67-644: McCrae is a suburb on the Mornington Peninsula in Melbourne , Victoria , Australia , 59 km (37 mi) south of Melbourne's Central Business District , located within the Shire of Mornington Peninsula local government area . McCrae recorded a population of 3,311 at the 2021 census . McCrae is known for the McCrae Lighthouse. No longer an operating lighthouse, it marked the turning point for shipping in
134-450: A smallpox epidemic might have swept through the tribes around Port Philip before 1803, reducing the population. Broome puts forward that two epidemics of smallpox decimated the population of the Kulin tribes by perhaps killing half each time in the 1790s and again around 1830. This theory has been challenged, however, by modern historical diagnosticians, who argue that the observed symptoms in
201-439: A 3 to 6-month wait. It is estimated that around 30–40% of the houses on the peninsula are not owned by permanent residents reflecting the popularity of owned beach houses. Most of these 'beach houses' are owned by residents of Melbourne . In addition to the national parks and golf courses, other notable tourist attractions include: Some popular activities on the peninsula include: Crime novel The Dragon Man by Garry Disher
268-487: A day. Dogs were important and ceremonially buried. The Boonwurrung people have oral histories that recount in detail the flooding of Port Phillip Bay ten-thousand years ago. The boundaries of Boonwurrung territory are defined by further floods 5000 years ago. Prior to this time, the bay was scrub-filled and passable on foot, and the Boonwurrung people hunted kangaroo and possums on it. The Yalukit-willam would spend up to
335-423: A favourite holiday destination for residents of Melbourne with 24,000 holiday homes in the area. Mornington Peninsula tourism generates 10 per cent of local employment opportunities and is an important component of the economy. Popular tourism times are long weekends such as Cup Weekend and Queens Birthday, the week involving Christmas , Boxing Day and New Years , with the months of December and January being
402-598: A few weeks in one spot, depending on the water and food supply. Major camps were often set up close to permanent fresh water, leaving archaeological evidence of the places they lived. These archaeological sites include surface scatters, shell middens , isolated artefacts and burials. Men were the primary hunters. They hunted kangaroos, possums, kangaroo rats, bandicoots, wombats and lizards. They also caught fish and eels and collected shellfish. Some Boonwurrung people made seasonal trips in canoes to French Island , where they could gather swan eggs. In coastal and swamp areas there
469-490: A man from a tribe in Echuca had used sorcery to ordain the death of one of their warriors, whose name had been sung while a possum bone discarded after a Boonwurrung meal, and encased in a kangaroo's leg bone, was roasted. Shortly afterward the named Boonwurrung man died, and the tribe revenged itself on the first Echuca tribesman who then came to visit their territory. It was arranged by word of mouth, passing from Echuca through
536-592: A probable pre-contact population of greater than 500 people. By 1850 Protector William Thomas estimated just 28 Bunurong people living on Boonwurrung land. In 1852, the Boonwurrung were allocated 340 hectares (840 acres) at Mordialloc Creek while the Woiwurrung gained 782 hectares along the Yarra at Warrandyte. The Aboriginal reserves were never staffed by whites and were not permanent camps, but acted as distribution depots where rations and blankets were distributed, with
603-660: A result of attacks from the Gunai. During 1833–34, around 60–70 Bunurong people, if a report has been correctly interpreted, may have been killed in a raid by Gunai when they were camped to the north of Carrum Carrum Swamp . The Boonwurrung people, living primarily along the Port Phillip and Western Port coast, may have had their livelihoods affected by European seal hunters . The sealers' abduction of Boonwurrung women and taken to Bass Strait Islands and Tasmania may have caused inter-tribal conflicts, and by analogy, this may also apply to
670-463: A role in the drastic reduction of the tribe's population. Injury or death to a tribal member usually resulted in a conference to assess the facts, and, where thought unlawful, revenge was taken. In 1839, after one or two Boonwurrung/Woiwurrung were killed, a party of 15 men left for Geelong in order to retaliate against the malefactors, the Wathaurong . In 1840, the Boonwurrung became convinced that
737-565: A short distance from the settlement, also flocks of emus on the western plains fifty and sixty in a drove. …The country through which I travelled to the Salt Water (Maribyrnong) River had a park-like appearance, kangaroo grass being the principal, the trees she-oak, wattle, honeysuckle. Saw a blue flower, thorny appearance. Numerous old native huts.” In June 2021, the Bunurong Land Council Aboriginal Corporation and
SECTION 10
