The McMahan House at 203 Washington St. in La Grange, Kentucky was built in c.1820 as a brick I-house . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.
62-470: It is notable as "the only remaining early nineteenth century structure in LaGrange, Kentucky. As such, the five-bay brick I-house is the town's only tangible link with its early settlement and building period. The double-stretcher Flemish bond of the north facade and the remaining interior Federal moldings and mantles are evidence of the building's early construction date...." It is a contributing building in
124-551: A 15-man Court Of Directors to oversee the hospital's operations and admissions. In 1771, contractor Benjamin Powell constructed a two-story building on Francis Street near the college, capable of housing 24 patients. The design included "yards for patients to walk and take the Air in" as well as provisions for a fence to keep the patients out of the town. The Gunpowder Incident began in April 1775 as
186-624: A 301-acre (1.22 km ) Historic Area celebrating the patriots and early history of the colonial-era. As of 2022 , Colonial Williamsburg is Virginia's largest tourist attraction by attendance and the cornerstone of the Historic Triangle , with Jamestown and Yorktown joined by the Colonial Parkway . In the 21st century, Williamsburg has continued to update and refine its attractions. There are more features designed to attract modern children and to offer better and additional interpretation of
248-422: A Norwegian-American who had earlier farmed in the midwestern states, realized that eastern Virginia's gentler climate and depressed post-Civil War land prices would be attractive to his fellow Scandinavians who were farming in other northern parts of the country. He began sending out notices and selling land. Soon there was a substantial concentration of relocated Americans of Norwegian, Swedish, and Danish descent in
310-523: A church, and a magazine for the storage of arms. In 1722, Williamsburg was granted a royal charter as a "city incorporate", which is now believed to be the oldest charter in the United States. Middle Plantation was included in James City Shire when it was established in 1634, as the colony reached a total population of approximately 5,000. (James City and Virginia's other shires changed their names
372-518: A decorative form of brickwork pattern, as distinct from functional bonds such as English bond . Bricks known as stretchers are laid lengthwise and are alternated adjacent on the same horizontal plane ( courses ) with bricks known as headers that are laid with their shorter ends exposed. The decorative nature of the pattern can be accented by glazing or buring the headers. In the British North American colonies, this shiny black glazing
434-436: A defensive palisade across the peninsula and a settlement named Middle Plantation as a primary guard-station along the palisade. Jamestown, the original capital of Virginia Colony, burned down during the events of Bacon's Rebellion in 1676. Once Governor William Berkeley had regained control, temporary government headquarters were established about 12 miles (19 km) away on the high ground at Middle Plantation, pending
496-470: A dispute between Dunmore and Virginia colonists over gunpowder stored in the Williamsburg magazine. Fearing rebellion, Dunmore ordered royal marines to seize gunpowder from the magazine. Virginia militia led by Patrick Henry responded to the "theft" and marched on Williamsburg. A standoff ensued, with Dunmore threatening to destroy the city if attacked by the militia. The dispute was resolved when payment for
558-634: A dramatic demographic shift in the city, reporting that Williamsburg was 48% White and 37% Black. Census data shows almost all of the Black population growth occurring in Census blocks containing William and Mary dorms, but data from the State Council of Higher Education for Virginia shows no growth in the number of Black students in William and Mary dorms during the 2010s. University of Virginia researchers believe that
620-406: A few years later; James City Shire then became known as James City County ). The middle ground ridge-line was essentially the dividing line with Charles River Shire , which was renamed York County after King Charles I ( r. 1625–1649 ) fell out of favor with the citizens of England. As Middle Plantation (and later Williamsburg) developed, the boundaries were adjusted slightly. For most of
682-590: A month, the defenders withdrew quietly from the Warwick Line (stretching across the Peninsula between Yorktown and Mulberry Island ). As General George McClellan 's Union forces crept up the Peninsula to pursue the retreating Confederate forces, a rear-guard force led by General James Longstreet and supported by General J. E. B. Stuart 's cavalry blocked their westward progression at the Williamsburg Line. This
SECTION 10
#1733105586516744-648: A new major purpose, turning much of it into a massive living museum . In the early 20th century, the Reverend Dr. W. A. R. Goodwin of Williamsburg's Bruton Parish Church championed one of the nation's largest historic restorations. Initially, Goodwin just aimed to save his historic church building. This he had accomplished by 1907, in time for the 300th anniversary of the founding of the Episcopal Church in Virginia. But upon returning to Williamsburg in 1923 after serving
