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100-480: A megalopolis ( / ˌ m ɛ ɡ ə ˈ l ɒ p ə l ɪ s / ) or a supercity , also called a megaregion , is a group of metropolitan areas which are perceived as a continuous urban area through common systems of transport, economy, resources, ecology, and so on. They are integrated enough that coordinating policy is valuable, although the constituent metropolises keep their individual identities. The megalopolis concept has become highly influential as it introduced

200-548: A trade paperback by Hamlyn in 1993. The complete series was collected by Rebellion Developments in 2009. In the week that the 2012 film Dredd was released in the UK, a 10-page prologue was published in issue #328 of Judge Dredd Megazine , written by its editor, Matt Smith , and illustrated by Henry Flint . "Top of the World, Ma-Ma" told the backstory of the film's main antagonist, Ma-Ma. Five more stories featuring this version of

300-453: A "Mega-City One" in the very next story. The Architects' Journal placed it at No. 1 in their list of "comic book cities". In William Gibson 's Sprawl trilogy , "the Sprawl" is a colloquial name for the " Boston - Atlanta Metropolitan Axis" (BAMA), an urban sprawl environment on a massive scale, and a fictional extension of the real Northeast megalopolis . The Sprawl is a visualization of

400-472: A battle causes him to fall into a lake of acidic chemicals, burning his entire body. Later on, he undergoes rejuvenation treatment, healing him and adding more vitality than a man his age would normally have. In 2130, Dredd is diagnosed with cancer of the duodenum , though it was benign. In 2138, at 72 years old, Dredd undergoes another "rejuve" treatment after being ordered to. It is specified that his entire epidermis, vascular, and muscular tissue are rebuilt on

500-457: A cellular level, once again restoring some lost youth and vitality. He turns down an offer for a full treatment that would rebuild his internal organs and skeleton. Although Dredd holds his duty above every other priority, this devotion is not blind. On two occasions (in "The Robot Wars" and "Tale of the Dead Man"), Dredd resigns from the force on principle, but both times he later returns, believing

600-408: A central city and its suburbs, which may or may not include the entirety of a metropolitan area. Population figures given for one metro area can vary by millions. There has been no significant change in the basic concept of metropolitan areas since its adoption in 1950, although significant changes in geographic distributions have occurred since then, and more are expected. Because of the fluidity of

700-427: A character who took that concept to its logical extreme. In a 1995 interview, Wagner said: "When Pat was putting together 2000 AD , we realised from the success of "One-Eyed Jack" this was the kind of story the paper should have – a really hard, tough cop." Mills had developed a horror strip called Judge Dread (named after the stage name of British ska and reggae artist Alexander Minto Hughes ), before abandoning

800-677: A city"), plural: aires d'attraction des villes . The official translation of this statistical area in English (as used by INSEE) is "functional area". The AAV follows the same definition as the Functional Urban Area (FUA) used by Eurostat and the OECD , and the AAVs are thus strictly comparable to the FUAs. The AAV replaced in 2020 the metropolitan statistical area called aire urbaine (AU). The AU, which

900-474: A continuous urban area is of value, e.g., "to coordinate policy at this expanded scale". Simply put, a megalopolis (or a megaregion) is a clustered network of big cities. Gottmann defined its population as 25 million, while Doxiadis defined a small megalopolis a similar cluster with a population of about 10 million. America 2050, a program of the Regional Plan Association (RPA), lists 11 megaregions in

1000-454: A couple of days in total." Dredd's entire face is never shown in the strip. This began as an unofficial guideline, but soon became a rule. As John Wagner explained: "It sums up the facelessness of justice − justice has no soul. So it isn't necessary for readers to see Dredd's face, and I don't want you to". On rare occasions, Dredd's face has been seen in flashbacks to his childhood; but these pictures lack detail. In an early story, Dredd

1100-460: A daughter, Vienna Dredd, who now sees Joe as an uncle. Dredd's adversaries generally do not return in sequels, since they are usually killed or sentenced to long terms of incarceration. However, a few notable villains have returned in multiple stories, and some later got their own spin-off series. There have been a number of Judge Dredd stories that have significantly developed the Dredd character and/or

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1200-502: A different version of Dredd to that in the DC comic books described above. In Japan, manga comic Shōnen Jump Autumn Special (1995) included a one-off story featuring a unique version of Judge Dredd which was entirely different to both the comic character and the film character. Set in Tokyo in 2099, Dredd Takeru is a part-time street judge whose day job is working as a primary school teacher. From

1300-532: A distinction from a similar concept " metropolitan area " ( 都市圈 ), which is of a smaller scale than a city cluster. In the latest standard terminologies of both economics and urban planning, 城市群 is translated as "city cluster", replacing "agglomeration". Megalopolises in China have become the subject of national government planning. In the Judge Dredd (1977) comic book series and its spinoff series, Mega-City One