#1732848116392804-403: A slight lean towards sustainable practices. On 17 December 1967, Prime Minister Harold Holt went swimming at Cheviot Beach on what is now Point Nepean National Park. At the time, however, it was still a restricted area. Holt, who was 59 and had had a recent shoulder injury, plunged readily into the surf. He disappeared from view and was never seen again. Despite an extensive search his body
871-609: A steel axe, ended when the crew of the Lady Nelson panicked, resulting in spears flying, musket shots and the use of the ship's cannon , wounding several fleeing Boonwurrung people. The following month, Captain Milius from the French ship Naturaliste , in the Baudin expedition , danced alone on a beach at Western Port for the natives, in a much more peaceful contact. Just before and overlapping
938-503: A tourist hotspot with 1500 visitors traveling to the town's Main Street via ocean liners in recent years. Wealthier visitors to the peninsula usually own beach houses on large properties or with extensive views or beach access and as a result, there are very few established commercial hotels . There are however, many smaller motels priced to suit families and middle income earners. Large shared beach houses are also popular, although perhaps
1005-481: A west/north-westerly direction and tapers down to a width of about 2–3 km (1.2–1.9 mi) before terminating at Point Nepean . Much of the topography is flat in the north where it connects to the mainland, however moving south-west, it soon becomes hilly, culminating in the central hilly landscapes of Boneo , Main Ridge , Red Hill , Tuerong and Moorooduc . The highest point, Arthurs Seat , located unusually close to
1072-543: Is a seasonal population of around 270,000. On 30 June 2017, the Mornington Peninsula population was recorded at 163,847 people. However, in the peak of summer the population increases to 225,000–250,000 people each year, so that it becomes the most populous coastal holiday area in Victoria, with a larger population than Hobart . The peninsula is primarily a local tourist region, with popular natural attractions such as
1139-528: Is crossed by many seismically active fault lines, monoclines, synclines and anticlines; the largest of which is the 100 km long Selwyn Fault which is capable of producing earthquakes of around 7.5 magnitude. The Peninsula experiences many minor earthquakes every year, but most are too small to be felt. The last strong earthquake to rock the Peninsula had a magnitude of 5.0 and occurred on 7 July 1971 at 7:55 am AEST with its epicentre off Flinders , along
1206-443: Is increased interest in organic production, and there are even organic beef producers. The Peninsula not only produces fresh products, with small-scale manufacturers of niche products as diverse as cheese, chocolate, chutney, jam, and olive oil. Local produce is also to be found at markets held around the Peninsula, such as the monthly market at Red Hill . A local organisation, Mornington Peninsula Gourmet, has been set up to support
1273-505: Is now the city and suburbs of Melbourne . They were called the Western Port or Port Philip tribe by the early settlers, and were in alliance with other tribes in the Kulin nation, having particularly strong ties to the Wurundjeri people. The Registered Aboriginal Party representing the Boonwurrung people is the Bunurong Land Council Aboriginal Corporation . Boonwurrung is one of
1340-539: Is open to the public. In March 2011, McCrae Yacht Club hosted the Victorian Championship regattas for the A-Class Catamarans. They sailed seven races from 12 to 14 March. This article about a place in Melbourne is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Mornington Peninsula The Mornington Peninsula is a peninsula located south of Melbourne , Victoria , Australia . It
1407-628: Is set in various locations around the Mornington Peninsula. 38°21′04″S 145°03′50″E / 38.351°S 145.064°E / -38.351; 145.064 Bunurong The Boonwurrung , also spelt Bunurong or Bun wurrung , are an Aboriginal people of the Kulin nation , who are the traditional owners of the land from the Werribee River to Wilsons Promontory in the Australian state of Victoria . Their territory includes part of what
SECTION 20
#17328481163921474-575: Is surrounded by Port Phillip to the west, Western Port to the east and Bass Strait to the south, and is connected to the mainland in the north. Geographically, the peninsula begins its protrusion from the mainland in the area between Pearcedale and an area north of Frankston . The area was originally home to the Mayone-bulluk and Boonwurrung-Balluk clans, and formed part of the Boonwurrung nation's territory prior to European settlement. Much of
1541-622: The Black Spur and squatted on a traditional camping site on Badger Creek near Healesville and requested ownership of the site. This became Coranderrk Station, named after the Woiwurrung word for the Victorian Christmas bush . Coranderrk was closed in 1924 and its occupants were moved to Lake Tyers in Gippsland . Great enmity existed in particular between the Boonwurrung and the eastern Gunai, who were later deemed responsible for playing