806-618: A number of years in upstate New York, he realized that many of the other remaining colonial-era buildings were also in deteriorating condition. Goodwin dreamed of a much larger restoration along the lines of what he had accomplished with his church. Of modest means, he sought support and financing from a number of sources before successfully attracting the interest and major financial support of Standard Oil heir and philanthropist John D. Rockefeller Jr. and his wife Abby Aldrich Rockefeller . Their combined efforts created Colonial Williamsburg , restoring much of downtown Williamsburg and developing
868-489: A period of record dating only back to 1951, extreme temperatures range from −7 °F (−22 °C) on January 21, 1985 , to 104 °F (40 °C) on August 22, 1983, and June 26, 1952. During the Revolutionary era , African Americans made up over 50% of Williamsburg's population. Williamsburg was 78% White and 13% Black at the 2000 census, and 71% White and 14% Black at the 2010 census. The 2020 census indicated
930-624: A population of 15,425. Located on the Virginia Peninsula , Williamsburg is in the northern part of the Hampton Roads metropolitan area. It is bordered by James City County on the west and south and York County on the east. English settlers founded Williamsburg in 1632 as Middle Plantation , a fortified settlement on high ground between the James and York rivers, and farther inland than their headquarters at Jamestown . The city functioned as
992-561: A separate category. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race. As of the 2010 census, there were 14,068 people, 3,619 households, and 1,787 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,404.1 people per square mile (542.1 people/km ). There were 3,880 housing units at an average density of 454.1 per square mile (175.3/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 74.0% White , 14.0% Black or African American , 0.3% Native American , 5.7% Asian , 0.0% Pacific Islander , 2.5% from other races , and 3.5% from two or more races . 6.7% of
1054-597: A site at the Williamsburg Regional Library's Croaker Branch. Other landmarks outside the historic area include Carter's Grove and Gunston Hall . In 1932, a Catholic church was built to minister to students at the College of William & Mary . Old Saint Bede was made a national shrine , dedicated to Our Lady of Walsingham . On October 22, 1976, the third of three debates between Republican President Gerald Ford and Democratic challenger Jimmy Carter in
1116-578: A time as quarters for the commanding officer of the Union garrison occupying the town. On September 9, drunken soldiers of the 5th Pennsylvania Cavalry set fire to the College Building, allegedly to prevent Confederate snipers from using it for cover. Williamsburg underwent much damage during the Union occupation, which lasted until September 1865. In 1881, Collis P. Huntington 's Chesapeake and Ohio Railway (C&O) built its Peninsula Extension through
1178-474: Is in the humid subtropical climate zone, with cool to mild winters, and hot, humid summers. Due to the inland location, winters are slightly cooler and spring days slightly warmer than in Norfolk, though lows average 3.2 °F (1.8 °C) cooler here due to the substantial urban buildup to the southeast. Snowfall averages 4.3 inches (11 cm) per season, and the summer months tend to be slightly wetter. With
1240-408: Is land and 0.2 square miles (0.5 km ) (1.8%) is water. Williamsburg stands upon a ridge on the Virginia Peninsula between the James and York Rivers. Queen's Creek and College Creek partly encircle the city. James City County is to the west and south and York County to the north and east. As with all cities in Virginia, Williamsburg is legally independent of both counties. The city
1302-471: Is now the United States. The bond achieved significant popularity in colonial Pennsylvania among its Georgian structures. In 18th-century colonial Virginia , the presence of Flemish bond on a structure indicated wealth. With the early 20th-century restoration project at Colonial Williamsburg that saw the restoration and reproduction of prominent historic buildings in Williamsburg, Virginia , such as
SECTION 20
#17331055865161364-608: Is on the I-64 corridor, 45 miles (72 km) southeast of Richmond and about 37 miles (60 km) northwest of Norfolk . It is in the northwest corner of Hampton Roads , the nation's 37th-largest metropolitan area, with a population of 1,576,370. Within Hampton Roads, Norfolk is recognized as the central business district, while the Virginia Beach seaside resort district and Williamsburg are primarily tourism centers. Williamsburg
1426-567: The Richmond Times-Dispatch published an editorial that dubbed Williamsburg " Lotusburg ," for "Tuesday was election day in Williamsburg but nobody remembered it. The clerk forgot to wake the electoral board, the electoral board could not arouse itself long enough to have the ballots printed, the candidates forgot they were running, the voters forgot they were alive." But even if such complacency existed, one Episcopal priest dreamed of expanding and changing Williamsburg's future to give it
1488-545: The 1976 presidential election was held at Phi Beta Kappa Memorial Hall at the College of William & Mary , during which both candidates, perhaps in tribute to the historic venue and the United States Bicentennial celebration, spoke of a "new spirit" in America. The 9th G7 summit took place in Williamsburg in 1983. The participants discussed the growing debt-crisis, arms control and greater cooperation between
