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36-1566: Coordinates : 33°39′N 111°49′W / 33.650°N 111.817°W / 33.650; -111.817 Mountain range in Arizona, United States McDowell Mountains [REDACTED] Thompson Peak and foothills – a wash with Palo Verde trees and Saguaros Highest point Peak East End Elevation 4,057 ft (1,237 m) Coordinates 33°40′47″N 111°48′01″W / 33.6797°N 111.8004°W / 33.6797; -111.8004 Dimensions Length 25 mi (40 km) (NNW x SSE)-curves to southeast Geography [REDACTED] [REDACTED] McDowell Mountains McDowell Mountains in Arizona Country United States State Arizona Region(s) (south perimeter)- Arizona transition zone (northeast perimeter)- Sonoran Desert County Maricopa Range coordinates 33°39′N 111°49′W / 33.650°N 111.817°W / 33.650; -111.817 Borders on New River Mountains -NNW Mazatzal Mountains -NNE & E Verde River -E Salt River (Arizona) -SE & S Phoenix metro region-W, SW & S [REDACTED] McDowell Mountains at dusk The McDowell Mountain Range ( Yavapai : Wi:kajasa )
72-532: A prime meridian at the westernmost known land, designated the Fortunate Isles , off the coast of western Africa around the Canary or Cape Verde Islands , and measured north or south of the island of Rhodes off Asia Minor . Ptolemy credited him with the full adoption of longitude and latitude, rather than measuring latitude in terms of the length of the midsummer day. Ptolemy's 2nd-century Geography used
108-646: A little before 1300; the text was translated into Latin at Florence by Jacopo d'Angelo around 1407. In 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference , attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich , England as the zero-reference line. The Dominican Republic voted against
144-416: A location often facetiously called Null Island . In order to use the theoretical definitions of latitude, longitude, and height to precisely measure actual locations on the physical earth, a geodetic datum must be used. A horizonal datum is used to precisely measure latitude and longitude, while a vertical datum is used to measure elevation or altitude. Both types of datum bind a mathematical model of
180-535: A longitudinal degree is 111.3 km. At 30° a longitudinal second is 26.76 m, at Greenwich (51°28′38″N) 19.22 m, and at 60° it is 15.42 m. On the WGS 84 spheroid, the length in meters of a degree of latitude at latitude ϕ (that is, the number of meters you would have to travel along a north–south line to move 1 degree in latitude, when at latitude ϕ ), is about The returned measure of meters per degree latitude varies continuously with latitude. Similarly,
216-670: A national cartographical organization include the North American Datum , the European ED50 , and the British OSGB36 . Given a location, the datum provides the latitude ϕ {\displaystyle \phi } and longitude λ {\displaystyle \lambda } . In the United Kingdom there are three common latitude, longitude, and height systems in use. WGS 84 differs at Greenwich from
252-841: A simple translation may be sufficient. Datums may be global, meaning that they represent the whole Earth, or they may be local, meaning that they represent an ellipsoid best-fit to only a portion of the Earth. Examples of global datums include World Geodetic System (WGS 84, also known as EPSG:4326 ), the default datum used for the Global Positioning System , and the International Terrestrial Reference System and Frame (ITRF), used for estimating continental drift and crustal deformation . The distance to Earth's center can be used both for very deep positions and for positions in space. Local datums chosen by
288-863: A stand-alone, Mt. McDowell (referred to as Red Mountain by Phoenix residents), not to be confused with McDowell Peak, is sometimes listed on maps as a part of the McDowell Mountains. Summits [ edit ] East End (Arizona) Thompson Peak (Arizona) McDowell Peak Sunrise Peak Rock Knob [REDACTED] The McDowell Mountain Range at sunset References [ edit ] Thompson, C. (2004), Valley 101 . Further reading [ edit ] McDowell Rock – A Climber’s Guide . Erik Filsinger and Cheryl Beaver (2016) 134 pages. External links [ edit ] McDowell Mountain Regional Park Pictures and information about hike to natural spring and petroglyphs in
324-500: A year, or 10 m in a century. A weather system high-pressure area can cause a sinking of 5 mm . Scandinavia is rising by 1 cm a year as a result of the melting of the ice sheets of the last ice age , but neighboring Scotland is rising by only 0.2 cm . These changes are insignificant if a local datum is used, but are statistically significant if a global datum is used. On the GRS 80 or WGS 84 spheroid at sea level at