1400-658: A district in Kocaeli province and thus in the jurisdiction of the Kocaeli Metropolitan Municipality, is arguably within the metro area of Istanbul with many of its residents commuting to Istanbul for work and the Marmaray, a commuter rail line, extending into the district. The district however, as previously mentioned, is not a part of Istanbul's provincial limits, and thus not subject to the jurisdiction of its metropolitan municipality. The word metropolitan (municipality)

1500-458: A future where virtually the entire East Coast of the United States , from Boston to Atlanta, has melded into a single mass of urban sprawl . It has been enclosed in several geodesic domes and merged into one megacity . The city has become a separate world with its own climate, no real night/day cycle, and an artificial sky that is always grey. Metropolitan area Metropolitan areas in

1600-431: A harmonised definition of the metropolitan area, and the goal was to have an area from which a significant share of the residents commute into the city, a concept known as the "functional urban region". France's national statistics office, INSEE , names an urban core and its surrounding area of commuter influence an aire d'attraction d'une ville    [ fr ] (or AAV, literally meaning "catchment area of

1700-577: A high degree of economic and social integration with the core as measured by commuting ties. The OMB then defines a Combined Statistical Area as consisting of various combinations of adjacent metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas with economic ties measured by commuting patterns. The Office of Management and Budget further defines a core-based statistical area (CBSA) to be a geographical area that consists of one or more counties (or equivalents) anchored by an urban center of at least 10,000 people plus adjacent counties that are socioeconomically tied to

1800-462: A large "Lawmaster" motorcycle equipped with machine-guns, a powerful laser cannon, and full artificial intelligence capable of responding to orders from the Judge and operating itself. In an interview, Ezquerra commented on how he designed the character, stating he received the basic description of "a menacing policeman dressed in black and driving a motorbike." He later described his process on creating

1900-485: A megaregion. "Megalopolis" and other similar terms have been used by different scholars and countries to describe similar spatial forms. A megalopolis, following the work of Gottmann, refers to two or more roughly adjacent metropolitan areas that, through a commonality of systems—e.g., of transport, economy, resources, and ecologies—experience a blurring of the boundaries between the population centers, such that while some degree of separation may remain, their perception as

2000-522: A metropolitan area, it is sufficient that a city or cities form a nucleus with which other areas have a high degree of integration. A metropolitan area is commonly known and characterized by a high concentration in service sector labor and enterprises. Macroeconomics views metropolitan areas as trade regions of economic significance. The Greater Johannesburg metropolitan area is the fourth largest metropolitan area in South Africa . Its population

2100-510: A new, larger scale thinking about urban patterns and growth. The term comes from the Greek word megalo-polis (big city), and has specific geographic definitions dating from 1832, when its meaning was "a metropolis," that is, "a very large, heavily populated urban complex". In the late 1950s and early 1960s, Jean Gottmann , a professor of political science at the University of Paris and member of

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2200-467: A normal Italian province. The list of metropolitan areas in Sweden is collated based on statistics of commuting between central municipalities and surrounding municipalities and taking into account existing planning cooperation in the country's three geographic regions. They were defined around 1965. In 2005, a number of further municipalities were added to the defined areas. The word metropolitan describes

2300-469: A population exceeding one million as a metropolitan area as per the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 . In Indonesia , the government of Indonesia defines a metropolitan area as an urban agglomeration where its spatial planning is prioritised due to its highly important influence on the country. Jakarta , Surabaya , Bandung , Semarang , Medan , Makassar , Palembang are important metropolitan area in

2400-465: A similar attraction at a smaller scale for a region, the concept of a regiopolis and a respective regiopolitan area, or regio, was introduced by German professors in 2006. In the United States, the term micropolitan statistical area is used. A metropolitan area combines an urban agglomeration with the contiguous built-up areas, which are not necessarily urban in character but are closely bound to

2500-437: A stun shot has also been depicted in the comic, and a variety of other rounds have been shown in the films. Dredd's first stories take place in the year 2099, 122 years after their publication date in 1977. His regular stories are generally set 122 years after their real-world publication date (unless otherwise stated as a flashback or prequel story), so that stories published in 2024 are set in 2146. The setting of Judge Dredd

2600-503: A variety of artists as Mills tried to find a strip which would provide a good introduction to the character. This Judge Dredd would not be ready for the first issue of 2000 AD , launched in February 1977. The story chosen to introduce the character was submitted by freelance writer Peter Harris, and was extensively re-written by Mills, who added a new ending suggested by Kelvin Gosnell. It

2700-702: A variety of spin-off stories set in the same universe. Almost all of the stories from both comics are currently being reprinted in their original order of publication in a series of trade paperbacks . Stories from the regular issues of 2000 AD and the Megazine are collected in a series entitled Judge Dredd: The Complete Case Files. This series began in 2005 and is still ongoing as of 2024. Stories from special holiday issues and annuals appeared in Judge Dredd: The Restricted Files . This four-volume series began in 2010 and concluded in 2012. Joseph Dredd