1550-544: The Battle of Williamsburg on May 5, 1862, the defenders succeeded in delaying the Union forces long enough for the retreating Confederates to reach the outer defenses of Richmond. A siege of Richmond ensued, culminating in the Seven Days Battles (June to July 1862). McClellan's campaign failed to capture Richmond. Meanwhile, on May 6, 1862, Williamsburg had fallen to the Union. The college's Brafferton building operated for
1612-758: The Central La Grange Historic District , which is also listed on the National Register. This article about a property in Oldham County, Kentucky on the National Register of Historic Places is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Flemish bond Flemish bond is a pattern of brickwork that is a common feature in Georgian architecture . The pattern features bricks laid lengthwise ( stretchers ) alternating with bricks laid with their shorter ends exposed ( headers ) within
1674-582: The Colony of Virginia in 1607, the area that would become Williamsburg formed part of the territory of the Powhatan Confederacy . By the 1630s, English settlements had grown to dominate the lower (eastern) portion of the Virginia Peninsula , and Powhatan tribes had abandoned their nearby villages. Between 1630 and 1633, after the war that followed the Indian Massacre of 1622 , English colonists constructed
1736-576: The Ludwell–Paradise House that had used Flemish bond, the pattern experienced renewed popularity in the United States. Flemish bond is a regular component of both colonial and modern buildings on the campus of the College of William & Mary , also in Williamsburg. Williamsburg, Virginia Williamsburg is an independent city in Virginia , United States. As of the 2020 census , it had
1798-655: The 17th century and the later 19th-century Queen Anne Revival . Kew Palace (built 1631; also known as the Dutch House) in London is thought to be the first example of Flemish bond in England. The pattern became preferred for brickwork in high-quality English architecture by the middle of the 17th century. St. Luke's Church (built c. 1632 ) in Smithfield, Virginia , is the oldest surviving building to use Flemish bond in what
1860-469: The College of William and Mary, although teaching was temporarily suspended for financial reasons from 1882 to 1888. Ewell's efforts to restore the school and its programs during and after Reconstruction became legendary in Williamsburg and at the college, and were ultimately successful, with funding both from the U.S. Congress and from the Commonwealth of Virginia. In 1888, the college secured $ 10,000 from
1922-469: The General Assembly of the Commonwealth and established a normal school to educate teachers; in 1906, the General Assembly modified the college charter, took ownership of the college buildings and grounds, and assumed primary responsibility for funding it. Ewell remained in Williamsburg as President Emeritus of the college until his death in 1894. Beginning in the 1890s, C&O land agent Carl M. Bergh,
McMahan House - Misplaced Pages Continue
1984-756: The Soviet Union and the G7 (subsequently the G8). At the end of the meeting, Secretary of State George P. Shultz read to the press a statement confirming the deployment of American Pershing II-nuclear missiles in West Germany later in 1983. On May 3, 2007, Britain's Queen Elizabeth II visited Jamestown and Williamsburg. She had previously visited Williamsburg in 1957. Many world leaders, including President George W. Bush , visited Jamestown to mark its 400th anniversary. The celebration began in part in 2005 with events leading up to
2046-558: The United States, the Public Hospital for Persons of Insane and Disordered Minds, was founded in the city. Known in modern times as Eastern State Hospital , it was established by Act of the Virginia colonial legislature on June 4, 1770. The Act to "Make Provision for the Support and Maintenance of Ideots, Lunaticks, and other Persons of unsound Minds" authorized the House of Burgesses to appoint
2108-540: The anniversary, and was celebrated statewide throughout 2007, though the official festivities took place during the first week of May. On February 5, 2009, President Barack Obama took his first trip aboard Air Force One to a House Democrats retreat in the city to attend and address their "Issues Conference". According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has an area of 9.1 square miles (23.6 km ), of which 8.9 square miles (23.1 km )
2170-568: The area, eventually establishing six stations in Williamsburg and the surrounding area. The Peninsula Extension was good news for the farmers and merchants of the Virginia Peninsula, and they generally welcomed the railroad, which aided passenger travel and shipping. Williamsburg allowed tracks to be placed down Duke of Gloucester Street and even directly through the ruins of the capitol building. (They were later relocated, and Collis Huntington's real-estate arm, Old Dominion Land Company , donated
2232-461: The area. The location earlier known as Vaiden's Siding on the railroad just west of Williamsburg in James City County was renamed Norge . These citizens and their descendants found the local conditions favorable, and many became leading merchants, tradespersons, and farmers in the community. These transplanted Americans brought some new blood and enthusiasm to the old colonial capital area. In
