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109-470: Matanog was established by virtue of Presidential Decree No. 780 , signed by President Ferdinand Marcos on August 25, 1975, when six barangays of Parang in what was then Maguindanao were separated. The seat of government was designated at Barangay Langkong. Matanog is among the municipalities inhabited mainly by the Iranun people , along with Buldon and Barira ; much parts of these had constituted

218-404: A nuisance candidate , and three petitions aimed to disqualify him. Most of the petitions were based on Marcos's 1995 conviction for failing to file tax returns . Three disqualification petitions were consolidated and raffled to the commission's first division, while three other petitions were handed to the second division. The final petition was also handed to the first division. Marcos dismissed

327-841: A secret family bank account with Credit Suisse in Switzerland, an act which eventually led to the Swiss government freezing the Marcoses' bank accounts in late March that year. The Marcoses initially stayed at Hickam Air Force Base at the expense of the U.S. government. A month after arriving in Honolulu , they moved into a pair of residences in Makiki Heights , Honolulu, which were registered to Marcos cronies Antonio Floirendo and Bienvenido and Gliceria Tantoco. Ferdinand Marcos eventually died in exile three years later, in 1989, with Marcos Jr. being

436-447: A bachelor of arts in PPE, he did not obtain such a degree. Marcos had passed philosophy, but failed economics, and failed politics twice, thus making him ineligible for a degree. Instead, he received a special diploma in social studies, which was awarded mainly to non-graduates and is currently no longer offered by the university. Marcos still falsely claims that he obtained a degree from

545-698: A civil war, the Reagan administration withdrew its support for the Marcos government, and flew Marcos and a party of about 80 individuals – the extended Marcos family and a number of close associates – from the Philippines to Hawaii despite Ferdinand Marcos's objections. Bongbong Marcos and his family were on the flight with his parents. Soon after arriving in Hawaii, the younger Marcos participated in an attempt to withdraw US$ 200   million ( ₱9,849,999,999.96 in 2024) from

654-591: A likewise revolutionary constitution . Consequently, this government is today officially considered to be the proper "first republic" and is also called the Malolos Republic , after its capital Malolos in Bulacan ; its congress (formally "National Assembly") and constitution are commonly known as the Malolos Congress and Malolos Constitution as well. Like all of its predecessors and would-be successors until

763-469: A mark of cultural respect. The Constitution provides the following oath or affirmation for the president and vice president-elect which must be taken before they enter into office: "I, (name), do solemnly swear [or affirm], that I will faithfully and conscientiously fulfill my duties as President [or Vice-President or Acting President] of the Philippines. Preserve and defend its Constitution, execute its laws, do justice to every man, and consecrate myself to

872-560: A national Tagalog Republic, and Malvar continued the Philippine Republic which was the culmination of several governments headed by Emilio Aguinaldo that superseded Bonifacio's, Malvar taking over after Aguinaldo's capture. Nevertheless, there are still calls, including from a descendant of Bonifacio, to let Bonifacio be recognized by the current government as the first Philippine president. In 1993, historians Milagros Guerrero, Emmanuel Encarnacion and Ramon Villegas petitioned before

981-502: A political office came with his election as Vice Governor of Ilocos Norte (1980–1983) at the age of 22. On March 23, 1983, he was installed as the Governor of Ilocos Norte , replacing his aunt Elizabeth Marcos-Keon, who had resigned from the post for health reasons. In 1983, he led a group of young Filipino leaders on a 10-day diplomatic mission to China to mark the tenth anniversary of Philippine–Chinese relations . He stayed in office until

1090-595: Is considered to be the 16th president. While the government may consider Aguinaldo as the first president, the First Republic fell under the United States' jurisdiction due to the 1898 Treaty of Paris which ended the Spanish–American War ; the United States thus does not consider his tenure to have been legitimate. Manuel L. Quezon is considered to be the first president by the United States when they gave

1199-599: Is politically subdivided into 8 barangays . Each barangay consists of puroks while some have sitios . Poverty Incidence of Matanog Source: Philippine Statistics Authority The Gross Domestic Product of the Municipality (2022) is 9,128,700,000(PHP). President of the Philippines This is an accepted version of this page The president of the Philippines ( Filipino : pangulo ng Pilipinas , sometimes referred to as presidente ng Pilipinas )

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1308-568: Is the head of state , head of government and chief executive of the Philippines . The president leads the executive branch of the Philippine government and is the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of the Philippines . The president is directly elected by the citizens of the Philippines and is one of only two nationally elected executive officials, the other being the vice president of

