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20-503: Silvan has been identified by several scholars as one of two possible locations (the other being Arzan) of Tigranakert (Tigranocerta), the ancient capital of the Kingdom of Armenia , which was built by King Tigran the Great (ruling 95–55 BC) and named in his honor. In 69 BC , the army of Republican Rome defeated Tigran's troops in the battle of Tigranocerta . The city lost its importance as

40-701: A governor to preside over Meiafarakin. In early 1260, the city, defended by its last Ayyubid ruler Al-Kamil Muhammad , suffered the Siege of Mayyāfāriqīn , and its population then massacred by the Mongol army led by Hulagu Khan , with the help of his Georgian and Armenian allies. The Artukids eventually disappeared in 1408 under the attacks of the Qara Qoyunlu . In 1896, reports by the British Vice Consul Hallward indicate that many villages were destroyed during

60-555: A thriving center for trade and Hellenistic culture in the following decades. In 387 AD, with the Peace of Acilisene , Tigranakert was made part of the Byzantine Empire . Around 400 AD , the city's bishop , Marutha (later, saint Maruthas ), brought a large number of relics of Christian martyrs persecuted under Sassanid rule back from Sassanid Persia . For this reason Tigranakert was renamed Martyropolis (Μαρτυρούπολις), " city of

80-505: Is a public university located in Diyarbakır , Turkey , and one of the largest higher education institution . Vocational schools are located in Ergani , Çermik , Çüngüş , Bismil , and Silvan Dicle University's early history is linked with Diyarbakır Eğitim Enstitüsü which was chartered on 1962. The Faculty of Medicine, which was opened in 1966 as a part of Ankara University , forms

100-508: The Armenian massacres in 1895 . Hallward was engaged in the rebuilding of about 35 villages. An ambush killing 13 Turkish soldiers occurred in the forests of Silvan by Kurdistan Workers' Party separatists, who also lost seven killed in action. Silvan was also the site of serious clashes between Turkish government forces and Kurdish Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK) separatists in August 2015 during

120-567: The Caspian Sea , west to central Cappadocia , and south towards Judea , advancing as far as the regions surrounding what is now the Krak des Chevaliers . The city's markets were filled with traders and merchants doing business from all over the ancient world. Tigranocerta quickly became a very important commercial, as well as cultural center of the Near East. The magnificent theater that was established by

140-506: The Garzan river mentioned by T. A. Sinclair . It was one of four cities in historic Armenia named Tigranakert . The others were in Nakhichevan , Artsakh and Utik , the 4 cities being in the old Armenian provinces Aldznik , Goghtn , Utik , Artsakh . To create this city, Tigranes forced many people out of their homes to make up the population. Armenia at this time had expanded east to

160-624: The 7th century. It was then controlled by the first three Arab Caliphates until it came under the control of the Hamdanids in 935, then the Buyids in 978, then it came under the Kurdish Marwanids and became the capital of their dynasty until the end of the 11th century. The city and the entire province of Diyarbakir were taken in 1085 by the Seljuks under Malik-Shah I . During the following years,

180-514: The Great 's 'conquests of the east', Tigranocerta was retaken briefly by Rome, but was lost when Tigranes the Great was given parts of his kingdom back after his initial surrender to Pompey for the cost of 6,000 talents (an indemnity paid to Rome over an uncertain period). It was again taken by the Romans under Corbulo , during the Roman–Parthian War of 58–63 . During late antiquity Tigranokert

200-554: The Great King, of which he was an avid devotee, conducted dramas and comedies mostly played by Greek as well as Armenian actors. Plutarch wrote that Tigranocerta was "a rich and beautiful city where every common man and every man of rank studied to adorn it". The Hellenistic culture during the Artaxiad dynasty had a strong influence and the Greek language was in fact the official language of

220-557: The Seljuk Sultan of Rum Kilij Arslan I , who fought against the Crusader forces. They also discovered his daughter Saide Hatun's burial site during nine days of work. Researchers dug two meters deep across a 35-square-meter area and focused their works on two gravesites in Orta Çeşme Park. The Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople reported 13,824 Armenians living in the kaza of Silvan on