2800-458: Is a dystopian future Earth damaged by a series of international conflicts; much of the planet has become radioactive wasteland, and so populations have aggregated in enormous conurbations known as 'mega-cities'. The story is centred on the megalopolis of Mega-City One , on the east coast of North America. Within Mega-City One, extensive automation (including intelligent robots) has rendered

2900-467: Is a huge fictional megalopolis-size city-state covering much of what is now the Eastern United States and some of Canada . The exact geography of the city depends on which writer and artist has done which story. However, from its first appearance it has been associated with New York City 's urban sprawl ; originally, it was presented as a future New York, which was retconned as the centre of

3000-480: Is a law enforcement and judicial officer in the dystopian future city of Mega-City One , which covers most of the east coast of North America. He is a " street judge ", empowered to summarily arrest, convict, sentence, and execute criminals. Judge Dredd stories often satirize American and British culture, with a focus on authoritarianism and police brutality . Judge Dredd made his live-action debut in 1995 in Judge Dredd , portrayed by Sylvester Stallone . Later, he

3100-523: Is a metropolitan area in the United Arab Emirates. It consists of the combined, greater urban areas of Dubai, Ajman, and Sharjah. The urban areas at the northeast end of Dubai flow into those of Sharjah, which in turn are contiguous with those of Ajman. The total population is about 5.9 million people as of 2023 The European Union 's statistical agency Eurostat has created a concept named larger urban zone (LUZ). The LUZ represents an attempt at

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3200-714: Is appointed to the Council of Five, Mega-City One's highest governing body below the Chief Judge, on which he serves for two years (2132 to 2134). On several occasions, he saves his city from conquest or destruction by powerful enemies, and in 2114, he saves the entire world during the Fourth World War . In 2107, Dredd loses his eyes in combat during the story City of the Damned . He has them replaced with bionic eyes that grant him night-vision. In 2112, he suffers near-fatal wounds when

3300-473: Is forced to remove his helmet and the other characters react as if he is disfigured, but his face was covered by a faux censorship sticker. In prog 52, during Dredd's tenure on the Lunar Colonies, he uses a 'face-change' machine to impersonate the crooked lawyer of a gang of bank robbers. In Carlos Ezquerra's original design, Dredd had large lips, "to put a mystery as to his racial background". Not all of

3400-466: Is generally only used as an administrative distinction in Turkey. The United Kingdom 's Office for National Statistics defines " travel to work areas " as areas where "at least 75% of an area's resident workforce work in the area and at least 75% of the people who work in the area also live in the area". The European Union 's ESPON group has compiled a separate list of metropolitan areas which covers

3500-563: Is located in Luzon ), Metro Cebu (which is located in Visayas ), Metro Davao (which is located in Mindanao ), and Greater Manila Area (which is the largest metropolitan area of Manila ). The official definition of each area does not necessarily follow the actual extent of continuous urbanization. For example, the built-up area of Metro Manila has long spilled out of its officially defined borders into

3600-477: Is named after some historical person or TV character, usually for comic effect. A minority live in "mopads" - an evolution of the mobile home, and constantly travel Mega-City One's extensive road network. Mega-City One extends from Boston to Charlotte ; but extended into Florida before the Apocalypse War laid waste to the southern sectors. At its height, the city contained a population of about 800 million; after

3700-572: Is not tabulated on the level of these Areas, but instead at the municipality or state level. In Canada, a census metropolitan area (CMA) or census agglomeration (CA) consists of one or more neighboring municipalities centered around a core population. A CMA requires a total population of at least 100,000, with 50,000 or more residing in the core, while a CA requires a core population of at least 10,000. Both are determined using data from Canada's Census of Population Program, and surrounding municipalities must demonstrate strong economic integration with

3800-588: Is responsible not only for law enforcement, but is also the government, since the United States was overthrown in 2070 following the Third World War , which devastated much of America. The Judges are a ruling class, the ordinary citizens having no participation in government except at the municipal level. Dredd was once offered the job of Chief Judge, but he refused it. The Judge System has spread world-wide, with various super-cities possessing similar methods of law enforcement. As such, this political model has become

3900-464: Is the most famous of the Street Judges that patrol Mega-City One , empowered to instantly convict, sentence, and sometimes execute offenders. Dredd is armed with a " Lawgiver ", a pistol programmed to recognise only his palm-print and capable of firing six types of ammunition , a daystick , a boot knife and stun or gas grenades . His helmet obscures his face, except for his mouth and jaw. He rides