360-583: Is where Earth's equatorial radius a {\displaystyle a} equals 6,378,137 m and tan β = b a tan ϕ {\displaystyle \textstyle {\tan \beta ={\frac {b}{a}}\tan \phi }\,\!} ; for the GRS 80 and WGS 84 spheroids, b a = 0.99664719 {\textstyle {\tfrac {b}{a}}=0.99664719} . ( β {\displaystyle \textstyle {\beta }\,\!}
396-418: Is a spherical or geodetic coordinate system for measuring and communicating positions directly on Earth as latitude and longitude . It is the simplest, oldest and most widely used of the various spatial reference systems that are in use, and forms the basis for most others. Although latitude and longitude form a coordinate tuple like a cartesian coordinate system , the geographic coordinate system
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#1732852534622432-857: Is known as the reduced (or parametric) latitude ). Aside from rounding, this is the exact distance along a parallel of latitude; getting the distance along the shortest route will be more work, but those two distances are always within 0.6 m of each other if the two points are one degree of longitude apart. Like any series of multiple-digit numbers, latitude-longitude pairs can be challenging to communicate and remember. Therefore, alternative schemes have been developed for encoding GCS coordinates into alphanumeric strings or words: These are not distinct coordinate systems, only alternative methods for expressing latitude and longitude measurements. Thompson Peak (Arizona) Coordinates : 33°38′39″N 111°48′44″W / 33.6442093°N 111.8120864°W / 33.6442093; -111.8120864 From Misplaced Pages,
468-535: Is located about twenty miles north-east of downtown Phoenix, Arizona , and may be seen from most places throughout the city. The range is composed of miocene deposits left nearly five million years ago. The McDowells share borders with the cities of Fountain Hills , Scottsdale , and Maricopa County . The city of Scottsdale has made its share of the McDowells a preserve, and has set up a wide trail network in partnership with
504-616: Is located in the McDowell Mountains , the summit being 20 miles (32 km) to the northeast of Phoenix, Arizona . Its height is 3,984 feet (1,214 m). Thompson Peak has amateur and Maricopa County government radio towers on the summit, accessible via a service road from Fountain Hills . References [ edit ] ^ "Thompson Peak" . Peakbagger.com . Retrieved 2016-08-21 . ^ "Thompson Peak" . Geographic Names Information System . United States Geological Survey , United States Department of
540-540: Is not cartesian because the measurements are angles and are not on a planar surface. A full GCS specification, such as those listed in the EPSG and ISO 19111 standards, also includes a choice of geodetic datum (including an Earth ellipsoid ), as different datums will yield different latitude and longitude values for the same location. The invention of a geographic coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene , who composed his now-lost Geography at
576-731: Is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses (often called great circles ), which converge at the North and South Poles. The meridian of the British Royal Observatory in Greenwich , in southeast London, England, is the international prime meridian , although some organizations—such as the French Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière —continue to use other meridians for internal purposes. The prime meridian determines
612-405: Is ultimately calculated from latitude and longitude, it is crucial that they clearly state the datum on which they are based. For example, a UTM coordinate based on WGS84 will be different than a UTM coordinate based on NAD27 for the same location. Converting coordinates from one datum to another requires a datum transformation such as a Helmert transformation , although in certain situations
648-489: The Library of Alexandria in the 3rd century BC. A century later, Hipparchus of Nicaea improved on this system by determining latitude from stellar measurements rather than solar altitude and determining longitude by timings of lunar eclipses , rather than dead reckoning . In the 1st or 2nd century, Marinus of Tyre compiled an extensive gazetteer and mathematically plotted world map using coordinates measured east from
684-707: The McDowell Sonoran Conservancy . The McDowell Sonoran Conservancy was established in 1991. The highest peak in the McDowells is East End , at 4,069 feet (1,240 m). This mountain range also serves as a sacred marker to the Yavapai people . The boundaries of the range are generally defined by Saddleback Mountain in the South and Granite Mountain as the Northern boundary. The McDowells also comprise popular landmarks such as Pinnacle Peak and Tom's Thumb. Although technically
