Art of Central Asia
62-459: Matthew Barney (born March 25, 1967) is an American contemporary artist and film director who works in the fields of sculpture, film, photography and drawing. His works explore connections among geography , biology , geology and mythology as well as notable themes of sex , intercourse , and conflict. His early pieces were sculptural installations combined with performance and video . Between 1994 and 2002, he created The Cremaster Cycle ,
124-479: A contemporary artist" and that they "are in it for all the wrong reasons." Some competitions, awards, and prizes in contemporary art are: This table lists art movements and styles by decade. It should not be assumed to be conclusive. Lance Mountain Robert Lance Mountain (born June 13, 1964) is an American professional skateboarder and artist who was one of the prominent skateboarders throughout
186-511: A distribution deal with Blitz Distribution. Following four videos and over a decade of existence, Mountain announced the end of The Firm on March 13, 2006. Following the demise of The Firm, several former team members were recruited by the Flip company—Mountain, Burnquist, and Teixeira (all three skateboarders appeared in the Flip full-length video Extremely Sorry (2009) ). As of March 2013, Mountain and Burnquist continue to be sponsored by Flip. As
248-469: A drawing, Drawing Restraint 1–6 (1987–89) were documentations made using video and photography. Drawing Restraint 7 marks the influx of narrative and characterization, resulting in a three channel video and a series of drawings and photographs, for which Barney was awarded the Aperto Prize in the 1993 Venice Biennale . A series of ten vitrines containing drawings, Drawing Restraint 8 was included in
310-711: A new two-hour film, Redoubt , in 2017, which premiered in March 2019. It is set in the Sawtooth Range of Idaho, United States, and uses multiple layers of myths, including the myth of Diana and Actaeon , as well as references to the controversial reintroduction of wolves into the Sawtooth Mountains and metallurgy , to discuss "humanity's place in the natural world". The Yale University Art Gallery debuted Redoubt on March 1, 2019, alongside an exhibition of large bronze and brass sculptures and electroplated engravings inspired by
372-413: A particular issue; galleries and critics are often reluctant to divide their work between the contemporary and non-contemporary. Sociologist Nathalie Heinich draws a distinction between modern and contemporary art, describing them as two different paradigms which partially overlap historically. She found that while " modern art " challenges the conventions of representation , "contemporary art" challenges
434-403: A permanent collection of contemporary art inevitably find this aging. Many use the formulation "Modern and Contemporary Art", which avoids this problem. Smaller commercial galleries, magazines and other sources may use stricter definitions, perhaps restricting the "contemporary" to work from 2000 onwards. Artists who are still productive after a long career, and ongoing art movements , may present
496-527: A series of five films described by Jonathan Jones in The Guardian as "one of the most imaginative and brilliant achievements in the history of avant-garde cinema." He is also known for his projects Drawing Restraint 9 (2005), River of Fundament (2014) and Redoubt (2018). Matthew Barney was born March 25, 1967, as the younger of two children in San Francisco, California , where he lived until he
558-571: A skateboard as a drawing tool. A block of graphite is mounted beneath the skateboard deck on the front end of the board. A skater performs a nose manual (a wheelie on the nose of the board, leaning in the direction of movement) across a smooth surface, tipping the nose of the board forward and leaving behind a drawn graphite line. The piece was part of a benefit art show and auction titled "Good Wood", raising awareness and funds for Power House Productions' Ride It Sculpture Park in Detroit, Michigan. The riding
620-488: A studio in Long Island City, Queens. Matthew Barney is represented by Gladstone Gallery. The Drawing Restraint series began in 1987 as a series of studio experiments, drawing upon an athletic model of development in which growth occurs only through restraint: the muscle encounters resistance, becomes engorged and is broken down, and in healing becomes stronger. In literally restraining the body while attempting to make
682-550: A team rider for Flip, Mountain is one of the professional skateboarders featured in Tony Hawk's Proving Ground , an appearance that marked Mountain's first appearance in the Tony Hawk series of video games. As of October 2012, Mountain is sponsored by Flip, Independent Trucks , Spitfire, Nike SB (announced on May 7, 2007), and Stüssy clothing. In Transworld SKATEboarding' s "30 Most Influential Skaters Of All Time" list, Mountain
