The Melingoi or Milingoi ( Greek : Μηλιγγοί ) were a Slavic tribe that settled in the Peloponnese in southern Greece during the Middle Ages . In the early decades of the 7th century, Slavic tribes ( Sclaveni ) settled throughout the Balkans following the collapse of the Byzantine Empire 's defense of the Danube frontier with some groups reaching as far south as the Peloponnese. The Sclaveni often settled in small groups (i.e., families and clans) and their demographic impact in mainland Greece was both weak and diffuse. Of these, two groups are known by name from later sources, the Melingoi and the Ezeritai , of whom the Melingoi settled on the western slopes of Mount Taygetos . The origin and etymology of the name Melingoi is unknown.
20-663: Their name probably derives from Slavic adjective "*milъ" (sweet). Slavic form of their name possibly sounded like "*Milenьki > *Milenьci", and some scholars related it to the early Slavic tribe of Milceni . Like the Ezeritai, the Melingoi are first mentioned in the De administrando imperio , a manual on statecraft written by the Byzantine emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos ( r. 913–959 ). The emperor records that in his time they paid
40-689: A West Slavic tribe, who settled in the present-day Upper Lusatia region. They were gradually conquered by Germans during the 10th century. They were part of Sorbian tribes. Modern descendants of the Milceni are the Upper Sorbian -speaking Sorbs of the Free State of Saxony , Germany . Pavel Jozef Šafárik derived their name from Lithuanian language milżinas (giant, behemoth, colossus). Mikołaj Rudnicki considered it derives from personal names Milobud and Miloslav. Stanisław Urbańczyk reconstruced
60-422: A tribute of 60 gold nomismata , but that after they had revolted and been defeated, in the reign of Romanos I Lekapenos ( r. 920–945 ), by the strategos Krinites Arotras , they had to pay 600 nomismata . Under Byzantine rule, the Melingoi retained an autonomous existence, but adopted Christianity and became Hellenized in language and culture. During the period of Frankish rule in
80-666: A 1998 American television film directed by Tommy Lee Wallace Spree (film) , a 2020 American film starring Joe Keery "Spree" ( Numbers ) , an episode of the television show Numbers "Spree!", an episode of Hi Hi Puffy AmiYumi Spree TV , a former shopping television channel in Australia The Spree, a terrorist group of witches in Motherland: Fort Salem Other uses [ edit ] Spree (river) , river in Germany Honda Spree ,
100-574: A motor scooter Killing spree Latrell Sprewell (born 1970), nicknamed "Spree", American basketball player Spraoi (pronounced 'spree'), annual festival in Waterford, Ireland Spree (candy) , a type of candy Spree Commerce , an open-source e-commerce platform SpringSpree , the annual cultural festival of the National Institute of Technology, Warangal, India UNSW School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering (SPREE), at
120-448: The 1330s in a number of founder's inscriptions attached to churches in Laconia . One of them, Constantine Spanes, from the notable Spanes family, is called " tzaousios of the droungos of the Melingoi", implying its continued existence as a separate community. N. Nicoloudis identifies the late medieval thema of Kinsterna or Giserna (from Latin : cisterna , "cistern") with
140-756: The 13th–14th centuries, they were employed by both the Frankish lords of the Principality of Achaea and by the Byzantine Greeks of the Despotate of the Morea as soldiers. For instance, according to the Chronicle of the Morea , Prince William II of Villehardouin ( r. 1246–1278 ) awarded to the "great droungos of the Melingoi" exemption from all duties except military service. The Melingoi are still attested during
160-467: The Brave , the Milceni lands returned under German rule by 1031. Enfeoffed to Duke Vratislaus II of Bohemia in 1076, their estates later became known as Land Budissin and Upper Lusatia. In Polish, Upper Lusatia was known as Milsko until the 15th century. The Milceni were still mentioned in the 12th century, both as pago Milzana , and Song of Roland ("the second of big-headed men from Misnes– along
180-572: The Lusatians in 963 and placed them under the rule of Margrave Gero . The Milceni were finally subjugated by Margrave Ekkehard I of Meissen ca. 990 and had their territory incorporated into the Holy Roman Empire . During the 10th–12th centuries, the region of Bautzen was known in written sources (e.g. Thietmar of Merseburg ) as Gau Milsca . Temporarily conquered by the Polish king Bolesław I