720-2758: The Baptist Mountains Juniper Mesa Kaibab Plateau Kofa Mountains Laguna Mountains Las Guijas Mountains Lime Mountain (Maricopa County} Little Harquahala Mountains Little Rincon Mountains Lukachukai Mountains Madrean Sky Islands Mescal Mountains Mineral Mountains Moccasin Mountains Mohave Mountains Mohawk Mountains Mount Trumbull Muggins Mountains Mustang Mountains Navajo Mountain The Needles New River Mountains New Water Mountains Newton Butte Painted Rock Mountains Pajarito Mountains Patagonia Mountains Peacock Mountains Picacho Peak Picketpost Mountain Pinnacle Peak Poachie Range Poston Butte Rawhide Mountains Sacaton Mountains San Luis Mountains Santa Maria Mountains Sevenmile Mountains Sierra San Antonio Sierra Estrella Sierra Madre Occidental Sierra Pinta Silver Bell Mountains Squaw Tits Sugarloaf Mountain Sunset Mountains Swisshelm Mountains Tempe Butte Temple Butte Tinajas Altas Mountains Tordillo Mountain Tortolita Mountains Trigo Mountains Tule Mountains Tumacacori Mountains Virgin Mountains Vulcan's Throne Vulture Mountains Waterman Mountains Weaver Mountains West Silver Bell Mountains White Tank Mountains Wickenburg Mountains Authority control databases [REDACTED] International VIAF National United States Israel Other IdRef Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=McDowell_Mountains&oldid=1254860839 " Categories : Mountain ranges of
756-1836: The Baptist Mountains Juniper Mesa Kaibab Plateau Kofa Mountains Laguna Mountains Las Guijas Mountains Lime Mountain (Maricopa County} Little Harquahala Mountains Little Rincon Mountains Lukachukai Mountains Madrean Sky Islands Mescal Mountains Mineral Mountains Moccasin Mountains Mohave Mountains Mohawk Mountains Mount Trumbull Muggins Mountains Mustang Mountains Navajo Mountain The Needles New River Mountains New Water Mountains Newton Butte Painted Rock Mountains Pajarito Mountains Patagonia Mountains Peacock Mountains Picacho Peak Picketpost Mountain Pinnacle Peak Poachie Range Poston Butte Rawhide Mountains Sacaton Mountains San Luis Mountains Santa Maria Mountains Sevenmile Mountains Sierra San Antonio Sierra Estrella Sierra Madre Occidental Sierra Pinta Silver Bell Mountains Squaw Tits Sugarloaf Mountain Sunset Mountains Swisshelm Mountains Tempe Butte Temple Butte Tinajas Altas Mountains Tordillo Mountain Tortolita Mountains Trigo Mountains Tule Mountains Tumacacori Mountains Virgin Mountains Vulcan's Throne Vulture Mountains Waterman Mountains Weaver Mountains West Silver Bell Mountains White Tank Mountains Wickenburg Mountains Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thompson_Peak_(Arizona)&oldid=1045510607 " Categories : Landforms of Maricopa County, Arizona Mountains of Arizona Mountains of Maricopa County, Arizona Hidden categories: Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas Articles with short description Short description
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#1732852534622792-502: The Equator, one latitudinal second measures 30.715 m , one latitudinal minute is 1843 m and one latitudinal degree is 110.6 km. The circles of longitude, meridians, meet at the geographical poles, with the west–east width of a second naturally decreasing as latitude increases. On the Equator at sea level, one longitudinal second measures 30.92 m, a longitudinal minute is 1855 m and
828-5970: The Interior . Retrieved 2014-02-09 . ^ "Thompson Peak" . ArizonaHiking.org . Retrieved 2014-02-09 . External links [ edit ] "Thompson Peak - MSP, AZ" . HikeArizona.com. "Thompson Peak" . SummitPost.org . v t e Mountains of Arizona Black Hills (Yavapai County) Mingus Mountain Black Mountains Boundary Cone Fortification Hill Mount Wilson Bradshaw Mountains Mount Union Castle Dome Mountains Castle Dome Cerbat Mountains Mount Tipton Chiricahua Mountains Chiricahua Peak Chuska Mountains Roof Butte Dragoon Mountains Mount Glenn Hieroglyphic Mountains White Picacho Huachuca Mountains Carr Peak Miller Peak Hualapai Mountains Aubrey Peak Hualapai Peak Little Ajo Mountains Ajo Peak Little Dragoon Mountains Lime Peak Mae West Peaks Mazatzal Mountains Four Peaks Mount Ord McDowell Mountains East End McDowell Peak Mount McDowell Thompson Peak Mule Mountains Mount Ballard (Arizona) Phoenix Mountains Camelback Mountain Mummy Mountain Piestewa Peak South Mountains Sunnyslope Mountain Pinal Mountains Pinal Peak Pinaleño Mountains Mount Graham Plomosa Mountains Ibex Peak Quinlan Mountains Kitt Peak Rincon Mountains Mica Mountain Rincon Peak