2294-428: The better climate now also enjoyed use of the college's facilities. The college students made a presentation to the House of Burgesses, and it was agreed in 1699 that the colonial capital would move to Middle Plantation permanently. A village was laid out and Middle Plantation was renamed Williamsburg in honor of King William III of England , befitting the town's newly elevated status. After Williamsburg's designation as
2356-454: The black American experience in the town. A century after Goodwin's work began, Colonial Williamsburg remains a work in progress. In addition to Colonial Williamsburg, the city's railroad station was restored to become an intermodal passenger facility. In nearby James City County, the c. 1908 C&O Railway combination passenger and freight station at Norge was preserved and, with a donation from CSX Transportation , relocated in 2006 to
2418-542: The business activity involved in government, the College of William and Mary continued and expanded, as did the Public Hospital for Persons of Insane and Disordered Minds. The latter became known as Eastern State Hospital . At the outset of the American Civil War (1861–1865), enlistments in the Confederate Army depleted the College of William and Mary's student body and on May 10, 1861, the faculty voted to close
2480-555: The capital of the Colony and Commonwealth of Virginia from 1699 to 1780 and became the center of political events in Virginia leading to the American Revolution . The College of William & Mary , established in 1693, is the second-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and the only one of the nine colonial colleges in the South . Its alumni include three U.S. presidents as well as many other important figures in
2542-476: The college for the duration of the war. The College Building served as a Confederate barracks and later as a hospital before being burned by Union forces in 1862. The Williamsburg area saw combat in the spring of 1862 during the Peninsula Campaign , a Union effort to take Richmond from the east from a base at Fort Monroe . Throughout late 1861 and early 1862, the small contingent of Confederate defenders
McMahan House - Misplaced Pages Continue
2604-413: The colonial period, the border between the two counties ran down the center of Duke of Gloucester Street. For almost a century after the 1776 formation both of the Commonwealth of Virginia and of the United States, despite practical complications, the town remained divided between the two counties. Williamsburg was the site of the first attempted canal in the United States. In 1771, Lord Dunmore , who
2666-557: The colony's capital, immediate provision was made for construction of a capitol building and for platting the city according to Theodorick Bland 's survey. His design utilized the college's extant sites and the almost new Bruton Parish Church as focal points, and placed the new Capitol building opposite the college, with Duke of Gloucester Street connecting them. Alexander Spotswood , who arrived in Virginia as lieutenant governor in 1710, had several ravines filled and streets leveled, and assisted in erecting additional college buildings,
2728-413: The degree of Jamestown. Another factor was travel. In the 18th and early 19th-century, transportation in the colony was largely by canals and navigable rivers . As it had been built on "high ground", Williamsburg was not sited on a major water-route, unlike many early U.S. communities. The railroads that began to be built in the 1830s also did not yet come through the city. Despite Williamsburg's loss of
2790-407: The developed part of the colony had left it vulnerable to attack. In the 1690s, the colonists again tried to establish a school. They commissioned Reverend James Blair , who spent several years in England lobbying, and finally obtained a royal charter for the desired new school. It was to be named the College of William & Mary in honor of the monarchs of the time. When Blair returned to Virginia,
2852-423: The early 20th century, Williamsburg remained a sleepy small town. Some newer structures were interspersed with colonial-era buildings, but the town was much less progressive than Virginia's other, busier communities of similar size. Some local lore indicates that the residents liked it that way, as described in longtime Virginia Peninsula journalist, author and historian Parke S. Rouse Jr. 's work. On June 26, 1912,
2914-454: The early 20th-century restoration project at Colonial Williamsburg , the pattern experienced renewed popularity in the United States. Despite being called "Flemish bond", this pattern of brickwork is not native to Flanders nor neighboring regions. This type of bond became associated with the architecture of the Low Countries , eventually leading to the pattern's name. Flemish bond is
2976-428: The evening". During the war, Virginia's capital was moved again, in 1780, this time to Richmond at the urging of then- Governor Thomas Jefferson , who feared Williamsburg's location made it vulnerable to a British attack. Williamsburg remained a venue for many important conventions during the war. Williamsburg ceased to be the capital of the new Commonwealth of Virginia in 1780 and went into decline, although not to
3038-503: The high Black population figure was not due to an actual demographic shift but instead due to "the Bureau ’s decision to swap some census respondents’ identities with other respondents for privacy protection", a phenomenon known as differential privacy . Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to