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#1732851539685744-409: A vertical "u"-shaped ramp) and " freestyle " (a style of skateboarding that involves technical skateboarding on flat ground) parts; the segments depict Mountain as he skateboards throughout the streets of Los Angeles , US. In the early 1990s, the skateboard industry underwent a major transformation; the popularity of street-style skateboarding superseded that of vert skateboarding, thereby diminishing
806-543: Is "distinguished by the very lack of a uniform organizing principle, ideology, or - ism" that is seen in many other art periods and movements. Contemporary art does not have one, single objective or point of view, so it can be contradictory and open-ended. There are nonetheless several common themes that have appeared in contemporary works, such as identity politics , the body, globalization and migration, technology , contemporary society and culture, time and memory, and institutional and political critique. The functioning of
868-582: Is a dynamic combination of materials , methods, concepts, and subjects that continue the challenging of boundaries that was already well underway in the 20th century. Diverse and eclectic, contemporary art as a whole is distinguished by the very lack of a uniform, organising principle, ideology, or " -ism ". Contemporary art is part of a cultural dialogue that concerns larger contextual frameworks such as personal and cultural identity, family, community, and nationality. In English, modern and contemporary are synonyms , resulting in some conflation and confusion of
930-480: Is a legitimate and reasonable response to much contemporary art. Brian Ashbee in an essay called "Art Bollocks" criticizes "much installation art, photography, conceptual art , video and other practices generally called post-modern" as being too dependent on verbal explanations in the form of theoretical discourse. However, the acceptance of nontraditional art in museums has increased due to changing perspectives on what constitutes an art piece. A common concern since
992-603: Is a prolific artist and, as of March 2013, a catalog of his work is featured on the official Lance Mountain website, lancemountain.com . The catalog is divided into three sections: "Art Shows" (a collection of all of the art shows that Mountain has produced, with titles such as "Locals Only" and "Love & Guts"), "Art Owners" (displays photographic portraits of people who own pieces of Mountain's art), and "Random Stuff" (includes Mountain's work with items such as coffee tables, stencils, and oil paint). In 2011, Mountain and his son contributed pieces to an art exhibition that celebrated
1054-560: Is available to us but hardly necessary to our pleasure: meaning, that is, is no longer a necessary component to art production or reception. Left to its own devices-and it is all devices, Cremaster places us in a framework of mutually assured consumption, consuming us as we consume it." The philosopher Arthur C. Danto , well known for his work on aesthetics, has praised Barney's work, noting the importance of Barney's use of sign systems such as Masonic symbology. Others have asserted Barney's works are contemporary expressions of surrealism . In
1116-532: Is contemporary is naturally always on the move, anchored in the present with a start date that moves forward, and the works the Contemporary Art Society bought in 1910 could no longer be described as contemporary. Particular points that have been seen as marking a change in art styles include the end of World War II and the 1960s. There has perhaps been a lack of natural break points since the 1960s, and definitions of what constitutes "contemporary art" in
1178-511: Is exhibited by professional artists at commercial contemporary art galleries , by private collectors, art auctions , corporations, publicly funded arts organizations, contemporary art museums or by artists themselves in artist-run spaces . Contemporary artists are supported by grants, awards, and prizes as well as by direct sales of their work. Career artists train at art school or emerge from other fields. There are close relationships between publicly funded contemporary art organizations and
1240-417: Is simply beautiful." Contemporary art can sometimes seem at odds with a public that does not feel that art and its institutions share its values. In Britain, in the 1990s, contemporary art became a part of popular culture, with artists becoming stars, but this did not lead to a hoped-for "cultural utopia". Some critics like Julian Spalding and Donald Kuspit have suggested that skepticism, even rejection,
1302-631: The Barbara Gladstone Gallery was hailed by The New York Times as "an extraordinary first show". That same year, at the age of twenty-four, he had a solo exhibition at the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art. The Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen , Rotterdam, organized a solo exhibition of his work that toured Europe throughout 1995 and 1996. Barney was subsequently included in many international exhibitions, such as documenta 9 in Kassel (1992);