San Francisco Peaks Agassiz Peak Doyle Peak Fremont Peak San Francisco Volcanic Field Black Bottom Crater Double Crater Humphreys Peak Kendrick Peak Mount Elden O'Leary Peak Roden Crater S P Crater Strawberry Crater Sunset Crater Santa Catalina Mountains Mount Bigelow Mount Lemmon Pusch Ridge Thimble Peak Santa Rita Mountains Mount Hopkins Mount Wrightson Santa Teresa Mountains Mount Turnbull Sierra Ancha Mistake Peak Sierra Prieta Granite Mountain Superstition Mountains Silly Mountain Superstition Mountain Weavers Needle Tank Mountains Black Dome Tucson Mountains Sentinel Peak Tumamoc Hill Whetstone Mountains Apache Peak White Mountains Black Mesa (Navajo County) Escudilla Mountain Mount Baldy Others Agathla Peak Agua Caliente Mountains Agua Dulce Mountains Antelope Hill Aquarius Mountains Artillery Mountains Atascosa Mountains Aubrey Hills Baboquivari Peak Balakai Mesa Beaver Dam Mountains Belmont Mountains Bill Williams Mountain Bitsihuitsos Butte Black Hills (Greenlee County) Black Mesa (Apache-Navajo Counties) Black Mesa (Warm Springs) Black Mountain (Maricopa County) Black Mountain (Pima County) Blackjack Mountains Bryan Mountains Buckskin Mountain (Arizona-Utah) Buckskin Mountains (La Paz County) Bush Head Cabeza Prieta Mountains Canelo Hills Carrizo Mountains Cerro Colorado Mountains Chocolate Mountains Copper Mountains Coyote Mountains Date Creek Mountains Dome Rock Mountains Dos Cabezas Mountains Etoi Ki Excalibur Galiuro Mountains Gavilan Peak Gila Bend Mountains Gila Mountains (Graham County) Gila Mountains (Yuma County) Goldfield Mountains Grand Wash Cliffs Granite Mountains Granite Wash Mountains Growler Mountains Gu Achi Peak Guadalupe Mountains Harcuvar Mountains Harquahala Mountains House Mountain Hunts Mesa Isis Temple John
864-4614: The McDowell Mountains [REDACTED] Media related to McDowell Mountains at Wikimedia Commons v t e Mountains of Arizona Black Hills (Yavapai County) Mingus Mountain Black Mountains Boundary Cone Fortification Hill Mount Wilson Bradshaw Mountains Mount Union Castle Dome Mountains Castle Dome Cerbat Mountains Mount Tipton Chiricahua Mountains Chiricahua Peak Chuska Mountains Roof Butte Dragoon Mountains Mount Glenn Hieroglyphic Mountains White Picacho Huachuca Mountains Carr Peak Miller Peak Hualapai Mountains Aubrey Peak Hualapai Peak Little Ajo Mountains Ajo Peak Little Dragoon Mountains Lime Peak Mae West Peaks Mazatzal Mountains Four Peaks Mount Ord McDowell Mountains East End McDowell Peak Mount McDowell Thompson Peak Mule Mountains Mount Ballard (Arizona) Phoenix Mountains Camelback Mountain Mummy Mountain Piestewa Peak South Mountains Sunnyslope Mountain Pinal Mountains Pinal Peak Pinaleño Mountains Mount Graham Plomosa Mountains Ibex Peak Quinlan Mountains Kitt Peak Rincon Mountains Mica Mountain Rincon Peak San Francisco Peaks Agassiz Peak Doyle Peak Fremont Peak San Francisco Volcanic Field Black Bottom Crater Double Crater Humphreys Peak Kendrick Peak Mount Elden O'Leary Peak Roden Crater S P Crater Strawberry Crater Sunset Crater Santa Catalina Mountains Mount Bigelow Mount Lemmon Pusch Ridge Thimble Peak Santa Rita Mountains Mount Hopkins Mount Wrightson Santa Teresa Mountains Mount Turnbull Sierra Ancha Mistake Peak Sierra Prieta Granite Mountain Superstition Mountains Silly Mountain Superstition Mountain Weavers Needle Tank Mountains Black Dome Tucson Mountains Sentinel Peak Tumamoc Hill Whetstone Mountains Apache Peak White Mountains Black Mesa (Navajo County) Escudilla Mountain Mount Baldy Others Agathla Peak Agua Caliente Mountains Agua Dulce Mountains Antelope Hill Aquarius Mountains Artillery Mountains Atascosa Mountains Aubrey Hills Baboquivari Peak Balakai Mesa Beaver Dam Mountains Belmont Mountains Bill Williams Mountain Bitsihuitsos Butte Black Hills (Greenlee County) Black Mesa (Apache-Navajo Counties) Black Mesa (Warm Springs) Black Mountain (Maricopa County) Black Mountain (Pima County) Blackjack Mountains Bryan Mountains Buckskin Mountain (Arizona-Utah) Buckskin Mountains (La Paz County) Bush Head Cabeza Prieta Mountains Canelo Hills Carrizo Mountains Cerro Colorado Mountains Chocolate Mountains Copper Mountains Coyote Mountains Date Creek Mountains Dome Rock Mountains Dos Cabezas Mountains Etoi Ki Excalibur Galiuro Mountains Gavilan Peak Gila Bend Mountains Gila Mountains (Graham County) Gila Mountains (Yuma County) Goldfield Mountains Grand Wash Cliffs Granite Mountains Granite Wash Mountains Growler Mountains Gu Achi Peak Guadalupe Mountains Harcuvar Mountains Harquahala Mountains House Mountain Hunts Mesa Isis Temple John