4000-597: The Daily Star strips were subsequently coloured and published in Metal Hammer magazine in the 1990s. In 2012, Dredd was one of 10 British comic characters commemorated in a series of stamps issued by the Royal Mail . Between 2015 and 2018, Hachette Partworks published a fortnightly partwork collection of hardback books entitled Judge Dredd: The Mega Collection . This included not only Judge Dredd stories but also

4100-543: The Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton , directed "A Study of Megalopolis" for The Twentieth Century Fund , wherein he described a megalopolis as a "world of ideas". Gottmann, in his extensive studies, applied the term megalopolis to an analysis of the urbanized northeastern seaboard of the U.S., in particular from Boston , Massachusetts to Washington, D.C. (the Northeast megalopolis ). A megalopolis may also be called

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4200-585: The International Labour Organization , the OECD , and the World Bank have agreed on a common methodological framework for delimitation of urban and rural areas, which contains a definition of metropolitan areas called the Functional urban area . It is defined as a city and its commuting zone, which is a contiguous area of spatial units that have at least 15% of their employed residents working in

4300-742: The Islamabad Capital Territory ; two are located in Sindh , including Karachi , the largest metropolitan area in the country, and Hyderabad ; one in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa : Peshawar ; and the final in Balochistan : Quetta . The Philippines currently has three metropolitan areas defined by the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA). These metropolitan areas are separated into three main geographical areas; Metro Manila (which

4400-773: The Paris metropolitan area ( Paris ). In other cases, metropolitan areas contain multiple centers of equal or close to equal importance, especially in the United States; for example, the Dallas–Fort Worth metropolitan area has eight principal cities. The Islamabad–Rawalpindi metropolitan area in Pakistan, the Rhine-Ruhr in Germany, and the Randstad in The Netherlands are other examples. In

4500-524: The United States , the concept of metropolitan statistical areas has gained prominence. The area of the Greater Washington metropolitan area is an example of statistically grouping independent cities and county areas from various states to form a larger city because of proximity, history and recent urban convergence. Metropolitan areas may themselves be part of a greater megalopolis . For urban centres located outside metropolitan areas that generate

4600-515: The Apocalypse War, it was halved to 400 million. Street Judges act as police, judge, jury, and executioner. Capital punishment in Mega-City One is rarely used, though deaths while resisting arrest are commonplace. Numerous writers have used the Judge System to satirize contemporary politics. Judges, once appointed, can be broadly characterised as "Street Judges" (who patrol the city), and administrative (office-based) Judges. The Justice Department

4700-760: The Bio Bio Region, with a population of about a million people living in it. Smaller "metropolitan" areas are known as conurbations. Conurbaciones tend to have a bit over 200.000 inhabitants to be considered as such. An example is the Conurbacion de Rancagua, which considers the area shared by the city of Rancagua, and the adjacent smaller towns of Machalí, Gultro and Graneros. Metropolitan areas are known as zonas metropolitanas in Mexico. The National Population Council (CONAPO) defines them as: As of 2018, there are 74 zonas metropolitanas in Mexico. 75.1 million people, 62.8% of

4800-691: The British comic, but since 2012 IDW Publishing has published a variety of Judge Dredd titles featuring original stories. Since 1990, Dredd has also had his own title in Britain, the Judge Dredd Megazine . With Wagner concentrating his energies on that, the Dredd strip in 2000 AD was left to younger writers, including Garth Ennis , Mark Millar , Grant Morrison and John Smith . Their stories were less popular with fans, and sales fell. Wagner returned to writing

4900-567: The Cultivation and Development of Modern Metropolitan Areas ( 关于培育发展现代化都市圈的指导意见 ) on Feb 19, 2019, in which a metropolitan area was defined as "an urbanized spatial form in a megalopolis dominated by (a) supercity(-ies) or megacity(-ies), or a large metropolis playing a leading part, and within the basic range of 1-hour commute area." In India , a metropolitan city is defined as one with a population more than four million. In policing jurisdiction, state governments can declare any city or town with

5000-506: The Greater Johannesburg metropolitan area houses roughly ten times the population of its core municipal city of Johannesburg , which contained 957,441 people as of the 2011 census. The IBGE defines also "Immediate Geographic Areas" (formerly termed microregions ) which capture the region "surrounding urban centers for the supply of immediate needs of the population". Intended for policy planning purposes, as of March 2021 census data

5100-472: The Judge System with something else (he was unaware Rico Dredd had gone renegade and later died by Joe's hand). After Eustace Fargo dies, Dredd decides not to share the man's final words. In more recent years, Dredd has met other Fargo clones such as Kraken and Nimrod. He has also developed a family of sorts with the introduction of two younger clones of his own named Dolman and Judge Rico (no first name). Dredd also discovered his older brother Rico Dredd fathered

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5200-470: The Judge System, while imperfect and vulnerable to corruption, is the best protection that currently exists for people. In 2113, Dredd insists the Justice Department gamble its existence on a referendum to prove its legitimacy. In 2116 , he risks 20 years imprisonment with hard labour when he challenges the policy of a Chief Judge. In 2129, Dredd threatens to resign if the Chief Judge doesn't change