3100-418: The median income for a family was $ 52,358. Males had a median income of $ 28,625 versus $ 26,840 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 18,483. 18.3% of the population and 9.3% of families were below the poverty line . Out of the total population, 29.7% of those under the age of 18 and 5.5% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line. A high proportion of Williamsburg residents derive
3162-474: The nation's early history. The city's tourism-based economy is driven by Colonial Williamsburg , the city's restored Historic Area. Along with nearby Jamestown and Yorktown , Williamsburg forms part of the Historic Triangle , which annually attracts more than four million tourists. Modern Williamsburg is also a college town , inhabited in large part by William & Mary students, faculty and staff. Before English settlers arrived at Jamestown to establish
SECTION 50
#17331055865163224-508: The new school was founded in a safe place, Middle Plantation, in 1693. Classes began in temporary quarters in 1694, and construction soon started on the College Building, a precursor to the Wren Building . Four years later, in 1698, the rebuilt Statehouse in Jamestown burned down again, this time accidentally. The government again "temporarily" relocated to Middle Plantation, and in addition to
3286-433: The population were Hispanics or Latinos of any race. There were 3,619 households, out of which 16.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.2% were married couples living together, 9.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 50.6% were non-families. 35.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size
3348-582: The powder was arranged. This was an important precursor in the run-up to the American Revolution . Following the Declaration of Independence from Britain, the American Revolutionary War broke out in 1776. On July 25, 1776, the Declaration of Independence was proclaimed at Williamsburg and received with "applause under discharge of cannon and firing of small arms with illuminations [fireworks] in
3410-506: The rebuilding of the Statehouse at Jamestown. The members of the House of Burgesses discovered that the "temporary" location was both safer and more pleasant than Jamestown, which was humid and plagued with mosquitoes. A school of higher education had long been an aspiration of the colonists. An early attempt at Henricus failed after the Indian Massacre of 1622 ; the location at the outskirts of
3472-766: The same courses . This decorative pattern can be accented by glazing or burning the exposed ends of the headers so that they possess a dark, glassy surface that contrasts with the stretchers. Despite the bond's name, the pattern did not originate in Flanders and can be found in European architecture dating to the late Middle Ages. The pattern became popular among prestigious architectural projects in 17th-century England before spreading to British colonies in North America where it became closely associated with colonial Georgian architecture, especially in Virginia and Pennsylvania . With
3534-552: The site to the forerunner of the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities .) The railroad's main purpose was shipping eastbound West Virginia bituminous coal to Newport News . Using the new coal piers , coal was loaded aboard large colliers in the harbor of Hampton Roads for shipment to New England and to export destinations worldwide. Due in no small part to President Ewell's efforts, education continued at
3596-410: Was 2.07 and the average family size was 2.66. The age distribution was: 9.6% under the age of 18, 46.0% from 18 to 24, 17.7% from 25 to 44, 15.0% from 45 to 64, and 11.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 23 years. For every 100 females, there were 81.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 80.8 males. The median income for a household in the city was $ 37,093, and
3658-663: Was Virginia's last Royal Governor , announced plans to connect Archer's Creek , which leads to the James River , with Queen's Creek , leading to the York River . It would have formed a water route across the Virginia Peninsula , but was not completed. Remains of this canal are visible at the rear of the grounds behind the Governor's Palace in Colonial Williamsburg . In the 1770s, the first purpose-built psychiatric hospital in
3720-540: Was a series of 14 redoubts east of town, with earthen Fort Magruder (also known as Redoubt # 6) at the crucial junction of the two major roads leading to Williamsburg from the east. College of William and Mary President Benjamin S. Ewell oversaw the design and construction. He owned a farm in James City County, and had been commissioned as an officer in the Confederate Army after the college closed in 1861. At
3782-549: Was achieved when saplings were added during the kiln process. The pattern was employed throughout Northern and Central Europe during the late Middle Ages, with a notable number of Polish structures utilizing the bond. The late 15th-century Frauenkirche in Munich, Germany, is a prominent early example of the pattern's employment. Decorative brickwork had become highly developed in the Netherlands before its prominence in England during
SECTION 60
#17331055865163844-502: Was known as the Army of the Peninsula, led by General John B. Magruder . He successfully created ruses to fool the invaders as to the size and strength of his forces, and deterred their attack. The subsequent slow Union movement up the peninsula gained valuable time for defenses to be constructed at the Confederate capital at Richmond. In early May 1862, after holding off Union troops for over
#515484