1417-498: The Bisayan languages , presidente is more common when Filipinos are not actually code-switching with the English word. The honorific for the president is "Your Excellency" or "His/Her Excellency." During his tenure, President Rodrigo Duterte broke precedent by not using the honorific, opting to drop the title in all official communications, events or materials. The term "President of

1526-748: The Camp Abubakar , the main camp of the Moro National Liberation Front (MILF) since the 1980s. The local government units had held office either in Cotabato City or in Parang since the Marcos presidency , with the municipal halls in Matanog and Buldon being almost vacant. Narciso Ramos Highway (Parang– Malabang Road) , connecting the present-day provinces of Maguindanao del Norte and Lanao del Sur and

1635-554: The EDSA Revolution of 2001 that removed Joseph Estrada from office. The dress code at the modern inaugural ceremony is traditional, formal Filipino clothing, which is otherwise loosely termed Filipiniana . Ladies must wear baro't saya (the formal wear of other indigenous groups is permissible), while men don the barong tagalog . Non-Filipinos at the ceremony may wear their respective versions of formal dress, but foreign diplomats have often been seen donning Filipiniana as

1744-597: The Kilusang Bagong Lipunan party of his father, who was ruling the Philippines under martial law at the time. He then became Governor of Ilocos Norte in 1983, holding that office until his family was ousted from power by the People Power Revolution and fled into exile in Hawaii in February 1986. After the death of his father in 1989, President Corazon Aquino eventually allowed his family to return to

1853-599: The Kilusang Bagong Lipunan party, which is known for its support for the Marcos regime. In 1995 , Marcos ran for the Senate under the NPC-led coalition but lost, placing only 16th. In 1995, Bongbong Marcos pushed a deal to allow the Marcos family to keep a quarter of the estimated US$ 2 billion to US$ 10 billion ( ₱98,499,999,999.61 to ₱492,499,999,998.03 in 2024) that the Philippine government had still not recovered from them, on

1962-584: The Kilusang Bagong Lipunan . Marcos filed his certificate of candidacy before the Commission on Elections the following day. On November 16, Marcos announced his running mate to be Davao City mayor Sara Duterte , daughter of President Rodrigo Duterte . Under the campaign theme of unity, Marcos and Duterte's alliance was given the name " UniTeam ". Seven petitions were filed against Marcos's presidential bid. Three petitions aimed to cancel his certificate of candidacy (COC), one petition aimed to declare Marcos

2071-643: The Nacionalista Party from 2010 to 2016. Marcos unsuccessfully ran for vice president in the 2016 election , losing to Camarines Sur representative Leni Robredo by a difference of 263,473 votes; in response, Marcos filed an electoral protest at the Presidential Electoral Tribunal but his petition was unanimously dismissed after the pilot recount resulted in Robredo widening her lead by 15,093 additional votes. Marcos ran for President of

2180-849: The Office of the President . The president also exercises general supervision over local government units. The president has the power to give executive issuances , which are means to streamline the policy and programs of an administration. There are six issuances that the President may issue, as defined in the Administrative Code of 1987: executive orders, administrative orders, proclamations, memorandum orders, memorandum circulars, and general or special orders. The president has power to grant reprieves, commutations and pardons, and remit fines and forfeitures after conviction by final judgment, except in cases of impeachment. The president can grant amnesty with

2289-677: The People Power Revolution in 1986. During Marcos's term, at least two extrajudicial killings took place in Ilocos Norte, as documented by the Martial Law Victims Association of Ilocos Norte (MLVAIN). Marcos was appointed by his father to be chairman of the board of the Philippine Communications Satellite Corporation (PHILCOMSAT) in early 1985. In a prominent example of what Finance Minister Jaime Ongpin later branded " crony capitalism ",

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2398-534: The Presidential Commission on Good Government found that the three Marcos children benefited significantly from what the Supreme Court of the Philippines defined as "ill-gotten wealth" of the Marcos family. Aside from the tuition, US$ 10,000.00 ( ₱492,500 in 2024) monthly allowance, and the estates used by Marcos Jr. and Imee Marcos during their respective studies at Wharton and Princeton, each of

2507-730: The Priority Development Assistance Fund (PDAF) Pork Barrel scam through agent Catherine Mae "Maya" Santos. He allegedly channeled ₱100   million through 4 fake NGOs linked with Napoles. Marcos claimed that the large amounts of money was released by the budget department without his knowledge and that his signatures were forged. In connection to the PDAF scam, Marcos was also sued for plunder by iBalik ang Bilyones ng Mamamayan (iBBM), an alliance of youth organizations. The group cited Luy's digital files, which showed bogus NGOs with shady or non-existent offices. In 2016, Marcos

