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31-459: Melan is a village and a former municipality in the Dibër County , northeastern Albania . At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality Dibër . The population at the 2011 census was 3,649. This article about a specific location in Dibër County , Albania, is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Dib%C3%ABr County Topographically ,

62-533: A Turkic ethnic group native to Anatolia . Originally from Central Asia , they migrated to Anatolia in the 13th century and founded the Ottoman Empire , in which they remained socio-politically dominant for the entirety of the six centuries that it existed. Their descendants are the present-day Turkish people , who comprise the majority of the population in the Republic of Turkey , which was established shortly after

93-530: A beylik in Western Anatolia under Ertugrul , the capital of which was Söğüt . Ertugrul, leader of the nomadic Kayı tribe , first established a principality as part of the decaying Seljuk empire. His son Osman expanded the principality; the polity and the people were named "Ottomans" by Europeans after him ("Ottoman" being a corruption of "Osman"). Osman's son Orhan expanded the growing realm into an empire, taking Nicaea (present-day İznik) and crossed

124-608: A great variety of wildflowers . The mountainous area of the county occupies 56.3% of the territory, while the remaining 43.7% by plains and hills. Inside the county, there are two national parks and a nature park , which include the Lurë National Park , Zall-Gjoçaj National Park and the Korab-Koritnik Nature Park . The eastern bound of the county forms a part of the European Green Belt , which serves as

155-429: A retreat for endangered mammal and plant species. It has a total population of around 107,178 people as of the 2023 census. The population density is 41 inhabitants per square kilometre (110/sq mi). Compared to other counties, Dibër has a very low population density. In addition, the remote mountainous areas are almost unpopulated. The largest cities are Peshkopi , Burrel , Bulqizë and Klos . Albanian

186-606: A rich aquifer system, and significant karst underground watercourses. It is home to the source of the river Mat which rises in Martanesh . Besides the Mat, the Drin river is an important waterway in the region. The county territory covers four distinct climatic types as of the Köppen climate classification ; oceanic , continental , mediterranean and subarctic . Located in the interior of Albania,

217-406: Is Peshkopi . Tourism is one of the most important sectors in the county and has the largest potential to be a source for sustainable income, due to its natural and cultural heritage. Although the county has abundant natural resources like chromium , sulfur and marble . Dibër is predominantly an agriculture county. Human activity in the territory of the modern Dibër County can be traced back to

248-511: Is by far the largest religion in the county, forming 81.40% of the total population (111,551 people). There are also some Bektashi Muslims with less 3.84% (5,264 people), 4.36% percent consisting of believers without a denomination (5,970 people) and Christians forming 2.15% of the county's population ( Orthodox (0.09%) (123 people), Evangelists (0.01% (16 people) (and Roman Catholics ) (2.04%) (2,799 people) . Dibër County’s economy historically depended on agriculture and sheparding, although

279-475: Is the official and predominant spoken language in the county with 99.81% native speakers. Minority languages in the county are Italian , Greek , Macedonian , and Serbo-Croatian . Dibër is an historically homogeneous county. The research revealed the following numbers in the county per ethnic group: 124,897 Albanian people (91.13%), 20 Greek people (0.01%), 28 Aromanian people (0.02%), 97 Egyptian people (0.07%), and 19 Macedonian people (0.01%). Islam

310-715: The Balkans , the Caucasus , the Middle East (excluding Iran), and North Africa over the course of several centuries, with an advanced army and navy . The Empire lasted until the end of the First World War, when it was defeated by the Allies and partitioned . Following the successful Turkish War of Independence that ended with the Turkish national movement retaking most of the land lost to

341-568: The Conference of London . The Dibër Valley was cut in half. The western part was assigned to Albania, while the eastern part went to the Kingdom of Serbia , today North Macedonia . Dibër is one of 12 counties of Albania , located in the south and southeast of the Northern Region . It lies between latitudes 42° N, and longitudes 20° E. The county area is 2,586 km (998 sq mi) and