5300-503: The Justice Department, wondering if the system has taken away "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness" while trying to instill strict order and control. Three weeks later, Fargo is placed in suspended animation and the Dredd brothers return to the Academy. After the Battle of Armageddon in 2071, President "Bad Bob" Booth is captured, tried for war crimes, and sentenced to suspended animation. In

5400-511: The U.S. and seven for Puerto Rico) and 541 Micropolitan Statistical Areas (μSAs – 536 for the U.S. and five for Puerto Rico). The 169 Combined Statistical Areas (166 for the U.S. and three for Puerto Rico) each comprise two or more adjacent Core Based Statistical Areas. The Office of Management and Budget defines a Metropolitan Statistical Area as one or more adjacent counties or county equivalents that have at least one urban area of at least 50,000 population, plus adjacent territory that has

5500-429: The UK. Judge Dredd Judge Joseph Dredd is a fictional character created by writer John Wagner and artist Carlos Ezquerra . He first appeared in the second issue of the British weekly anthology comic 2000 AD (1977). He is the magazine's longest-running character, and in 1990 he got his own title, the Judge Dredd Megazine . He also appears in a number of film and video game adaptations. Judge Dredd

5600-504: The United States and Canada . Megaregions of the United States were explored in a July 2005 report by Robert E. Lang and Dawn Dhavale of the Metropolitan Institute at Virginia Tech . A later 2007 article by Lang and Nelson uses 20 "megapolitan" areas grouped into 10 megaregions. The concept is based on the original "Megalopolis model". Modern interlinked ground transportation corridors , such as rail and highway, often aid in

5700-424: The United States are delineated around the core of a core based statistical area which is defined as an urban area , (this is different than the urban core ) and consists of central and outlying counties, as the terms central city and suburb are no longer used by the census bureau due to suburbanization of employment. In other countries metropolitan areas are sometimes anchored by one central city such as

5800-574: The adjacent provinces of Bulacan , Rizal , Laguna , and Cavite known as Greater Manila Area . The number of metropolitan areas in the Philippines was reduced from 13 in 2007 to the current three based from the 2017–2022 Philippine Development Plan by NEDA. The other 10 metropolitan areas were Metro Angeles , Metro Bacolod , Metro Baguio , Metro Batangas , Metro Cagayan de Oro , Metro Dagupan , Metro Iloilo–Guimaras , Metro Butuan , Metro Naga , and Metro Olongapo . Dubai - Sharjah - Ajman (DSA)

5900-480: The artists who worked on the strip were told of this. Mike McMahon drew Dredd as a black man, while Brian Bolland and Ron Smith drew him as white. The strip was not yet printed in colour, and this went unnoticed. The idea was dropped. Time passes in the Judge Dredd strip in real time, so as a year passes in life, a year passes in the comic. The first Dredd story, published in 1977, was set in 2099, 122 years in

6000-656: The center by employment or other commerce. These outlying zones are sometimes known as a commuter belt and may extend well beyond the urban zone to other political entities. For example, East Hampton, New York , on Long Island is considered part of the New York metropolitan area . In 2020, the European Commission , the Food and Agriculture Organization , the United Nations Human Settlements Programme ,

6100-565: The central municipality governing local services in a province with more than 750.000 residents in Turkey , like Istanbul and its metropolitan municipality, the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality . There are 30 officially defined "metropolitan municipalities" in Turkey. This classification, however, is only used for administrative purposes, and sometimes contradicts the colloquial use of the term "metro area". As an example, Gebze,

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6200-520: The character full-time for 2000 AD in 1994. Judge Dredd has also been published in a long-running comic strip (1981–1998) in the Daily Star , and briefly in Metro from January to April 2004. These were usually created by the same teams writing and drawing the main strip, and some of the Daily Star strips have been collected into two hardback volumes . Originally published in black and white, some of

6300-415: The character looked like a "Spanish pirate." Wagner's initial script was rewritten by Mills and drawn up by Ezquerra. The hardware and cityscapes Ezquerra had drawn were far more futuristic than the near-future setting originally intended; in response, Mills set the story further into the future, on the advice of his art assistant Doug Church. The original launch story written by Wagner and drawn by Ezquerra

6400-439: The character was given to Carlos Ezquerra , a Spanish artist who had worked for Mills before on Battle Picture Weekly . Wagner gave Ezquerra an advertisement for the film Death Race 2000 , showing the character Frankenstein (played by David Carradine ) clad in black leather on a motorbike, as a suggestion of Dredd's appearance. Ezquerra added body-armour, zips, and chains, which Wagner initially objected to, commenting that