1608-681: The Kulin languages , and belongs to the Pama-Nyungan language family . The ethnonym occasionally used in early writings to refer to the Bunwurrung, namely Bunwurru , is derived from the word bu:n , meaning "no" and wur:u , signifying either "lip" or "speech". This indicates that the Boonwurrung language may not be spoken outside of their Country - their clan's territory. The Boonwurrung people are predominantly saltwater people whose lands, waters, and cosmos encompassed some 3,000 square miles (7,800 km ) of territory around Western Port Bay and
1675-577: The Mornington Peninsula . Its western boundary was set at Werribee . To the southeast, it extended from Mordialloc through to Anderson Inlet , as far as Wilson's Promontory . Inland its borders reached the Dandenong Ranges , and ran eastwards as far as the vicinity of Warragul . “Saw nothing but grassy country, open forest, plenty gum and wild cherry. Saw where the natives had encamped, plenty of trees notched where they had climbed for opossums. …There are herds of forest kangaroo immensely large,
1742-481: The Victorian coast from the Werribee River across to Western Port Bay and Wilsons Promontory . The peninsula may have been home to between 100 and 500 people prior to European settlement. The first European settlement on the Mornington Peninsula was also the first settlement in Victoria, situated in what is now Sorrento. The Sullivan's Bay settlement was a short-lived penal colony established in 1803, 30 years before
1809-545: The Wurundjeri , also acted to protect the colonists as part of their duty of hospitality. Derrimut later became very disillusioned and died in the Benevolent Asylum at the age of about 54 years in 1864. A few colonists erected a tombstone to Derrimut in Melbourne General Cemetery in his honour. By 1839, the Boonwurrung had been reduced to 80–90 people, with only 4 of 19 children under four years old, from
1876-699: The Wurundjeri Woi Wurrung Cultural Heritage Aboriginal Corporation , both registered Aboriginal Parties , agreed on a redrawing of their traditional boundaries developed by the Victorian Aboriginal Heritage Council . The new borderline runs across the city from west to east, with the CBD , Richmond and Hawthorn included in Wurundjeri land, and Albert Park , St Kilda and Caulfield on Bunurong land. It
1943-599: The 40 acre property, "Harbour View". The Township of Dromana was proclaimed in 1861 and the area west of the never-made Burrell Road (planned to climb the cliff from the Rocks to link with Latrobe Parade where it started the climb to the site of Heronswood) was called the Arthur's Seat Pre-emptive right . The first time Dromana West was used to describe a locality was in 1930*, after the Pre-emptive right had been subdivided, lot 8 being
2010-603: The Arthurs Seat Homestead on 40 acres which was advertised for sale in November 1925 after the death of Miss Kathrine Burrell a few months earlier. In 1934, the new concrete tower replacing the original timber eastern shore lighthouse was described as being at Dromana West when it was actually south of Dromana and Heronswood was also wrongly described as being at Dromana West; it was just within Dromana Township. McCrae
2077-410: The Boonwurrung were semi-nomadic hunter gatherers who moved around to seasonal food sources in their territory to take advantage of seasonably available food resources. Their hunting equipment and techniques had been highly developed to the environment and they had a highly detailed knowledge of their Country. This knowledge was passed from one generation to the next. They had to work only about five hours
McCrae, Victoria - Misplaced Pages Continue
2144-424: The Boonwurrung, whose coastlands were visited by sealers. A report by Jules Dumont d'Urville in 1830 attributed the absence of Boonwurrung on Phillip Island , which was a camp for sealers, as due to the latter's behavior. As late as 1833, nine Woiwurrung and Boonwurrung women, and a boy, Yonki Yonka, were kidnapped and ferried across to the sealers' Bass Strait island bases. Contact with sealers would have exposed
2211-514: The McCrae Post Office was in 1945 as part of Forest Edmund (Joe) Wood's General Store. Recently a new shopping centre called McCrae Plaza opened and it included a Bilo Supermarket, which later became a Coles Supermarket. The area was named after the McCrae family who were the first Europeans to settle the area. The homestead that they built, McCrae Homestead , is a National Trust property that
2278-486: The area and covered the plain to the west. These murnong fields were destroyed by the introduction of sheep. Scholar Bruce Pascoe attributes the widespread fields of murrnong in certain areas to active farming by Aboriginal peoples. Women collected large quantities of tadpoles which were cooked beneath a bed of hot coals. Robinson's diary describes how the Yalukit-willam caught emus and restrained their dingos. When
