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A matronymic is a personal name or a parental name based on the given name of one's mother, grandmother, or any female ancestor. It is the female equivalent of a patronymic . Around the world, matronymic surnames are far less common than patronymic surnames . In some cultures in the past, matronymic last names were often given to children of unwed mothers. Or if a woman was especially well known or powerful, her descendants might adopt a matronym based on her name. A matronymic is a derived name, as compared to a matriname , which is an inherited name from a mother's side of the family, and which is unchanged.

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68-612: The surname Mauriello came from the personal name Mauro , which is itself derived from the Latin name Maurus . Notable people with the surname include: Francesco Mauriello (born 1993), Italian motorcycle racer Justin Mauriello (born 1975), American rock singer and guitarist Ralph Mauriello (born 1934), American baseball player Tami Mauriello (1923–1999), American boxer and actor [REDACTED] Surname list This page lists people with

136-555: A last name or family name ). In the name "James Smith", for example, James is the first name and Smith is the surname. Surnames in the West generally indicate that the individual belongs to a family, a tribe, or a clan, although the exact relationships vary: they may be given at birth, taken upon adoption, changed upon marriage , and so on. Where there are two or more given names, typically only one (in English-speaking cultures usually

204-589: A cousin or neighbour. There are even instances where royal houses used matronymics to strengthen claims to the English throne – for example, Empress Matilda's eldest son was known as Henry FitzEmpress (- fitz meaning "son of" from Latin filius ). Common English matronyms include Madison, Beaton, Custer, Tiffany, Parnell, Hilliard, Marriott, Ibbetson, Babbs, and Megson. In the old Finnish system, women were standardly given matronyms, while men were given patronyms, for example, Ainontytär (female) or Pekanpoika (male). Since

272-540: A forename followed by first and then second surnames (e.g. Josephine Awanto Nchang). The latter structure is rare in Francophone Cameroon, however, where a third structure prevails: First surname, second surname, forename (e.g. Awanto Nchang Josephine). Depending on national convention, additional given names (and sometimes titles ) are considered part of the name. The royalty , nobility , and gentry of Europe traditionally have many names, including phrases for

340-485: A matronymic surname. For instance, it was traditional during the Middle Ages for children whose fathers died before their births to use a matronym, and it was not unheard of for children to be given a matronym if the father's name was foreign, difficult to pronounce, or had an unfortunate meaning. A child of a strong-minded woman might also take a matronym, as might a child whose name would otherwise be confused with that of

408-549: A mothers name ended in the mid 19th century, but the matriarch lines are still traced. Other historical examples of matronyms in Ukraine include: Olenych, Katerynchuk, Khyvrych. Oleg Yaroslavich , 12th century prince of Halych, was known as Oleg Nastasyich during his life to distinguish his claim from that of his half-brother Volodymyr. Most characters in the Bible are referred to with a patronymic. However, Abishai , Joab , and Asahel –

476-437: A person must have a given name , which is usually gender-specific, followed by the parents' family name . In onomastic terminology, given names of male persons are called andronyms (from Ancient Greek ἀνήρ / man, and ὄνομα / name), while given names of female persons are called gynonyms (from Ancient Greek γυνή / woman, and ὄνομα / name). Some given names are bespoke, but most are repeated from earlier generations in

544-486: A prefix instead of Patronymic suffix (father's given name) and the initials is/ are prefixed or listed first and then followed by the son's/ daughter's given name. One system used for naming, using only given names (without using family name or surname) is as below: for Tamil Hindu son's name using the initials system: S. Rajeev: (initial S for father's given name Suresh and Rajeev is the son's given name). The same Tamil Hindu name using Patronymic suffix last name system

612-504: A result, a large number of today's surviving Ashkenazi surnames can be traced to a matrilineal ancestor rather than the more globally common trend of surnames being passed between male ancestors and their male descendants. Nevertheless, these surnames weren't matronymic in a strict sense. They are what is known as a matriname , since these particular cases don't derive family names from a mother's fore name, instead opting to do so from their surnames. The pattern even precluded instances where

680-425: A son's name is followed by his father's name. Seediqs often get to choose which of their parents’ name to go after their own. Some Vietnamese names also function this way, as less of a "tradition" than a style or trend, in which the mother's maiden name is the child's middle name. Although many English matronyms were given to children of unwed mothers, it was not unusual for children of married women to also use