6500-488: The character were published in Judge Dredd Megazine : "Underbelly" in #340–342 (2013), "Uprise" in #350–354 (2014), "Dust" in #367–371 (2015–'16), "Furies" in #386–387 (2017), and "The Dead World" in #392–396 (2018) (there were also two Judge Anderson stories featuring the film version of that character in #377–379). Year One, Mega-City Two, Deviations, Under Siege, Toxic and False Witness were later reprinted in

6600-563: The character, starting in prog 9. His storyline, "The Robot Wars", was drawn by a rotating team of artists (including Ezquerra), and marked the point where Dredd became the most popular character in the comic, a position he has rarely relinquished. Judge Dredd has appeared in almost every issue since, most of the stories written by Wagner (in collaboration with Alan Grant between 1980 and 1988). In 1983, Judge Dredd made his American debut with his own series from publisher Eagle Comics , titled Judge Dredd . It consisted of stories reprinted from

6700-458: The character: "When I create a character, I'll do it fairly quickly, the longer you stay working on an idea, the more chances you have to spoil it and Dredd was not an exception. I draw the essentials: grim face, black suit, menacing helmet (based on the Greeks ), protections, and gun readily available when sitting on the bike, after that I started to embellish the protections and bike with symbols, maybe

6800-573: The city's harsh anti-mutant apartheid laws . In 2129 ( 2000 AD #1535), Dredd is present when his clone-father Eustace Fargo is revived from cryogenic suspension, only to die later the same day. Before Fargo dies, he calls for Dredd to be at his side and admits his conclusion that the Judge system was a mistake that killed the American Dream, that it was meant to fix things but not last forever. Since Joe and Rico Dredd are his blood, Eustace hopes they will fix his mistakes, implying they should replace

6900-481: The city. In practice, the parameters of metropolitan areas, in both official and unofficial usage, are not consistent. Sometimes they are little different from an urban area, and in other cases, they cover broad regions that have little relation to a single urban settlement; comparative statistics for metropolitan areas should take this into account. The term metropolitan can also refer to a county -level municipal government structure, with some shared services between

7000-641: The core, measured by commuting patterns. There are three metropolitan areas in Chile, the biggest and most important one is the Gran Santiago in the Santiago Metropolitan Region, with over 7 million inhabitants, making it the largest and most populated urban area in Chile. The other two metro areas are Gran Valparaiso in the Valparaiso Region with almost a million inhabitants, and Gran Concepción in

7100-542: The country population, live within a metropolitan area. As of February 28, 2013, the United States Office of Management and Budget (OMB) defined 1,098 statistical areas for the metropolitan areas of the United States and Puerto Rico . These 1,098 statistical areas comprise 929 Core-Based Statistical Areas (CBSAs) and 169 Combined Statistical Areas (CSAs). The 929 Core-Based Statistical Areas are divided into 388 Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs – 381 for

7200-548: The country. For urban centers outside metropolitan areas, that generate a similar attraction at smaller scale for their region, the concept of the Regiopolis and respectively regiopolitan area or region was introduced by German professors in 2006. In 2001 Italy transformed 14 provinces of some of the country's largest cities into Metropolitan Cities . Therefore, the territory of the Metropolitan City corresponds to that of

7300-524: The country. Currently, there are 10 metropolitan cities in Indonesia that have been recognized by the government. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Metropolitan_areas_of_Malaysia Pakistan has nine metropolitan areas with populations greater than a million. Five of these are entirely in Punjab including Lahore , Faisalabad , Gujranwala , Multan ; one ( Islamabad-Rawalpindi is split between Punjab and

7400-402: The development of megalopolises. Using these commuter passageways to travel throughout the megalopolis is informally called megaloping , a term coined by Davide Gadren and Stefan Berteau. In Brazil, the term megarregião has a legal meaning, different from the English word megaregion : mesoregions of Brazil ( mesorregião ) and microregions of Brazil ( microrregião ). In China ,

7500-440: The fictional world, or which create and add to a larger storyline. These are listed below (for a complete list of all stories see here ). Shortly before the release of the 1995 film , three new comic book titles were released, followed by a one-off comic version of the film story. DC Comics published an alternative version of Judge Dredd between 1994 and 1996, lasting 18 issues. Continuity and history were different from both

7600-1131: The functional extent of a city as it contains the majority of the commuting population. GCCSAs replaced "Statistical Divisions" used until 2011. Other metropolitan areas in Australia include cross border cities or continuous built-up areas between two or more cities that are connected by an extensive public transport network that allows for commuting for work or services. In Bangladesh , the large population centres which have significant financial, political and administrative importance are considered to be as Metropolitan cities, which are governed by City Corporations . In total, there are 12 city corporations in Bangladesh. 4 of them ( Dhaka North City Corporation , Dhaka South City Corporation , Narayanganj City Corporation , Gazipur City Corporation ) are part of Dhaka Metropolitan Area . In China , there used to be no clear distinction between megalopolis ( 城市群 , lit. city cluster) and metropolitan area ( 都市圈 ) until National Development and Reform Commission issued Guidelines on