2616-646: The Tejeros Convention in Tejeros, Cavite . The new government was meant to replace the Katipunan . It variously called itself the "Philippine Republic" (Spanish: Republica Filipina ), "Republic of the Philippines" (Spanish: Republica de Filipinas ) and "Government of All Tagalogs" or "Government of the Whole Tagalog Nation/People" (Filipino: Pamahalaan ng Sangkatagalugan ). Months later, Aguinaldo

2725-609: The Treaty of Paris of 1898 , signed in December of that year. The Philippine–American War broke out between the United States and Aguinaldo's government. His government effectively ceased to exist on April 1, 1901, after he pledged allegiance to the United States following his capture by U.S. forces in March. The current government of the Republic of the Philippines considers Emilio Aguinaldo to be

2834-710: The United States Navy sailed for the Philippines. At the Battle of Manila Bay on May 1, 1898, the American Navy decisively defeated the Spanish Navy . Aguinaldo subsequently returned to the Philippines aboard a U.S. Navy vessel and renewed the revolution. He formed a dictatorial government on May 24, 1898, and issued the Philippine Declaration of Independence on June 12, 1898. During this brief period he took

2943-503: The University of Oxford . In 2024, Time magazine listed him as one of the world's 100 most influential people . Bongbong Marcos was born as Ferdinand Romualdez Marcos Jr. on September 13, 1957, at Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital in Santa Mesa , Manila , Philippines, to Ferdinand Marcos and Imelda Marcos . At the time of his birth, his father Ferdinand was the representative for

3052-477: The military's Operation Dominance from April 29 to June 3, MILF installations in eight barangays were captured; 63 soldiers and some 424 rebels were killed. The recovery of the municipality following the war of 2000 became difficult due to political rivalry that caused rido between the two factions, Imam and Macapeges–Lidasan clans, one of the region's well-known disputes. The feud began when Nasser Imam defeated incumbent mayor Kahir Macapeges in 2001 , with

3161-632: The second district of Ilocos Norte , eventually becoming a senator just two years later. His godfathers included prominent personalities and future Marcos cronies Eduardo "Danding" Cojuangco Jr. and pharmaceuticals magnate Jose Yao Campos . Marcos first studied at the Institución Teresiana in Quezon City and La Salle Green Hills in Mandaluyong , where he obtained his kindergarten and elementary education, respectively. In 1970, Marcos

3270-447: The vice president takes the oath first, a little before noon for two reasons. First, according to protocol, no one follows the president (who is last due to his supremacy), and second, to establish a constitutionally valid successor before the president-elect accedes. During Quezon 's inauguration, however, the vice president and legislature were sworn in after the president, to symbolize a new start. Custom has enshrined three places as

3379-416: The "freedom constitution" that initially replaced the 1973 Constitution. This provisional constitution was done as Aquino was installed as president through revolutionary means. Proclamation No. 3 abrogated many of the provisions of the then 1973 Constitution, including the provisions associated with the Marcos regime, which gave the president legislative powers, as well as the unicameral legislature called

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3488-518: The 15th Congress. One of them was enacted into law: Senate Bill No. 1186, which sought the postponement of the 2013 Sangguniang Kabataan (SK) elections , was enacted as Republic Act No. 10632 on October 3, 2013. Marcos also co-authored 4 Senate bills in the 16th Congress. One of them, Senate Bill No. 712 which was principally authored by Ralph Recto , was enacted as Republic Act No. 10645, the Expanded Senior Citizens Act of 2010. He

3597-509: The 1898 Declaration of Independence). The president of the Philippines , being the chief executive, serves as both the head of state and head of government of the Philippines . The constitution vests the executive power with the president who consequently heads the government's executive branch, including the Cabinet and all executive departments . There are also government agencies that report to no specific department but are instead under

3706-478: The 1935 Commonwealth of the Philippines , the First Philippine Republic was short-lived and never internationally recognized , and never controlled or was universally recognized by the entire area covered by the current republic, though it (and they) claimed to represent and govern the entire Philippine archipelago and all its people. The Philippines was transferred from Spanish to American control by