748-623: Is patronymic . Thus, all the children of Ivan Volkov would be named "[first name] Ivanovich Volkov" if male, or "[first name] Ivanovna Volkova" if female (-ovich meaning "son of", -ovna meaning "daughter of", and -a usually being appended to the surnames of girls). However, in formal Russian name order, the surname comes first, followed by the given name and patronymic, such as "Raskolnikov Rodion Romanovich". In many families, single or multiple middle names are simply alternative names, names honoring an ancestor or relative, or, for married women, sometimes their maiden names. In some traditions, however,

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816-487: Is Rajeev Suresh meaning Rajeev son of Suresh (Rajeev (first is son's given name) followed by Suresh (father's given name)). As a result, unlike surnames, while using patronymic suffix the same last name will not pass down through many generations. For Tamil Hindu daughters, the initials naming system is the same, eg: S. Meena. Using the Patronymic suffix system it is Meena Suresh: meaning Meena daughter of Suresh; Meena (first

884-434: Is a single word, known as a mononym . This can be true from birth, or occur later in life. For example, Teller , of the magician duo Penn and Teller , was named Raymond Joseph Teller at birth, but changed his name both legally and socially to be simply "Teller". In some official government documents, such as his driver's license , his given name is listed as NFN , an initialism for "no first name". The Inuit believe that

952-401: Is a system describing the choice of personal name in a certain society. Personal names consist of one or more parts, such as given name , surname and patronymic . Personal naming systems are studied within the field of anthroponymy . In contemporary Western societies (except for Iceland, Hungary, and sometimes Flanders , depending on the occasion), the most common naming convention is that

1020-513: Is also considered bad luck to take the name of a living ancestor, as the Angel of Death may mistake the younger person for their namesake (although there is no such custom among Sephardi Jews ). Jews may also have a Jewish name for intra-community use and use a different name when engaging with the Gentile world. Chinese and Japanese emperors receive posthumous names . In some Polynesian cultures ,

1088-458: Is always written in the Western order. The English and transliterated Chinese full names can be written in various orders. A hybrid order is preferred in official documents including the legislative records in the case for Hong Kong. Examples of the hybrid order goes in the form of Hong Kong actor “ Tony Leung Chiu-wai ” or Singapore Prime Minister " Lawrence Wong Shyun Tsai ", with family names (in

1156-495: Is commonly gendered (e.g. Mr., Mrs., Ms., Miss.) and might additionally convey marital status . Historically, professional titles such as "Doctor" and "Reverend" were largely confined to male professions, so these were implicitly gendered. In formal address, personal names, inclusive of a generational designation, if any, may be followed by one or more post-nominal letters giving office, honour, decoration, accreditation, or formal affiliation. The order given name(s), family name

1224-640: Is commonly known as the Western name order and is usually used in Western European countries and in non-Western European countries that have cultures predominantly influenced by Western Europe (e.g. the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand). It is also used in non-Western regions such as North , East , Central and West India ; Pakistan; Bangladesh; Thailand; Saudi Arabia; Indonesia (non-traditional); Singapore; Malaysia (most of, non-traditional); and

1292-465: Is daughter's given name) followed by Suresh (father's given name). As a result, unlike surnames, while using patronymic suffix the same last name will not pass down through many generations. And after marriage the wife may or may not take her husband's given name as her last name instead of her father's. Eg: after marriage, Meena Jagadish: meaning Meena wife of Jagadish: Meena (first is wife's given name) followed by Jagadish (husband's given name). Hungary

1360-551: Is different from North India where family name typically appears last or other parts of South India where patronymic names are widely used instead of family names. Tamil people , generally those of younger generations, do not employ caste names as surnames. This came into common use in India and also the Tamil diaspora in nations like Singapore after the Dravidian movement in 1930s, when

1428-432: Is different from Wikidata All set index articles Personal name A personal name , full name or prosoponym (from Ancient Greek prósōpon – person, and onoma –name) is the set of names by which an individual person or animal is known. When taken together as a word-group , they all relate to that one individual. In many cultures, the term is synonymous with the birth name or legal name of

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1496-475: Is difficult to ascertain if name of a specific family is patronymic or matronymic considering many Serbian names have both male and female version (for example, surname Miljanić could come from both m.- Miljan and f.- Miljana). Cases where widows had to become heads of households were not uncommon during 18th and 19th century and when surnames were first standardized in Serbia in 1851 it was decided they would be based on