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372-637: The Dardanelles in 1362. All coins unearthed in Söğüt during the two centuries before Orhan bear the names of Illkhanate rulers. The Seljuks were under the suzerainty of the Illkhanates and later the Turco-Mongol conqueror Tamerlane. The Ottoman Empire came into its own when Mehmed II captured the reduced Byzantine Empire 's well-defended capital, Constantinople in 1453. The Ottoman Empire came to rule much of

403-710: The Middle Ages , Dibër was part of the Principality of Kastrioti ruled by the royal Kastrioti family with Gjon Kastrioti on the Albanian throne . After the death of Gjon Kastrioti in 1437, the eastern region was annexed by the Ottomans and became seat of the Sanjak of Dibra . The comprising regions were awarded to his son Gjergj Kastriot Skanderbeg , where he survived to conquer back his father’s land and unite all of Albania in 1444. In

434-731: The Neolithic . The region that today corresponds to the county territory was inhabited by the ancient Illyrian tribe of Penestae. They were the first people to leave lasting traces and cultural heritage throughout the region. It is evidenced by the settlements of the Early Bronze Age in Manasdren, the Middle Bronze Age in Çetush, the Late Bronze Age in Pesjakë and several others. In

465-585: The 1350s, they had begun crossing into Europe and eventually came to dominate the Mediterranean Sea . In 1453, the fall of Constantinople , which had served as the capital city of the Byzantine Empire , enabled the Ottoman Turks to control all major land routes between Asia and Europe. This development forced Western Europeans to find other ways to trade with Asians. Following the dissolution of

496-761: The 15th century, further during the Albanian wars the region was the frontier between the Ottomans and the League of Lezhë . In the 19th century, the Congress of Dibër declared the Albanian language as an official language within the Ottoman Empire. After the Balkan Wars and following the collapse of the Ottoman Empire , the great powers established the borders of the Balkan states at

527-639: The Allies, the movement abolished the Ottoman sultanate on November 1, 1922, and proclaimed the Republic of Turkey on October 29, 1923. The movement nullified the Treaty of Sèvres and negotiated the significantly more favorable Treaty of Lausanne (1923) , assuring recognition of modern Turkish national borders, termed Misak-ı Milli (National Pact). Not all Ottoman Empire citizens were Muslims and not all Ottoman Muslims were Turks , but starting from 1924, every citizen of

558-515: The Great . His contemporary Sheykhi wrote verses on love and romance. Yaziji-Oglu produced a religious epic on Mohammed's life, drawing from the stylistic advances of the previous generation and Ahmedi's epic forms. By the 14th century, the Ottoman Empire's prosperity made manuscript works available to merchants and craftsmen, and produced a flowering of miniatures that depicted pageantry, daily life, commerce, cities and stories, and chronicled events. By

589-796: The Ottoman Empire , the Ottoman Turkish identity ceased to exist; the Ottoman Turkish language , which was written using the Perso-Arabic script , developed into the modern Latinized Turkish language. The Ottomans first became known to the West in the 13th century, when they migrated from their homeland in Central Asia westward to the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum in Anatolia . The Ottoman Turks established

620-475: The Ottomans was created by Mustafa Râkim (1757–1826) as an extension and reform of Osman's style, placing greater emphasis on technical perfection, which broadened the calligraphic art to encompass the sülüs script as well as the Nesih script. Ottoman poetry included epic-length verse but is better known for shorter forms such as the gazel . For example, the epic poet Ahmedi (-1412) is remembered for his Alexander

651-531: The climate is mediterranean with continental influences. Mean monthly temperature ranges between −20  °C (−4  °F ) (in January) and 25–30 °C (77–86 °F) (in July). Mean annual precipitation ranges between 600 millimetres (24 inches) and 1,000 millimetres (39 inches) depending on geographic region and prevailing climate type. Dibër is an historically homogeneous county. Its capital and most populous city

