect of the roof is often built in a style called miru-buztana ( kite tail) - essentially a hip-roof . On older baserris, the entrance portal can take up up to a third of the façade's surface, often requiring one or more supporting pillars. It almost invariably faces south-east (i.e. opposite to the weather side ) and irrespective of

2596-509: The patronymic endings -ez , -iz or -oz is very similar to that of their use to denote origin or content such as egurrez (made of wood), harriz (made of stone) or ardoz bete (full of wine). In Basque, -z is added to the end of the word if it ends in vowel (as in Muñoz, offspring of Munio) or -ez if the word ends in consonant (as in Antúnez, offspring of Anton). This grammar structure is not always

2655-538: The population began to grow, agricultural activity increased and so did the linking of agricultural activities and animal husbandry on a baserri, leading to an increase in the number of baserris. The late 15th and the 16th century are a period of peace among warring nobiliary factions after years of clashes, in which exactions and abuses on farmers had been rife, leading to a time of optimism and stability. The American and Andalusian conquest opened new opportunities, with small fortunes made by Basque venturers, which propelled

2714-500: The result of the Juntas Generales of Biscay and Gipuzkoa ordering the tower houses ( dorretxeak in Basque) razed following centuries of Basque partisan wars . Many were converted into non-military buildings, resulting in rather unusual baserris. Traditionally, agricultural and pastoral activities formed the mainstay of the inhabitants of a baserri but due to recent economic and societal changes, agrotourism has also become

2773-483: The richest farmers could permit themselves the luxury of building a house "de cal y canto" ("of lime and stone"), paying a team of stonemasons who dug out and worked the stone. Oakwood was, on the other had, cheap and available. The increased building activity led to some of the earliest recorded environmental laws concerning de- and reforestation , such as the law passed by the Batzar of Azkoitia in 1657 which forbade

2832-425: The second class are Martinikorena ("Martinico's [house]", Martinico being a Navarrese hypocorism for Martin ). Another would be Mikelena , "Michael's". The following examples all relate to the location of the family home. Basque non patronymic surnames are relatively easy to spot through the high frequency of certain elements and endings used in their formation, bearing in mind the spelling variants. Outside

2891-424: The suffix -(t)ar . Thus he adopted the habit of giving his name, Sabino Arana Goiri , as Arana ta Goiri'taŕ Sabin . This style was adopted for a while by a number of his fellow Basque Nationalist Party (PNV/EAJ) supporters but has largely fallen out of fashion now. These descriptive surnames can become very long. The family will probably be known by a short form or a nickname. The longest Basque surname recorded

2950-467: The suffix -ez . Furthermore, it is possible that many of the most common patronymic Spanish surnames are not only of Basque-Navarrese origin, but also of royal and aristocratic background. It is logical to assume that the royal families from Leon, Navarre, Aragón and the aristocracy of Biscay, Alava or La Rioja would have had larger numbers of offspring than the regular population given their greater financial means and longer life expectancy. The grammar of

3009-471: The tango. Sergio Mendizábal (1920–2005), Spanish actor See also [ edit ] Ecclesiastical Confiscations of Mendizábal also known as the Desamortizacion Ecclesiastica de Mendizabal encompasses a set of decrees from 1835 to 1837 that resulted in the expropriation, and privatization, of monastic properties in Spain [REDACTED] Surname list This page lists people with

SECTION 50

#1732855072323

3068-401: The views. Along with the disappearance of half-timbered façades in the 18th Century, the portals which were originally built in wood gradually disappeared and were replaced by stone-built portals. The wood in half-timbered façades was traditionally stained red with a paint made from olive oil, ochre and ox blood, although today commercial paints are often used. The white between the timbers

3127-474: The whole are solitary buildings, but generally within view of another baserri. The predecessor of the baserri was the farming community of the late Middle Ages in the hilly Atlantic area, who at one point had learnt and taken up sowing and harvesting (cf. the legend of San Martin Txiki ). The families didn't live in baserri buildings as we know today, but in clusters of small wooden fragile shacks with room enough for

3186-697: The year in which it was built. The armarria either states the name of the village or valley or the family's surname and is often in the style of a coat of arms , a sign of the universal gentry enjoyed in Biscay. The latter practice of displaying the surname is mostly found in the Southern Basque Country. Both are often also carved with Basque symbols, many of them pre-Christian, such as the lauburu , animals, plants and mythical figures. Many Basque surnames stem from place-names and more especially from baserris. However, these surnames are deceptively older than

3245-460: Was a name, later to become a surname, derived from Basque "belasko", 'small raven'. " Aznar " is a medieval Basque, Gascon and Spanish surname arguably based on old Basque "azenari", 'fox' (modern Basque "azeri", cf. old Basque " Zenarrutza " vs. modern Basque " Ziortza "). The non-patronymic, descriptive Basque naming tradition came to a halt when in the 16th century Catholic Church tightened regulations to Christianize practices that didn't stick to

3304-399: Was achieved by painting the surface with lime plaster . The portal ( ataria in Basque) had a central role in the everyday life of the baserritarras, being home to activities ranging from a wide variety of social activities to grinding flour and animal slaughtering. In areas where baserris grouped together in loose settlements, the portal was transformed into a large doorway, usually with

3363-452: Was built on a little balcony , with only the opening facing into the kitchen to minimise fire risks. In the more temperate regions, the bread oven was usually separate from the main baserri building. Historically, the roofing material was wood shingles made from beechwood but today in most regions baserri have tiled roofs. The Basque surname Telletxea ("the tile house") is seen to stem from that era when terracotta tiles replaced

3422-458: Was originally a Basque first name stemming from Basque gartzea , 'the young'. Medieval Basque names follow this descriptive naming pattern about the person, pointing to physical features ("Gutia", "Motza", "Okerra", "Ezkerro", "Zuria", etc.), family relations or geographical origin, e.g. Eneko (Spanish Íñigo ) may be a hypocoristic mother-to-child addressing, 'my little'. In the Middle Ages,

3481-499: Was son of Sancho III of Navarre , grandson of García Sánchez II of Pamplona , and great-grandson of Sancho Garcés II of Pamplona , all of them kings of Navarre who used the suffix -ez and that could have introduced it in this region. As a result of the Reconquista , the Douro basin was repopulated, most probably by people mainly coming from Navarre, Biscay, Cantabria or Alava, who used

#322677