1564-459: Is especially done in Iceland (as shown in example) where people are known and referred to almost exclusively by their given name/s. Some people (called anonyms ) choose to be anonymous , that is, to hide their true names, for fear of governmental prosecution or social ridicule of their works or actions. Another method to disguise one's identity is to employ a pseudonym . For some people, their name

1632-653: Is known as Junichiro Koizumi in English. Japan has requested that Western publications cease this practice of placing their names in the Western name order and revert to the Eastern name order. Mongols use the Eastern naming order ( patronymic followed by given name), which is also used there when rendering the names of other East Asians. However, Russian and other Western names (with the exception of Hungarian names) are still written in Western order. Telugu people from Andhra Pradesh and Telangana traditionally use family name, given name order. The family name first format

1700-457: Is not referred to as Jinping Xi. Its sluggish response by Western publications was met with ire by Japanese politician Taro Kono , who stated that "If you can write Moon Jae-in and Xi Jinping in correct order, you can surely write Abe Shinzo the same way." Chinese, Koreans, and other East Asian peoples, except for those traveling or living outside of China and areas influenced by China, rarely reverse their Chinese and Korean language names to

1768-611: Is one of the few Western countries to use the Eastern naming order where the given name is placed after the family name. Mordvins use two names – a Mordvin name and a Russian name. The Mordvin name is written in the Eastern name order. Usually, the Mordvin surname is the same as the Russian surname, for example Sharononj Sandra (Russian: Aleksandr Sharonov ), but it can be different at times, for example Yovlan Olo (Russian: Vladimir Romashkin). In official documents as well as in verbal speech,

1836-420: Is too common to allow an easy identification. For example, former Spanish Prime Minister José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero is often called just Zapatero . In Argentina, only the father's last name is used, in most cases. In Portugal, Brazil and most other Portuguese-speaking countries, at least two surnames are used, often three or four, typically some or none inherited from the mother and some or all inherited from

1904-841: The Oxford English Dictionary records an English noun patronym in free variation with the noun patronymic , it does not, however, record a corresponding noun matronym . More rarely, English writers use forms based wholly on Greek: the noun metronym (first attested in 1904); and the noun and adjective metronymic (first attested in 1868). These are, for example, the forms used in the 2016 The Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain and Ireland . Speakers are in practice likely to use female-line name, or name of "his/her mother" to be both specific and avoid use of technical terms. Some matrilineal communities in South and North-East India, like

1972-581: The Constitutional Court of Kyrgyzstan decided that adults may have the right to use a matronymic instead of the traditional patronymic on their official documents. After pushback from conservative groups, the court reversed its decision in November. An example of an Arabic matronymic is the name of Jesus "Yeshua ibn Maryam", which means "Jesus, the son of Mary". The book Kitāb man nusiba ilá ummihi min al-shu‘arā’ (the book of poets who are named with

2040-796: The Eastern name order , began to be prominently used in Ancient China and subsequently influenced the East Asian cultural sphere ( China , Japan, Korea, and Vietnam) and particularly among the Chinese communities in Cambodia, Laos, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, or the Philippines. It is also used in the southern and northeastern parts of India, as well as in Central Europe by Hungary and Romania . In Uganda,

2108-502: The Machiguenga of the Amazon, do not use personal names. A person's personal name is usually their full legal name ; however, some people use only part of their full legal name, a title , nickname , pseudonym or other chosen name that is different from their legal name, and reserve their legal name for legal and administrative purposes. It is nearly universal for people to have names;

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2176-524: The Nairs , Bunts and Khasi , have family names which are inherited from their mother. Matronymic names are common in Kerala . Daughters take the names of their mothers as the second part of their name. Some Minangkabau people use this naming system, many people, however, have no surname at all. People of Enggano Island also use a matronymic system. They also have family name/surname ( marga ). In July 2023,

2244-471: The Self respect movement in the 1950s and 1960s campaigned against the use of one's caste as part of the name. Patronymic naming system is: apart from their given name, people are described by their patronymic, that is given names (not surnames) of their father. Older generations used the initials system where the father's given name appears as an initial, for eg: Tamil Hindu people's names simply use initials as

2312-622: The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child declares that a child has the right to a name from birth. Common components of names given at birth can include: In Spain and most Latin American countries, two surnames are used, one being the father's family name and the other being the mother's family name. In Spain, the second surname is sometimes informally used alone if the first one