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240-674: The city changed hands several times due to rivalries between Seljuk clans and local rulers. In 1118, the Artukids took the city. They resisted the attacks of Zengid ruler Imad al-Din Zengi for many years. The Artukid Husam al-Din Timurtash built the Malabadi Bridge near Meiafarakin, one of the wonders of the time by its dimensions. The dynasty remained in place but preferred to reside in Mardin , leaving

260-468: The city was set ablaze. An abundant quantity of gold and silver was carried off to Rome as war booty. Lucullus took most of the gold and silver from the melted-down statues, pots, cups and other valuable metals and precious stones. During the pillage most of the city's inhabitants fled to the countryside. The newly established theater building was also destroyed in the fire. The great city would never recover from this devastating destruction. During Pompey

280-512: The court. Tigranes had divided Greater Armenia – the nucleus of the Empire – into four major strategic regions or viceroyalties. A Roman force under Lucius Licinius Lucullus defeated Tigranes at the Battle of Tigranocerta nearby in 69 BC, and afterwards sacked the city, sending many of the people back to their original homes. After the plunder, which included the destruction of statues and temples,

300-689: The eve of World War I , all Kurdish -speaking. They had 28 churches, two monasteries, and 35 schools. The town itself had 2,500 Armenian Apostolic Christians and 1,500 other Christians: Chaldeans (500 according to Priest Joseph Tfinkdji), Syriac Catholics, Syriac Orthodox, and Melchites. Assyrians call the city ܣܝܠܘܐܢ. Today, the municipality and district are Kurdish . There are 94 neighbourhoods in Silvan District: Tigranakert (Silvan) Tigranocerta ( Greek : Τιγρανόκερτα , Tigranόkerta ; Tigranakert ; Armenian : Տիգրանակերտ ), also called Cholimma or Chlomaron in antiquity,

320-569: The martyrs ." Following the reforms of Justinian I (rule 527–565), the city was made the capital of the province of Fourth Armenia . The city was inconclusively besieged by the Persians in the last phase of the Iberian War . The city suffered heavily in the Battle of Martyropolis in 588 AD , but soon prospered again. It was known by the name of Mayyāfāriqīn after the Arabs took over this region in

340-543: The nucleus of the present Dicle University. With the opening of the Faculty of Art and Sciences in 1974, Dicle University was officially founded including two faculties. The Faculty of Dentistry was founded in 1976 and the Faculty of Agriculture in 1981. The name Diyarbakir University was changed to Dicle University in 1982. The Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, The Faculty of Law, The Faculty of Education, three graduate schools and five schools were opened as new institutions of

360-506: The wider Operation Martyr Yalçın . Naşide Toprak from the Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP) was elected Mayor of Silvan in the local elections in March 2019. She was dismissed in March 2020, and Mehmet Uslu has been appointed as a trustee instead of her. Archaeologists headed by professor Ahmet Tanyıldız, the vice-rector of Dicle University , announced in 2021 that they had discovered the grave of

380-510: Was a city and the capital of the Armenian Kingdom between 77 and 69 BCE. It bore the name of Tigranes the Great , who founded the city in the first century BC. There is so far no common agreement on the precise location of Tigranakert; it was either near present-day Silvan , Arzan (Arzn, in the Armenian province of Arzanene or Aghdznik), east of Diyarbakır , Turkey, or in the valley of

400-871: Was commonly referred to as Chlomaron , which was either another name or the name of a more significant settlement near the ancient one. In 587 during the reign of emperor Maurice , Chlomaron and much of Armenia came under Roman administration after the Romans defeated the Sassanid Persian Empire at the Battle of the Blarathon . During the Ottoman period, Armenians referred to the city of Diyarbekir as Dikranagerd ( Western Armenian pronunciation of Tigranakert). 38°08′32″N 41°00′05″E  /  38.1422°N 41.0014°E  / 38.1422; 41.0014 Dicle University Dicle University ( Turkish : Dicle Üniversitesi , Kurdish : Zanîngeha Dîcleyê )

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