7700-522: The future, and so stories published in 2024 are set 122 years in the future, in 2146. Consequently, as former editor Alan McKenzie explains, "every year that goes by Dredd gets a year older – unlike Spider-Man , who has been a university student for the past twenty-five years!". Therefore, Dredd was 38 when he first appeared, but is now 84–85 years old, with 66–67 years of active service (2079–2146), and for almost 30 years Dredd's age and fitness for duty were recurring plot points (in prog 1595 (2008), Dredd

7800-409: The idea as unsuitable for the new comic; but the name, with the spelling modified to "Dredd" at the suggestion of sub-editor Kelvin Gosnell , was adopted by Wagner. According to Mills, the name Joseph – given to Dredd in a story written by Mills which appeared in "prog" (short for programme or issue) no. 30 – refers to where he went to school, St Joseph's College, Ipswich . The task of visualising

7900-509: The majority of the population unemployed. As a consequence, the general population is prone to embracing any fashion or craze they encounter. Mega-City One is surrounded by the inhospitable "Cursed Earth", a radioactive desert populated by outlaws and mutants. Much of the remaining world's geography is somewhat vague, although other mega-cities are visited in the strip. The majority of Mega-City One's population lives in gigantic towers known as City Blocks , each holding some 50,000 people. Each

8000-445: The most common form of government on Earth, with only a few small areas practicing civilian rule. In 2066, Joseph Dredd and his older (by twelve minutes) "brother" Rico Dredd are cloned from the DNA of Chief Judge Fargo , the founder of the Judge System, who was said to have died in the line of duty years before. Their growth is artificially accelerated in gestation so they are "born" with

8100-515: The official term corresponding to the meaning of "megalopolis" is ' 城市群 ' ( chéngshì qún ), which, in Chinese, was originally coined by Yao Shimou and literally means "city cluster". A "city cluster" is defined as "[a]n area in which cities are relatively densely distributed in a certain region". In an older standard, the term was mistranslated as " agglomeration ". In 2019, National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) published guidelines and made

8200-401: The one to carry his brother's body away. Over the decades, Joe Dredd becomes a major force protecting Mega-City One and is sometimes the biggest catalyst in preventing its destruction. Offered the opportunity to become Chief Judge in 2101, Dredd declines, preferring to serve on the streets enforcing the law, though he does temporarily serve in other senior positions. In "Tour of Duty", Dredd

8300-418: The original 2000 AD version and the 1995 film. A major difference was that Chief Judge Fargo , portrayed as incorruptible in the original version, was depicted as evil in the DC version. Most issues were written by Andrew Helfer , but the last issue was written by Gordon Rennie , who has since written Judge Dredd for 2000 AD (Note: the DC crossover story Batman/Judge Dredd: Judgment on Gotham featured

8400-400: The original Dredd, not the version depicted in this title). Another DC Comics title, lasting 13 issues between 1994 and 1995. Although these were intended to feature the same version of Judge Dredd as in the other DC title, the first four issues were written by John Wagner and Alan Grant and were consistent with their original 2000 AD version. From the same publishers as 2000 AD , this

8500-553: The panic-stricken public. Cadets Joe Dredd and Rico Dredd are temporarily made full judges to help restore order under the supervision of Judge Kinnison, despite being physically and mentally only nine years old. They make their first kills stopping a rape gang but are unable to prevent Kinnison's death in action. During the war, they discover their clone-father Eustace Fargo is still alive, hidden by higher ranking judges. Seeing them as kin, Fargo recruits Joe and Rico to be his temporary bodyguards. He openly tells them his doubts regarding

8600-487: The penal colony on Saturn's moon Titan (a typical punishment for corrupt Judges). Joe Dredd continues operating as a judge, quickly gaining a reputation throughout the city as a formidable and incorruptible law enforcement agent. In 2099, Rico Dredd returns to Earth after serving his 20-year sentence. He comes after Joe for revenge, challenging him to a fast draw. No longer used to Earth's gravity, Rico loses and Joe shoots him dead in self-defence. Visibly upset, Joe insists he be

8700-516: The physiological and mental development of a 5-year-old child, with appropriate knowledge and training already implanted in their brains. The last name "Dredd" is chosen by the genetic scientist who created them, Morton Judd , to "instill fear in the population." In 2070, the corrupt President Robert Linus Booth starts World War III, also known as the Atomic Wars , and the Judges move to restore order to

8800-474: The probability is that I won't still be around when it happens! I would love to write it, but I can't see it happening. I'll leave the script in my will". The Lawgiver is a fictional weapon used by the Judges including Judge Dredd . The Lawgiver is a self-loading handgun featuring manual and automatic focusing and targeting, plus a built-in computer capable of controlling its operation. An in-line gunsight shows