2345-751: The coastal tribes to European diseases, and this would have exercised a heavy impact on demographics, and the economic and social ties binding the Wurundjeri and Boonwurrung peoples, as would the possible effects of infectious diseases contracted from these sealers. James Fleming, one of the party of surveyor Charles Grimes in HMS Cumberland who explored the Maribyrnong River and the Yarra River as far as Dights Falls in February 1803, reported smallpox scars on several aboriginal people he met, suggesting that
2412-499: The cool, maritime climate of the Peninsula is particularly noted for pinot noir . Many wineries are open for public tastings and several have quality restaurants. Apples were the staple product of the Peninsula for several generations, with whole trainloads being dispatched to the city and ports. The number of orchards has been dramatically reduced, however there are many other producers on the Peninsula, specialising in berries, cherries, and other fruits, as well as market gardens. There
2479-509: The early ethnographical literature are compatible with impetigo and ringworm . One particularly notable person at the time of European settlement in Victoria was Derrimut , a Boonwurrung Elder, who informed early European settlers in October 1835 of an impending attack by clans from the Woiwurrung group. The colonists armed themselves, and the attack was averted. Benbow and Billibellary , from
2546-431: The establishment of Melbourne, by Lieutenant-Colonel David Collins (1753–1810). At the time of European settlement in 1803 much of the Mornington Peninsula was covered with she-oak forests. These were quickly cleared to provide firewood for the growing city of Melbourne, and much of the peninsula was then covered with fruit orchards. Nevertheless, much natural vegetation still exists, especially in an area of bushland in
2613-521: The family lived there for only six years not a century. The Burrell family owned the preemptive right from 1851 until it was subdivided, and shared it among inter-related families: Coburn, Wheeler, Cornell and Bartels as discussed in a comprehensive Coburn family history. Another early resident at Dromana West before that was its name was Edgar Williams who bought the McCrae Cottage at the auction in November 1925 or soon after; he or his wife, Dorothy, named
2680-410: The intention being to keep the tribes away from the growing settlement of Melbourne. The Aboriginal Protection Board revoked these two reserves in 1862–1863, considering them now too close to Melbourne. In March 1863, after three years of upheaval, the surviving Kulin leaders, among them Simon Wonga and William Barak , led forty Wurundjeri, Taungurung (Goulburn River) and Boonwurrung people over
2747-536: The main navigational channels between Port Phillip Heads and Melbourne. Between 1861 and 1934 McCrae was originally known as Dromana West, and in 1934, following a century of the McCrae family residing at what was then known as 'Arthurs Seat Homestead' (now 'McCrae Homestead'), the locals petitioned to have the township renamed McCrae. The lease for the Arthurs Seat run was not obtained in 1834 but in late 1843, Georgianna McCrae did not reside there until mid 1845, and
McCrae, Victoria - Misplaced Pages Continue
2814-413: The many small producers on the Peninsula. The peninsula is serviced predominantly by a network of roads. Public transport is limited to a bus service which services urban areas on the western shorelines and a train service for the eastern areas of the peninsula. The following methods of transport are available to access various regions of the peninsula: The Mornington Peninsula has a long history of being
2881-581: The most popular form of accommodation lie in the many caravan parks and camping grounds where many visitors own or rent on-site caravans and annexes or camp in tents. Camping is particularly popular on foreshore reserves where camping is permitted. Some visitors continuously book particular sites and many camping grounds have been camped on by the same family for 2 or 3 generations. For the unestablished tourist, these camping grounds must be booked anywhere from 1 to 5 years in advance for foreshore sites, while further inland sites are more easily available with at most
2948-527: The narrow bay entrance, The Heads or The Rip , and proceeds as a series of gently curved bays defined by small rocky outcrops. From an oceanic perspective, the Mornington Peninsula, together with the Bellarine Peninsula , separate the waters of Port Phillip from Bass Strait , except for a small gap known as The Rip , which also separates both peninsulas. The peninsula also separates the waters of Port Phillip and Western Port . The Mornington Peninsula
3015-574: The native thrusts the spear through them. …Saw several wild dogs on the settlement belonging to the country. …The aborigines tie up the fore foot of their dogs to prevent them going astray, instead of roping them round the neck as we do. At the native encampment, I saw two dogs thus tied. Initial contact was made in February 1801 when Lieutenant Murray and his crew from the Lady Nelson came ashore for fresh water near present-day Sorrento . A wary exchange of spears and stone axes for shirts, mirrors and