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#17328515396851364-581: The Manchester International Festival in England. REN took place on May 18, 2008, in Los Angeles . His October 2, 2010 performance, KHU , the second part in his seven-part performance series in collaboration with Jonathan Bepler inspired by Ancient Evenings , took place in Detroit. In June 2009, a collaboration between Barney and Elizabeth Peyton , titled Blood of Two , was performed for
1426-541: The Powell-Peralta team in the following year (1982). It was during his time with Powell-Peralta that he formed a strong friendship with Stacy Peralta , the team manager and director of the Bones Brigade video series—Mountain appears in eight Bones Brigade videos, including the well-known video The Search for Animal Chin (the final video was the 1991 production Eight ). Mountain gained further eminence when he won
1488-482: The Upland Turkey Shoot contest at Upland Skatepark in 1983, an event in which fellow team riders Steve Caballero , Mike McGill , and Tony Hawk also competed. This was followed by Mountain's 1984 appearance in skateboarding's first, full-length company video The Bones Brigade Video Show , in which Mountain filmed the segue segments for all of the "vert" (a style of skateboarding that involves skateboarding on
1550-489: The 1980s, primarily due to his involvement with the Bones Brigade . As of August 2017, Mountain continues to skate professionally and his sponsors include Flip , Nike SB , Indy , Spitfire , and Bones Bearings . Lance Mountain took first or second place in over a third of every amateur contest he participated in. Mountain's first skateboard deck sponsor was Variflex, a company that he joined in 1981; Mountain then moved to
1612-606: The 1993 and 1995 Biennial exhibitions at the Whitney Museum of American Art , New York; and Aperto ’93 at the 48th Venice Biennale , for which he was awarded the Europa 2000 Prize. For the season 2000/2001 in the Vienna State Opera, Barney designed a large scale picture (176 sqm) as part of the exhibition series "Safety Curtain", conceived by museum in progress . "Matthew Barney: The Cremaster Cycle", an exhibition of artwork from
1674-535: The 2003 Venice Biennale and prefigured the narrative development for Drawing Restraint 9 (2005). A major project consisting of a feature-length film and soundtrack composed by Björk, large-scale sculptures, photographs and drawings, Drawing Restraint 9 was built upon themes such as the Shinto religion, the tea ceremony, the history of whaling , and the supplantation of blubber with refined petroleum for oil. A full-scale survey of Barney's work through Drawing Restraint 9
1736-507: The 2010s vary, and are mostly imprecise. Art from the past 20 years is very likely to be included, and definitions often include art going back to about 1970; "the art of the late 20th and early 21st century"; "both an outgrowth and a rejection of modern art"; "Strictly speaking, the term 'contemporary art' refers to art made and produced by artists living today"; "Art from the 1960s or [19]70s up until this very minute"; and sometimes further, especially in museum contexts, as museums which form
1798-675: The Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles, in 2015–16. Barney's work has provoked strong critical reaction, both positive and negative. Barney's work has been compared to performance artists Chris Burden and Vito Acconci , and some critics have argued that Barney's art is simultaneously a critique and a celebration of commercialism and blockbuster filmmaking. Commenting on the Cremaster series' enigmatic nature, Alexandra Keller and Frazer Ward write: "Rather than reading Cremaster, we are encouraged to consume it as high-end eye candy, whose symbolic system
1860-648: The Museum of Old and New Art, Hobart, Tasmania and the Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles . "River of Fundament" was considered the largest filmic project since the Cremaster Cycle and first major museum solo exhibition in Los Angeles. In 2019, the Yale University Art Gallery exhibited "Matthew Barney: Redoubt," the first solo museum exhibition in the U.S. since the presentation of "River of Fundament" at
1922-758: The Present Must Be Transformed: Matthew Barney and Joseph Beuys " at Deutsche Guggenheim in Berlin (2006). In 2013, the Morgan Library & Museum mounted “Subliming Vessel: The Drawings of Matthew Barney”, the first museum retrospective devoted to the artist's drawings, later traveling to the Bibliothèque Nationale de France in Paris. In 2014, Barney exhibited "River of Fundament" at Haus der Kunst, Munich. The exhibition later traveled to
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1984-717: The United Nations and midtown Manhattan, counting down the days, hours, and minutes remaining in the U.S. president Donald Trump's first term. The Remains Board was initially illuminated during a durational performance of physical comedy by Josh Fadem. On inauguration day in 2021, at 12:00 p.m., Haela Hunt-Hendrix of Liturgy performed a guitar solo beneath the Remains Board as the clock began to approach 00:00:00. Following his inclusion in two group shows at Althea Viafora gallery in New York in 1990, Barney's solo debut in 1991 at