900-478: The Sonoran Desert Mountain ranges of Maricopa County, Arizona Mountain ranges of Arizona Hidden categories: Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas Articles with short description Short description is different from Wikidata Coordinates on Wikidata Commons category link is on Wikidata Geographic coordinate system A geographic coordinate system ( GCS )
936-460: The far western Aleutian Islands . The combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The visual grid on a map formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule . The origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km (390 mi) south of Tema , Ghana ,
972-726: The 💕 Mountain in Maricopa County, Arizona Thompson Peak [REDACTED] Thompson Peak, McDowell Mountains Highest point Elevation 3,984 ft (1,214 m) NAVD 88 Prominence 762 ft (232 m) Coordinates 33°38′39″N 111°48′44″W / 33.6442093°N 111.8120864°W / 33.6442093; -111.8120864 Geography [REDACTED] [REDACTED] Thompson Peak Location Maricopa County , Arizona, U.S. Parent range McDowell Mountains Topo map USGS McDowell Peak Thompson Peak
1008-415: The length in meters of a degree of longitude can be calculated as (Those coefficients can be improved, but as they stand the distance they give is correct within a centimeter.) The formulae both return units of meters per degree. An alternative method to estimate the length of a longitudinal degree at latitude ϕ {\displaystyle \phi } is to assume a spherical Earth (to get
1044-473: The motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911. The latitude ϕ of a point on Earth's surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through (or close to) the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on
1080-516: The one used on published maps OSGB36 by approximately 112 m. The military system ED50 , used by NATO , differs from about 120 m to 180 m. Points on the Earth's surface move relative to each other due to continental plate motion, subsidence, and diurnal Earth tidal movement caused by the Moon and the Sun. This daily movement can be as much as a meter. Continental movement can be up to 10 cm
1116-520: The proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres , although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E. This is not to be conflated with the International Date Line , which diverges from it in several places for political and convenience reasons, including between far eastern Russia and
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1152-430: The same datum will obtain the same location measurement for the same physical location. However, two different datums will usually yield different location measurements for the same physical location, which may appear to differ by as much as several hundred meters; this not because the location has moved, but because the reference system used to measure it has shifted. Because any spatial reference system or map projection
1188-646: The same prime meridian but measured latitude from the Equator instead. After their work was translated into Arabic in the 9th century, Al-Khwārizmī 's Book of the Description of the Earth corrected Marinus' and Ptolemy's errors regarding the length of the Mediterranean Sea , causing medieval Arabic cartography to use a prime meridian around 10° east of Ptolemy's line. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes ' recovery of Ptolemy's text
1224-486: The shape of the earth (usually a reference ellipsoid for a horizontal datum, and a more precise geoid for a vertical datum) to the earth. Traditionally, this binding was created by a network of control points , surveyed locations at which monuments are installed, and were only accurate for a region of the surface of the Earth. Some newer datums are bound to the center of mass of the Earth. This combination of mathematical model and physical binding mean that anyone using
1260-458: The surface of Earth called parallels , as they are parallel to the Equator and to each other. The North Pole is 90° N; the South Pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the Equator , the fundamental plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The Equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres . The longitude λ of a point on Earth's surface
1296-445: The width per minute and second, divide by 60 and 3600, respectively): where Earth's average meridional radius M r {\displaystyle \textstyle {M_{r}}\,\!} is 6,367,449 m . Since the Earth is an oblate spheroid , not spherical, that result can be off by several tenths of a percent; a better approximation of a longitudinal degree at latitude ϕ {\displaystyle \phi }
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