3082-414: The natives want to kill emu they get up a cherry tree before daylight with a large spear, and having put a quantity of cherries in a certain spot under the tree, conceal themselves above with a clear place for them to thrust the spear down. At day dawn the emu is heard coming by the noise it makes, and if this is a tree they have been at before they are sure to come again, when they begin eating, and then
3149-455: The newcomers were to enter their land without harm. Communities consisted of six land-owning groups called clans that spoke the Boonwurrung language and were connected through cultural and mutual interests, totems, trading initiatives, and marriage ties. Each had an Arweet , or clan leader. The clans are: Access by other clans to land and resources (such as the Birrarung, or Yarra River )
3216-499: The northern boundary of the region. The peninsula is one of four biosphere reserves in Victoria , the other three being national parks, and the only one with a resident population that reaches some 250,000 people during the peak tourist season. Some of the major parklands on the peninsula include: Land: Marine: A sewage outlet near Boag Rock, a couple of kilometres up the coast from Gunnamatta Surf Beach, pumps treated sewage into
3283-497: The ocean which finds its way to swimmers and surfers at Gunnamatta during particular tidal conditions. In March 2021, the Victorian State Government blocked a controversial project by energy company AGL to build a floating gas import terminal at Crib Point. The Mornington Peninsula is a notable wine region , producing small quantities of high quality wine from around 60 wineries. While most varieties are grown,
3350-435: The peak tourist period. Most visitors to the peninsula are local to central Victoria. However, international visitors from Asian markets such as China have become increasingly attracted to the area with international visitors increasing by 3–4% in 2018. Overall tourism on the Mornington Peninsula has also grown with a 20% increase in overnight trips in 2017, with newly established luxury hotels such as Jackalope Hotel increasing
3417-502: The peninsula has been cleared for agriculture and settlements. However, small areas of the native ecology remain in the peninsula's south and west, some of which is protected by the Mornington Peninsula National Park . In 2002, around 180,000 people lived on the peninsula and in nearby areas, most in the built-up towns on its western shorelines which are sometimes regarded as outlying suburbs of greater Melbourne; there
SECTION 50
#17328481163923484-536: The period of British exploration and settlement, the Boonwurrung were involved in a long-running dispute with the Gunai/Kurnai people from Gippsland . According to William Barak , the last traditional elder of the Wurundjeri people, the conflict was a dispute over resources, which resulted in heavy casualties being suffered by the Boonwurrung. Many Gunnai raids occurred to abduct Boonwurrung women. The Yowengerra had almost been completely annihilated by 1836, largely as
3551-449: The popularity of the region. 100,000 campers also enjoy the municipality's foreshore camping sites in the summer months for cheaper overnight trips. Short-stay rental services such as Airbnb have also become popular among tourists with 3.7% of the region's housing stock listed on the website. The Mornington Peninsula is also the third most popular tourist destination in Victoria for day-trip visitors. The suburb of Mornington has become
3618-475: The population speak English exclusively, the Mornington Peninsula population can speak other popular languages. 1.0% speak Italian, 0.7% speak Greek, 0.4% speak German, 0.3% speak Mandarin and 0.2% speak French. The peninsula extends from the mainland between Pearcedale and Frankston in a south-westerly direction for about 40 km (25 mi) at a width of about 15–20 kilometres (9.3–12.4 mi). It then begins to extend roughly 15 km (9.3 mi) in
3685-450: The resources available to them. As with most other Kulin territories, penalties such as spearings were enforced upon trespassers. Boonwurrung moieties classified people either as Bunjil , that is eaglehawk or Waang , namely raven . Information on traditional life has been passed down by Boonwurrung people from one generation to the next, and was also recorded by European settlers and administrators. The Yalukit-willam clan of
3752-494: The shoreline, stands at 305 metres (1,001 ft ) above sea level. The peninsula hosts around 190 km (120 mi) of coastline. Its eastern shorelines meet many mangroves and mudflats in the waters of Western Port before it tapers down to form Crib Point, Stony Point and Sandy Point at the peninsula's most south-easterly point. In the south-east between Sandy Point and West Head, the mudflats give way to sandy beaches which in turn become more and more rocky further south. In