8900-506: The same publishers as 2000 AD , this was a series of ultra-violent one-off stories from "a separate and aggressive Dredd world". The first eight episodes were originally published in Rock Power magazine, and were all co-written by John Wagner and Alan Grant and illustrated by Simon Bisley . These were reprinted, together with 11 new stories (some by other creators), in Judge Dredd Megazine . The original eight stories were collected in

9000-405: The term "metropolitan statistical area", the term used colloquially is more often "metro service area", "metro area", or "MSA", taken to include not only a city but also the surrounding suburban, exurban and sometimes rural areas, all of which the city is presumed to influence. A polycentric metropolitan area contains multiple urban agglomerations not connected by continuous development. In defining

9100-400: The urban center by commuting. The Australian Bureau of Statistics uses Greater Capital City Statistical Areas (GCCSAs), which are geographical areas designed to represent the functional extent of each of the eight state and territory capital cities. They were designed to reflect labor markets, using the 2011 Census "travel to work" data. Labor markets are sometimes used as proxy measures of

9200-432: The view directly down the barrel. A Lawgiver can only be operated by its designated Judge owner, whose palm print is programmed into the gun's memory. Any attempt by a non-designated user to fire a Lawgiver causes the weapon to self-destruct (a feature introduced by writer Malcolm Shaw ). The gun fires six different kinds of rounds, which a Judge can switch via voice command: As well as the usual six rounds listed above,

9300-815: The wake of World War III, the office of the President is retired and the Judges now have full control over what's left of America. Distinguishing themselves, the Dredds are fast-tracked through the Academy of Law. Rico graduates at the top of their class in 2079, with Joseph graduating second. Joe's final assessment is done under the supervision of Judge Morphy, who is impressed with the young man and passes him. Joe later discovers Rico has embraced corruption, engaging in multiple crimes including murder, justifying his actions by saying Judges are thugs and killers by nature. Rico asks Joe to help him cover his crimes, but Joe arrests his brother instead, sentencing him to 20 years of hard labour on

9400-543: Was defined differently than the AAV, has now been discarded by INSEE and replaced with the AAV in order to facilitate international comparisons. Metropolitan regions in Germany by definition, are the eleven urban areas that are the most densely populated areas in the Federal Republic of Germany . They comprise the major German cities and their surrounding catchment areas and form the political, commercial and cultural centers of

9500-469: Was diagnosed with benign cancer of the duodenum ). How Dredd's aging would be addressed was a source of reader speculation until 2016, when writer Michael Carroll and artist Ben Willsher published the story "Carousel", in which Dredd is ordered to undertake rejuvenation treatment that restores him to his physical prime. Regarding the possible death of the character, in an interview with Empire in 2012 Wagner said: "There could be many ways to end it, but

9600-438: Was drawn by newcomer Mike McMahon . The strip debuted in prog 2. Around this time Ezquerra quit and returned to work for Battle . There are conflicting sources about why. Ezquerra says it was because he was angry that another artist had drawn the first published Judge Dredd strip. Mills says he chose McMahon because Ezquerra had already left, having been offered a better deal by the editor of Battle . Wagner soon returned to

9700-561: Was nevertheless a completely different version of Dredd aimed at younger readers. Editor David Bishop prohibited writers from showing Dredd killing anyone, a reluctance which would be completely unfamiliar to readers acquainted with the original version. As one reviewer put it years later: "this was Judge Dredd with two vital ingredients missing: his balls." It ran fortnightly for 23 issues from 1995 to 1996, plus one Action Special . Written by Andrew Helfer and illustrated by Carlos Ezquerra and Michael Danza. Published by DC Comics in 1995, but

9800-574: Was over 9.6 million as of the 2011 South Africa Census, in contrast to its urban area, which consisted of approximately 7.9 million inhabitants as of 2011. Conversely, metropolitan municipalities in South Africa are defined as commonly governed areas of a metropolitan area. The largest such metropolitan municipal government entity in South Africa is the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality , which presided over nearly 5 million people as of 2016. However,

9900-404: Was portrayed by Karl Urban in the 2012 adaptation Dredd . In audio dramas by Big Finish Productions , Dredd is voiced by Toby Longworth . When comics editor Pat Mills was developing 2000 AD in 1976, he brought in his former writing partner, John Wagner , to develop characters. Wagner had written a Dirty Harry -style "tough cop" story, " One-Eyed Jack ", for Valiant , and suggested

10000-475: Was vetoed by the board of directors for being too violent. A new script was needed for the first episode. By this stage, Wagner had quit, disillusioned that a proposed buy-out of the new comic by another company, which would have given him and Mills a greater financial stake in the comic, had fallen through. Mills was reluctant to lose Judge Dredd and farmed the strip out to a variety of freelance writers, hoping to develop it further. Their scripts were given to

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