2380-477: The maiden name of the child’s mother as a middle name as opposed to the Anglo-American use of additional given names. Filipino children born to unwed mothers , if not legally claimed by the father nor adopted by anyone else, automatically bear their mother’s maiden name as their surname and sometimes her middle name as her siblings would. Amis people 's daughter names are followed by the mother's name, while

2448-425: The souls of the namesakes are one, so they traditionally refer to the junior namesakes, not just by the names ( atiq ), but also by kinship title, which applies across gender and generation without implications of disrespect or seniority. In Judaism , someone's name is considered intimately connected with their fate, and adding a name (e.g. on the sickbed) may avert a particular danger. Among Ashkenazi Jews it

2516-415: The surname Mauriello . If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding the person's given name (s) to the link. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mauriello&oldid=1082354191 " Category : Surnames Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description

2584-528: The 19th century the system of inherited family names has been used, however, and today nearly all Finns have inherited surnames. Family names derived from matronyms are found in France , especially in Normandy : Catherine, Marie, Jeanne, Adeline. In medieval Normandy ( Duchy of Normandy ), a matronym might be used when the mother was of greater prominence than the father or the basis for a claim of inheritance, such as in

2652-578: The Family name comes in first before the Given name when the full name is spelled out. Matronymic The word matronymic is first attested in English in 1794 and originates in the Greek μήτηρ mētēr "mother" ( GEN μητρός mētros whence the combining form μητρo- mētro -), ὄνυμα onyma , a variant form of ὄνομα onoma "name", and the suffix -ικός - ikos , which was originally used to form adjectives with

2720-952: The Fourth Branch of the Mabinogi (the children of Dôn ). For instance the famous mythological King of Ulster, Conchobar mac Nessa is named after his mother Ness . Matronymics are accepted in the Netherlands but are generally written as given names on identity cards. Family names derived from matronyms are also found in Romania , especially in the region of Moldavia . Examples include: Aioanei, Ababei, Acatrinei, Ailincăi. Although far less common than patronymic surnames, matronymic surnames are widespread both in Serbia and in neighboring countries. Examples include surnames such as Katić, Sinđelić, Nedić, Marić, Višnjić, Janjić, Sarić, Miličić, Milenić, Natalić, Zorić, Smiljić, Anđelić and many others. Sometimes it

2788-415: The Philippines. Within alphabetic lists and catalogs, however, the family name is generally put first, with the given name(s) following and separated by a comma (e.g. Jobs, Steve ), representing the "lexical name order". This convention is followed by most Western libraries, as well as on many administrative forms. In some countries, such as France, or countries previously part of the former Soviet Union,

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2856-448: The Western naming order. Western publications also preserve this Eastern naming order for Chinese, Korean and other East Asian individuals, with the family name first, followed by the given name. In China, Cantonese names of Hong Kong people are usually written in the Eastern order with or without a comma (e.g. Bai Chiu En or Bai, Chiu En). Outside Hong Kong, they are usually written in Western order. Unlike other East Asian countries,

2924-558: The Westernized name order back to the Eastern name order in official documents (e.g. identity documents , academic certificates , birth certificates , marriage certificates , among others), which means writing family name first in capital letters and has recommended that the same format be used among the general Japanese public. Japan has also requested Western publications to respect this change, such as not using Shinzo Abe but rather Abe Shinzo, similar to how Chinese leader Xi Jinping

2992-530: The case of the American presidents George H. W. Bush and his son George W. Bush , distinct middle initials serve this purpose instead, necessitating their more frequent use. The improvised and unofficial "Bush Sr." and "Bush Jr." were nevertheless tossed about in banter on many entertainment journalism opinion panels; alternatively, they became distinguished merely as "W." and "H. W.". In formal address, personal names may be preceded by pre-nominal letters , giving title (e.g. Dr., Captain ), or social rank, which

3060-582: The cases of Henry FitzEmpress and Robert FitzWimarc . Some Icelandic people, like Heiðar Helguson , have matronyms. A particularity by the Norse name of the trickster among the revered of Åsgard is that Loki got a matronymic, Loki Laufeyjarson. His father Fárbauti is associated with Wild Fire, and his mother, the leaves of the trees, the mother of all figs and birches, as in Askr and Embla. Matronymics appear in medieval Celtic tales such as Cath Maige Tuired and