2046-490: The art world is dependent on art institutions, ranging from major museums to private galleries, non-profit spaces, art schools and publishers, and the practices of individual artists, curators, writers, collectors, and philanthropists. A major division in the art world is between the for-profit and non-profit sectors, although in recent years the boundaries between for-profit private and non-profit public institutions have become increasingly blurred. Most well-known contemporary art
2108-623: The commercial sector. For instance, in 2005 the book Understanding International Art Markets and Management reported that in Britain a handful of dealers represented the artists featured in leading publicly funded contemporary art museums. Commercial organizations include galleries and art fairs. Corporations have also integrated themselves into the contemporary art world , exhibiting contemporary art within their premises, organizing and sponsoring contemporary art awards, and building up extensive corporate collections. Corporate advertisers frequently use
2170-417: The cycle evolved over eight years, Barney looked beyond biology as a way to explore the creation of form, employing narrative models from other realms, such as biography, mythology, and geology. The photographs, drawings, and sculptures radiate outward from the narrative core of each film installment. Barney's photographs—framed in plastic and often arranged in diptychs and triptychs that distill moments from
2232-418: The early part of the 20th century has been the question of what constitutes art. In the contemporary period (1970 to now), the concept of avant-garde may come into play in determining what artworks are noticed by galleries, museums, and collectors. The concerns of contemporary art come in for criticism too. Andrea Rosen has said that some contemporary painters "have absolutely no idea of what it means to be
2294-1636: The entire cycle organized by the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum , premiered at the Museum Ludwig , Cologne, in June 2002 and subsequently traveled to the Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris and the Guggenheim Museum in New York. A large-scale exhibition of the entire “Drawing Restraint” series was organized by the 21st Century Museum for Contemporary Art, Kanazawa, in 2005 and traveled to Leeum, Samsung Museum of Art , Seoul; San Francisco Museum of Modern Art ; Serpentine Gallery , London; and Kunsthalle Wien , Vienna. Barney has also had major solo exhibitions organized by Astrup Fearnley Museum of Modern Art in Oslo (2003), Living Art Museum in Reykjavik (2003), Sammlung Goetz in Munich (2007), and Fondazione Merz in Turin (2008). His work has been included in major group exhibitions including "Moving Pictures" at Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in New York and Guggenheim Bilbao (2002), Venice Biennale (2003), "Quartet: Barney, Gober , Levine , Walker " at Walker Art Center in Minneapolis (2005), Biennial of Moving Images at Centre pour l’Image Contemporaine in Paris (2005), and "All in
2356-579: The film. The show traveled afterward to UCCA Beijing (2019-2020), then Hayward Gallery in London (2020- 2021). Barney has explored live performance before an audience. The pieces REN and Guardian of the Veil revisit the language of the Cremaster Cycle , via a ritualistic exploration of Egyptian symbolism inspired by Norman Mailer 's novel Ancient Evenings . Guardian of the Veil took place on July 12, 2007, at
2418-498: The gallery space, carrying the case and shark, accompanied by the onlookers and a herd of goats. At the Slaughterhouse, the case was opened, water poured out, and the drawings revealed. The shark was eventually cooked and fed to the guests. In June 2017, Barney, local art curator Brandon Stosuy, and other artists installed Remains Board on his studio in Long Island City. The board is a large seven-segment digital clock, visible from
2480-544: The life of Joe Strummer , the former band member of The Clash who died in 2002. Mountain also provided graphics for a Peralta-directed television movie named When Disaster Strikes . In July 2023, Mountain participated as a special guest artist in the Los Angeles art and music collective Surf Skate Roots Rock , reuniting with fellow skateboarding pioneers such as Tony Alva , Steve Olson , Lonnie Toft , etc. In June 2024, Mountain organized an art and memorabilia exhibition to coincide with his 60th birthday. The exhibition
2542-546: The music video for West's song " Famous ". Contemporary art Art of East Asia Art of South Asia Art of Southeast Asia Art of Europe Art of Africa Art of the Americas Art of Oceania Contemporary art is a term used to describe the art of today, generally referring to art produced from the 1970s onwards. Contemporary artists work in a globally influenced , culturally diverse , and technologically advancing world. Their art