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682-545: The collapse of communism and lack of jobs has led to many Albanians migrating abroad. Dibra is consequently one of the poorer regions of Albania due to its remote and rugged situation, although it is more developed than neighboring Elbasan and Kukës counties which have seen severe economic stagnation. Dibër County is the second least developed county in Albania with only Kukës being less developed. [1] Ottoman Turks The Ottoman Turks ( Turkish : Osmanlı Türkleri ) were

713-784: The county are the presence of the three major mountain ranges which are the Korab mountains in the east, the Lura mountains in the east and the Skanderbeg mountains in the west, separating the Central Mountain Range with the Western Lowlands . The most important rivers flowing through Dibër include the Mat and Black Drin . The Mat river has its source in Martanesh . It heads westwards through deep gorges and canyons to Mat and northwest through

744-462: The county is dominated by mountainous and high terrain, with a great variety of natural features including valleys, canyons, gorges, rivers, glacial lakes and dense forests. Various mountains ranging between 1,500 and 2,700 metres (4,921 and 8,858 ft) meters above sea level run the length of the county from north to south, including the Korab mountains in the east with Mali i Gramës and Korab at an altitude of 2,764 metres (9,068 ft) being

775-557: The end of World War I . Reliable information about the early history of the Ottoman Turks remains scarce, but they take their Turkish name Osmanlı from Osman I , who founded the House of Osman alongside the Ottoman Empire; the name " Osman " was altered to "Ottoman" when it was transliterated into some European languages over time. The Ottoman principality, expanding from Söğüt , gradually began incorporating other Turkish-speaking Muslims and non-Turkish Christians into their realm. By

806-671: The foremost of the arts. The early Yâkût period was supplanted in the late 15th century by a new style pioneered by Şeyh Hamdullah (1429–1520), which became the basis for Ottoman calligraphy, focusing on the Nesih version of the script, which became the standard for copying the Quran (see Islamic calligraphy ). The next great change in Ottoman calligraphy came from the style of Hâfiz Osman (1642–1698), whose rigorous and simplified style found favour with an empire at its peak of territorial extent and governmental burdens. The late calligraphic style of

837-456: The highest mountain in the county and as well as in Albania . The Dejë mountain 2,245 metres (7,365 ft) rises in the center, while in the east the county is dominated by the Lura mountains. The Skanderbeg mountains on the west separates the Central Mountain Range with the Western Lowlands . The county, marked by a significant biological diversity, is water-rich with a dense river network,

868-552: The most profitable empires, connected to the flourishing Islamic cultures of the time, and at the crossroads of trade into Europe. The Ottomans made major developments in calligraphy, writing, law, architecture, and military science, and became the standard of opulence. Because Islam is a monotheistic religion that focuses heavily on learning the central text of the Quran and Islamic culture has historically tended towards discouraging or prohibiting figurative art , calligraphy became one of

899-458: The newly found Turkish Republic became considered as "Turk". Article 88 of 1924 Constitution , which was based on the 1921 Constitution , states that the name Turk, as a political term, shall be understood to include all citizens of the Turkish Republic, without distinction of, or reference to race or religion. The conquest of Constantinople began to make the Ottomans the rulers of one of

930-678: The sixth largest by area in Albania and the second largest in the Northern Region. It is limited to the counties of Kukës to the north and northeast, Lezhë to the northwest, Durrës to the east, Tirana to the southwest, Elbasan to the southeast and North Macedonia to the west. Much of the Dibër County is dominated by mountainous or high terrain, with a great variety of natural features caused by prehistoric glaciers and varied topography . The county lies about 380 meters up to 2,700 metres above sea level . The main topographic features of

961-785: The towns of Klos and Burrel . The Black Drin flows out from the Ohrid lake and passes through Peshkopi and Maqellara . Rising in Ohrid, the Drin river originates near Kukës at the confluence of the Black Drin and White Drin . Phytogeographically , the county falls within the Dinaric Mountains mixed forests and Balkan mixed forests terrestrial ecoregions of the Palearctic temperate broadleaf and mixed forest . The forests are composed of diverse species of deciduous and coniferous trees and

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