3128-462: The comma may be dropped and the swapped form of the name be uttered as such, perceived as a mark of bureaucratic formality. In the USSR and now Russia, personal initials are often written in the "family name - given name - patronymic name" order when signing official documents ( Russian : ФИО , romanized :  FIO ), e.g. " Rachmaninoff S.V. ". The order family name, given name , commonly known as

3196-544: The example, Leung and Wong) shared in the middle. Therefore, the anglicised names are written in the Western order (Tony Leung, Lawrence Wong) and the Chinese names are written in the Eastern order (Leung Chiu-wai, 梁朝偉; Wong Shyun Tsai, 黄循财). Japanese use the Eastern naming order (family name followed by given name). In contrast to China and Korea, due to familiarity, Japanese names of contemporary people are usually "switched" when people who have such names are mentioned in media in Western countries; for example, Koizumi Jun'ichirō

3264-590: The family name should be written in all capitals when engaging in formal correspondence or writing for an international audience. In Hungarian, the Eastern order of Japanese names is officially kept, and Hungarian transliteration is used (e.g. Mijazaki Hajao in Hungarian ), but Western name order is also sometimes used with English transliteration (e.g. Hayao Miyazaki). This is also true for Hungarian names in Japanese, e.g. Ferenc Puskás (Japanese: プシュカーシュ・フェレンツ , written in

3332-413: The father, in that order. Co-parental siblings most often share an identical string of surnames. For collation, shortening, and formal addressing, the last of these surnames is typically preferred. A Portuguese person named António de Oliveira Guterres would therefore be known commonly as António Guterres. In Russia , the first name and family name conform to the usual Western practice, but the middle name

3400-468: The first three names (given name, father's name, father's father's name) and the family name at the end, to limit the name in government-issued ID. Men's names and women's names are constructed using the same convention, and a person's name is not altered if they are married. Some cultures, including Western ones, also add (or once added) patronymics or matronymics , for instance as a middle name as with Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (whose father's given name

3468-471: The first) is used in normal speech. Another naming convention that is used mainly in the Arabic culture and in different other areas across Africa and Asia is connecting the person's given name with a chain of names, starting with the name of the person's father and then the father's father and so on, usually ending with the family name (tribe or clan name). However, the legal full name of a person usually contains

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3536-424: The individual. In linguistic classification, personal names are studied within a specific onomastic discipline, called anthroponymy . As of 2023, aside from humans, dolphins and elephants have been known to use personal names. In Western culture , nearly all individuals possess at least one given name (also known as a first name , forename , or Christian name ), together with a surname (also known as

3604-452: The lands that they own. The French developed the method of putting the term by which the person is referred in small capital letters. It is this habit which transferred to names of Eastern Asia, as seen below. An example is that of Marie-Joseph-Paul-Yves-Roch Gilbert du Motier, who is known as the Marquis de La Fayette . He possessed both the lands of Motier and La Fayette. The bare place name

3672-521: The lineage of their mothers) by the 9th-century author Muḥammad ibn Ḥabīb is a study of the matronymics of Arabic poets. There exist other examples of matronymics in historical Arabic. While most Mongolian names today are patronymic , some Mongolians are known to be matronymic. This could be due to, for example, an absence of the father such as in the case of Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat , the first elected president of Mongolia. Filipino names legally use

3740-435: The name of a deceased chief becomes taboo . If he is named after a common object or concept, a different word has to be used for it. In Cameroon , there is "a great deal of mobility" within naming structure. Some Cameroonians, particularly Anglophone Cameroonians, use "a characteristic sequencing" starting with a first surname, followed by a forename then a second surname (e.g. Awanto Josephine Nchang), while others begin with

3808-695: The names of eldest living heads of households which in some cases were women. People who didn't know their father well would also take matronymic surnames, with notable cases being hero of the First Serbian Uprising Stevan Sinđelić , who took that surname in honor of his mother Sinđelija. In Ukraine, the suffix chak interprets as "daughter of" implying an original history of matronyms (similar to American last names ending in 'son' [Davidson, Williamson]). In Ukraine all last names ending with -chak, such as Rataichak, Katerchak, Alberchak, Bartchak, Shchak, etc... are matronyms. The practice of taking

3876-464: The ordering "traditional family name first, Western origin given name second" is also frequently used. When East Asian names are transliterated into the Latin alphabet , some people prefer to convert them to the Western order, while others leave them in the Eastern order but write the family name in capital letters . To avoid confusion, there is a convention in some language communities, e.g., French, that