3819-522: The south known as Greens Bush, and the coastal fringe bordering Bass Strait and Western Port Bay. Most large areas of bushland are now included within the Mornington Peninsula National Park . As professional farming has declined, hobby farmers with an interest in the aesthetic and the natural environment have taken over much of the peninsula. This has led to an expansion of natural bushland on private property, and many native species, such as koalas, are becoming increasingly common. The local council also has
3886-444: The south the peninsula meets Bass Strait and the coastline becomes very rocky between West Head and Cape Schanck. The coast between Cape Schanck and Point Nepean consists of a long slow curvature of open-sea surf beaches, many too dangerous to swim in. Its western shorelines form various headlands and bays in the sheltered waters of Port Phillip , hosting many shallow safe beaches. The western coastline facing Port Phillip starts at
3953-488: The southern end of the Tyabb Fault. The Mornington Peninsula is located over 40 km south-east of Melbourne . As of 2016 it has a population of 154,999 which can swell up to 250,000 during the summer months. The majority of the Mornington Peninsula is administered by the local government area of the Shire of Mornington Peninsula , with southern areas of the adjoining City of Frankston and City of Casey forming part of
4020-428: The variety of beaches, both sheltered and open-sea and many scenic sights and views. Other popular attractions include the various wineries, mazes and the diverse array of water sports made available by the diversity of beaches and calm waters of Port Phillip and Western Port. Most visitors to the peninsula are residents of Melbourne who camp, rent villas and share houses or stay in private beach houses . The peninsula
4087-482: Was a favourite food. Others were the black wattle gum, the pith of tree ferns, native cherries , kangaroo apples and various fungi. Murnong grew all year was best eaten in spring. Tubers were collected in vast amounts in string bags. Fresh murnong could be eaten raw, or if less fresh, murnong could be roasted or baked in earth ovens. Murnong used to grow in great amounts along the Kororoit Creek and other creeks in
SECTION 60
#17328481163924154-698: Was agreed that Mount Cottrell , the site of a massacre in 1836 with at least 10 Wathaurong victims, would be jointly managed above the 160 m (520 ft) line. However these new boundaries are disputed by some Wurundjeri and Boonwurrung people, including N'arweet Carolyn Briggs of the Boonwurrung Land and Sea Council. In Boonwurrung belief, their territory was carved out by the creator Loo-errn as he moved from Yarra Flats down to his final resting place at Wamoon and, as custodians of this marr-ne-beek country, they required outsiders to observe certain ritual prohibitions and to learn their language if
4221-516: Was first used correctly to describe the former Dromana West in 1941 when tenders were called for this mail run. 10. Frankston Railway Station and Portsea, via Frankston Post Office, Mount Eliza, Mornington Post Office, Mount Martha, Moat's Corner, Dromana, McCrae , Rosebud, Rosebud West, Rye and Sorrento, twelve times weekly, November, to April, and eleven times weekly, May to October, (inclusive). Mails to leave Frankston at about 6.30 a.m., and leave Portsea on return at about 1 p.m. The first mention of
4288-534: Was formed by the flooding of Port Phillip Bay after the end of the glacial period about 10000 BC. It may have extended into Port Phillip at various times, most recently between 800 BC and 1000 AD when Port Phillip Bay may have dried out. Indigenous Australians of the Mayone-bulluk and Boonwurrung-Balluk clans lived on the peninsula as part of the Boonwurrung People 's territory prior to European settlement. The territory hosted six clans who lived along
4355-837: Was never found. He was officially presumed dead on 19 December 1967. In 2016, 17.8% of people in Mornington Peninsula Shire were born overseas. 8.9% of the total population were born in the United Kingdom being the largest migrant group in the region. 1.4% were born in New Zealand, 0.7% were born in Italy, 0.6% were born in Germany and 0.6% were born in the Netherlands. This was followed by smaller migrant groups from Ireland, United States of America, South Africa and Greece. While 88.9% of
4422-513: Was plenty of bird life to hunt, including ducks and swans. There were abundant eels, yabbies, and fish in Stony and Kororoit creeks, and the Yarra River. Men were experts at spearing eels and Robinson notes in his diary in 1841 two men catching 40lbs of eel 'in a very short time'. The coast provided saltwater fish, mussels, cockles and small crabs. Women were primarily gatherers. Murnong (or yam daisy)
4489-405: Was sometimes restricted depending on the state of the resource in question. For example; if a river or creek had been fished regularly throughout the fishing season and fish supplies were down, fishing was limited or stopped entirely by the clan who owned that resource until fish were given a chance to recover. During this time, other resources were utilised for food. This ensured the sustained use of
#391608