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2604-522: The opening of the Deste Foundation 's exhibition space, the Slaughterhouse, located on the Greek island Hydra . The two-hour performance involved divers retrieving from a nearby cove a vitrine containing drawings which had been submerged for months. A funeral-like procession of fishermen carried the case up a winding set of stairs. At one point, a dead shark was laid on the case, and the fishermen proceeded to
2666-408: The photographs, drawings, sculptures, and installations the artist produces in conjunction with each episode. Its conceptual departure point is the male cremaster muscle , which controls testicular contractions in response to external stimuli. Barney's long-time collaborator Jonathan Bepler composed and arranged the films’ soundtracks. The project is rife with anatomical allusions to the position of
2728-505: The plot—often emulate classical portraiture. His graphite and petroleum jelly drawings represent key aspects of the project's conceptual framework. River of Fundament takes the form of a three-act opera and is loosely based on Norman Mailer ’s novel Ancient Evenings . In collaboration with composer Jonathan Bepler, Barney combines traditional modes of narrative cinema with filmed elements of performance, sculpture, and opera, reconstructing Mailer’s hypersexual story of Egyptian gods and
2790-554: The prestige associated with contemporary art and coolhunting to draw the attention of consumers to luxury goods . The institutions of art have been criticized for regulating what is designated as contemporary art. Outsider art , for instance, is literally contemporary art, in that it is produced in the present day. However, one critic has argued it is not considered so because the artists are self-taught and are thus assumed to be working outside of an art historical context. Craft activities, such as textile design, are also excluded from
2852-406: The realm of contemporary art, despite large audiences for exhibitions. Art critic Peter Timms has said that attention is drawn to the way that craft objects must subscribe to particular values in order to be admitted to the realm of contemporary art. "A ceramic object that is intended as a subversive comment on the nature of beauty is more likely to fit the definition of contemporary art than one that
2914-433: The reproductive organs during the embryonic process of sexual differentiation: Cremaster 1 represents the most "ascended" or undifferentiated state, Cremaster 5 the most "descended" or differentiated. The cycle repeatedly returns to those moments during early sexual development in which the outcome of the process is still unknown. In Barney's metaphoric universe, these moments represent a condition of pure potentiality . As
2976-538: The service of one man's intricate fantasy of return to the womb. Something lovely and exasperating is forever in formation there. Will he ever give birth?" "Barney is the real thing. When he brings his boundless imagination to a subject he goes down to its depths to create images and implant ideas that stay in your mind for ever" writes art historian Richard Dorment in The Daily Telegraph . Kanye West also admires Barney's work and credited him as an influence on
3038-675: The seven stages of reincarnation, alongside the rise and fall of the American car industry. Barney replaced the human body with the body of the 1967 Chrysler Imperial that was the central motif from his earlier film Cremaster 3 . The film’s central scene is an abstraction of Mailer’s wake, set in a replica of the late author’s apartment in Brooklyn Heights and featuring Maggie Gyllenhaal , Paul Giamatti , Elaine Stritch , Ellen Burstyn , Peter Donald Badalamenti II, Joan La Barbara , and jazz percussionist Milford Graves . Barney began producing
3100-405: The status of the Bones Brigade while the prominence of the next wave of skaters increased. In 1991, Mountain left Powell-Peralta to cofound his own skateboard company "The Firm" and, together with former Powell-Peralta teammate Ray Barbee , recruited a team of notable skateboarders that included Bob Burnquist and Rodrigo "Tx" Teixeira. Following the company's further development, The Firm signed
3162-520: The term were founded in the 1930s, such as in 1938 the Contemporary Art Society of Adelaide , Australia , and an increasing number after 1945. Many, like the Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston changed their names from ones using "modern art" in this period, as Modernism became defined as a historical art movement , and much "modern" art ceased to be "contemporary". The definition of what
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#17328515396853224-524: The terms modern art and contemporary art by non-specialists. The classification of "contemporary art" as a special type of art, rather than a general adjectival phrase, goes back to the beginnings of Modernism in the English-speaking world. In London , the Contemporary Art Society was founded in 1910 by the critic Roger Fry and others, as a private society for buying works of art to place in public museums. A number of other institutions using