3944-573: The recovery of a person whose life is in danger, the endangered person's mother is named, the normal formula being "We call upon you to pray for the recovery of "[person's name], son/daughter of [mother's name]". In the 18th century, numerous European nations, such as the Holy Roman Empire , passed laws and issued decrees which mandated that Jews adopt consistent, legal surnames. While this applied to all Jews regardless of gender, for many, their surname came from their mothers, and not their fathers. As

4012-576: The roles of the first and middle given names are reversed, with the first given name being used to honor a family member and the middle name being used as the usual method to address someone informally. Many Catholic families choose a saint 's name as their child's middle name or this can be left until the child's confirmation when they choose a saint's name for themselves. Cultures that use patronymics or matronymics will often give middle names to distinguish between two similarly named people: e.g., Einar Karl Stefánsson and Einar Guðmundur Stefánsson. This

4080-516: The same Eastern order "Puskás Ferenc"). Starting from the Meiji Restoration in 1868, the Western name order was primarily used among the Japanese nobility when identifying themselves to non-Asians with their romanized names. As a result, in popular Western publications, this order became increasingly used for Japanese names in the subsequent decades. In 2020, the Government of Japan reverted

4148-424: The same culture. Many are drawn from mythology, some of which span multiple language areas. This has resulted in related names in different languages (e.g. George , Georg , Jorge ), which might be translated or might be maintained as immutable proper nouns. In earlier times, Scandinavian countries followed patronymic naming, with people effectively called "X's son/daughter"; this is now the case only in Iceland and

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4216-452: The senior or junior generation (or both) may be designed with the name suffix "Sr." or "Jr.", respectively (in the former case, retrospectively); or, more formally, by an ordinal Roman number such as "I", "II" or "III". In the Catholic tradition, papal names are distinguished in sequence, and may be reused many times, such as John XXIII (the 23rd pope assuming the papal name "John"). In

4284-409: The sense "pertaining to" (thus "pertaining to the mother's name"). The Greek word μητρωνυμικός mētrōnymikos was then borrowed into Latin in a partially Latinised form (Greek mētēr , dialectally mātēr , corresponds to Latin mater ), as matronomicus . These words were a source for coining the English matronymic as the female counterpart to patronymic (first attested in English in 1612). Whereas

4352-915: The sons of Zeruiah , sister or stepsister of King David – are invariably referred to as "Sons of Zeruiah" and the name of their father remains unknown. Also the Biblical Judge Shamgar is referred to with the matronymic "Son of Anat ". There are indications of a Jewish history of matronymic names. Specifically, in East European Jewish society, there appeared various matronymic family names such as Rivlin (from Rivka / Rebecca ), Sorkin (from Sarah ), Zeitlin (from Zeitl), Rochlin (from Rachel ), Feiglin (from Feige ), Dworkin (from Dvora), and others. In certain Jewish prayers and blessings, matronyms are used, e.g., "Joseph ben (son of) Miriam". Specifically, when people are asked to pray urgently for

4420-400: The syllables or logograms of given names are not hyphenated or compounded but instead separated by a space (e.g. Chiu En). Outside East Asia, it is often confused with the second syllables with middle names regardless of name order. Some computer systems could not handle given name inputs with space characters. Some Chinese, Malaysians and Singaporeans may have an anglicised given name, which

4488-466: Was Ilya), or as a last name as with Björk Guðmundsdóttir (whose father is named Guðmundur ) or Heiðar Helguson (whose mother was named Helga). Similar concepts are present in Eastern cultures. However, in some areas of the world, many people are known by a single name, and so are said to be mononymous . Still other cultures lack the concept of specific, fixed names designating people, either individually or collectively. Certain isolated tribes, such as

4556-603: Was recently re-introduced as an option in the Faroe Islands . It is legally possible in Finland as people of Icelandic ethnic naming are specifically named in the name law. When people of this name convert to standards of other cultures, the phrase is often condensed into one word, creating last names like Jacobsen (Jacob's Son). There is a range of personal naming systems: Different cultures have different conventions for personal names. When names are repeated across generations,

4624-532: Was used formerly to refer to the person who owned it, rather than the land itself (the word "Gloucester" in "What will Gloucester do?" meant the Duke of Gloucester ). As a development, the bare name of a ship in the Royal Navy meant its captain (e.g., "Cressy didn't learn from Aboukir") while the name with an article referred to the ship (e.g., "The Cressy is foundering"). A personal naming system, or anthroponymic system,

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