200-619: The University of New South Wales, Australia See also [ edit ] Spree shopping Shopping spree (disambiguation) Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Spree . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spree&oldid=1187157810 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
220-528: The area of the Melingoi in the northwestern Mani peninsula . While the elite of the Melingoi was rich and exposed to Byzantine and Frankish influence, the ordinary pastoralist hillman remained more conservative and secluded. Their Slavic language was still spoken as late as the 15th century, when the traveller Laskaris Kananos claimed that their tongue resembled that of the Wends . Many Slavic placenames have been preserved to this day. ^ a: Droungos
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#1732847729291240-610: The case with the Miloxi' s name mentioned by Bavarian Geographer ). Predrag Komatina derived from Slavic adjective "*milъ" (sweet). Some scholars considered common origin with early Slavic tribe of Milingoi/Melingoi in the Eastern Balkans. The exact borders of their settlement area are disputed. It is generally accepted that their fielded land had fruitful loess soil and had dimensions of approximately 50 km from east to west and 20 km from north to south. The northern border
260-421: The ethnonym as Mělъčane , meaning inhabitants of an assumed river called *Mělъcъ or *Mělъča , with similar argumentation by E. Eichler and H. Walther, possibly as an older name of upper Spree . However, that hypothesis ignores consonant "z" and suffix "-jane", which would reject a form of Milčane, and suggest derivation of Milzane/Milzeni < *Milъt-jane < *Milit-jane from Latin milites (possibly also
280-570: The historical description did not match that area. Recent discoveries identified the Liubusa location at Schlossberg near old village Löbsal 12 km north of Meissen , and north of Schlossberg/Löbsal is largest castle complex in Saxony, the Goldkuppe . This was also supported by toponomastic research, being located on the border between Milceni and Glomatians tribal area. There's lack of information about
300-707: The middle of the 9th century AD by the Bavarian Geographer as having 30 civitates . In 992 the Dagome iudex records that " in terram Milze et a fine Milze intra Oddere " was bordering Civitas Schinesghe which was Polish realm of king Mieszko I . Henry the Fowler , King of the Germans, defeated the Slavic tribe in 932 and demanded conversion to Christianity , although this was only partially successful. Emperor Otto I defeated
320-499: The princes of Milceni and Lusici, possibly of Milzeni being certain venerabilis senior Dobremirus married to Saxon count's daughter and father of Emnilda (wife of Bolesław I the Brave ), mentioned by Thietmar of Merserburg. Spree [REDACTED] Look up spree in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Spree may refer to: Film and television [ edit ] The Spree ,
340-574: The vertebrae all down their backs these men have tufted bristles, just like hogs"). Recent archaeological research shows that in the Milzeni's area exist fortifications and castles of large size, some with additional castles and so on, showing a central authority of power, meanwhile, this is exactly lacking in the nearby area of the tribe of Lusici/Lusatians in Lower Lusatia, revealing no tribal seat and authority there. The network of castles in both Lusatia
360-657: Was in swampy and partially infertile terrain, while the southern border formed part of the Lausitzer Bergland . The hills of Burkau near Kamenz formed a natural boundary for the Milceni in the west, while their territory bordered that of the Besunzane in the east. The boundaries of the tribe have also been given as the Pulsnitz River in the west and the Kwisa River in the east. They were first mentioned as Milzane in
380-451: Was originally a Late Roman/Byzantine term for a battalion-sized military unit, but from the 12th century on had been equated with zygos ("mountain range") and applied to various mountainous areas in continental Greece, as well as the militia forces detailed to guard the passes in them (cf. the older term kleisoura ). Milceni The Milceni or Milzeni ( Czech : Milčané ; German : Milzener ; Polish : Milczanie ) were
400-479: Was probably built as defensive effort prior to the Henry's military campaign. One of such fortifications was Liubusua Castle mentioned regarding the 932 events by Thietmar of Merserburg, according to whom it needed 3,000 defenders, and north of it was an even larger and older fortification in ruins which could hold 10,000 people. Until the 20th century they couldn't be located, some argued location in Lower Lusatia, but
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