3286-473: The university's Payne Whitney Gymnasium . In the 1990s, Barney moved to New York, where he worked as a catalog model , a career that helped him finance his early work as an artist. In 2002, Barney had a daughter with his then partner, the singer Björk , with whom he lived in a penthouse co-op in Brooklyn Heights. By September 2013, Barney and Björk were no longer a couple; Björk chronicled the breakup in her 2015 album Vulnicura . As of 2014, Barney maintained
3348-468: The very notion of an artwork . She regards Duchamp 's Fountain (which was made in the 1910s in the midst of the triumph of modern art) as the starting point of contemporary art, which gained momentum after World War II with Gutai 's performances, Yves Klein 's monochromes and Rauschenberg 's Erased de Kooning Drawing . Contemporary artwork is characterised by diversity: diversity of material, of form, of subject matter, and even time periods. It
3410-480: The words of Chris Chang, Barney's Cremaster films, though "completely arcane, hermetic and solipsistic ... nevertheless periodically provide some of the most enigmatically beautiful experimental film imagery you'll ever see." "Is Barney's work a new beginning for a new century?", asks Richard Lacayo, writing in Time . "It feels more like a very energetic longing for a beginning, in which all kinds of imagery have been put to
3472-647: Was 7. He lived in Boise, Idaho from 1973 to 1985, where his father got a job administering a catering service at Boise State University and where he attended elementary, middle, and high school. His parents divorced and his mother, an abstract painter, moved to New York City , where he would frequently visit. It was there where he was first introduced to the art scene. Barney was recruited by Yale University in 1985 to play football and planned to go into pre-med , but he also intended to study art. In 1989, he graduated from Yale. His earliest works, created at Yale, were staged at
3534-533: Was featured in a Transworld Skateboarding magazine article, as well as the Powell Peralta video, Future Primitive . The fingerboard was initially created as a fun do-it-yourself project, for which kitchen sinks were used to emulate pool riding, and has since evolved into a major toy category that has sold multiple millions of units (most prominently under the Tech Deck brand). Together with Caballero, Mountain
3596-803: Was held at the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art in 2006 and included over 150 objects of varying media. Drawing Restraint 10 – 16 (2005–07) are site-specific performances that recall the earlier Yale pieces. Drawing Restraint 17 and 18 were performed at the Schaulager in Basel in 2010 in conjunction with the exhibition "Prayer Sheet with the Wound and the Nail," a survey of the Drawing Restraint series through Drawing Restraint 18 . Drawing Restraint 19 employs
3658-564: Was performed on site by skateboarder Lance Mountain , documented by photographer Joe Brook and published by Juxtapoz Magazine in their February 2013 issue. The board was purchased by People Skate and Snowboard and it is displayed at their only location in Keego Harbor, Michigan . Matthew Barney's epic Cremaster cycle (1994–2002) is a self-enclosed aesthetic system consisting of five feature-length films that explore processes of creation. The cycle unfolds not just cinematically, but also through
3720-628: Was selected in the eighteenth position and Skin Phillips, the editor-in-chief of the magazine, commended Mountain for his ability to "put a smile" on the faces of skateboarders over four decades of professional skateboarding. At the time that the list was released in December 2011, Mountain stated in response: "I feel like I've influenced in the sense that if you want to do it, do it. If you don't want to do it, don't do it. But don't rely on what people are saying you can do or saying what you can't do." Mountain
3782-545: Was the co-designer of the Independent "Stage V" skateboard truck; Mountain is also the co-inventor, with Neil Blender , of the transitional skateboard maneuver the " Gay Twist ". Mountain's self-identified faith is Christianity , and he has been married to Yvette Loveless since November 31, 1984. The couple are parents to a son, Lance, Jr. All contest results are covered in Thrasher Magazine and can be checked at
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#17328515396853844-425: Was titled "Everything Must Go" and was held in Los Angeles, California. Skateboard equipment, photographs, paintings and other works produced or accumulated over the course of Mountain's career were featured. Mountain is often cited as one of the inventors of the fingerboard , as he fashioned the prototype out of cardboard, pencil erasers, and a disassembled Hot Wheels toy in the late 1970s. Mountain's invention
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