3815-419: The 1986 People Power Revolution , Bongbong Marcos, in combat fatigues to project his warlike stance, pushed his father Ferdinand Marcos to give the order to his remaining troops to attack and blow up Camp Crame despite the presence of hundreds of thousands of civilians there. The elder Marcos did not follow his son's urgings. Fearful of a scenario in which Marcos's presence in the Philippines would lead to

3924-734: The Anti-Drunk and Drugged Driving Act whose principal author was Senator Vicente Sotto III ; the Cybercrime Prevention Act whose principal author was Senator Edgardo Angara ; and the Expanded Anti-Trafficking in Persons and the National Health Insurance Acts, both of which were principally authored by Senator Loren Legarda . In the 16th Congress (2013–2016) , Marcos filed 52 bills, of which 28 were refiled from

4033-534: The Batasang Pambansa (literally National Legislature in Filipino). The proclamation retained only parts of the 1973 Constitution that were essential for a return to democratic rule, such as the bill of rights. This constitution was superseded on February 2, 1987, by the present constitution. Both Bonifacio and Aguinaldo might be considered to have been an inaugural president of an insurgent government. Quezon

4142-467: The Beatles to show up. The four band members claimed not to know about the event, and refused to attend. As the event went on without them, the Marcos children were interviewed. Bongbong, referring to the group's long hair, was quoted saying "I'd like to pounce on the Beatles and cut off their hair! Don't anybody dare me to do anything, because I'll do it, just to see how game the Beatles are." Imee, meantime,

4251-466: The Marcos administration had sold its majority shares to Marcos cronies such as Roberto S. Benedicto , Manuel H. Nieto , Jose Yao Campos , and Rolando Gapud in 1982, despite being very profitable because of its role as the sole agent for the Philippines' link to global satellite network Intelsat. President Marcos acquired a 39.9% share in the company through front companies under Campos and Gapud. This allowed President Marcos to appoint his son as

4360-462: The Marcos administration. Imee was already thirty when she was appointed as the national head of the Kabataang Barangay in the late 1970s, and Marcos Jr. was in his twenties when he took up the vice-gubernatorial post for the province of Ilocos Norte in 1980, and then became governor of that province from 1983 until the Marcos family was ousted from Malacañang in 1986. During the last days of

4469-505: The Marcos brand and smearing his rivals. His campaign has also been accused of whitewashing the human rights abuses and plunder , estimated at 5 to 13 billion dollars, that took place during his father's presidency. The Washington Post has noted how the historical distortionism of the Marcoses has been underway since the 2000s, while The New York Times cited his convictions of tax fraud , including his refusal to pay his family's estate taxes, and misrepresentation of his education at

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4578-753: The Marcos children was assigned a mansion in the Metro Manila area, as well as in Baguio , the Philippines' designated summer capital. Properties specifically said to have been given to Marcos Jr. included the Wigwam House compound on Outlook Drive in Baguio and the Seaside Mansion Compound in Parañaque . In addition, by the time their father was ousted from power in 1986, both Marcos Jr. and Imee held key posts in

4687-674: The National Historical Institute (now the National Historical Commission of the Philippines ) to recognize Bonifacio as the first Philippine president but the institute turned down the petition and reasoned that Bonifacio was not even the Katipunan's first Supremo , but rather Deodato Arellano . In 2013, the Manila City Council passed a resolution persuading the national government to declare Bonifacio as

4796-612: The Philippine nation and people as the "Sovereign Tagalog Nation/People" or more precisely "Sovereign Nation of the Tagalog People" (Filipino: Haring Bayang Katagalugan ), in effect a synonym of "Tagalog Republic" or more precisely "Republic of the Tagalog Nation/People". According to Filipino historian Ambeth Ocampo , including Bonifacio as a past president would imply that Macario Sakay and Miguel Malvar should also be included, as Sakay continued Bonifacio's concept of

4905-513: The Philippines in the 2016 general election , stating "I have decided to run for vice president in the May 2016 elections." Marcos ran as an independent candidate. Prior to his announcement, he had declined an invitation by presidential candidate, Vice President Jejomar Binay , to become his running mate. On October 15, 2015, presidential candidate Miriam Defensor Santiago confirmed that Marcos would serve as her running mate. Marcos placed second in

5014-535: The Philippines in the 2022 election under the Partido Federal ng Pilipinas , which he won by a landslide with nearly 59% of the vote. His win was the largest since 1981 , when his father won 88% of the votes due to a boycott by the opposition who protested the prior election. Marcos's presidential campaign received criticism from fact-checkers and disinformation scholars, who found his campaign to be driven by historical negationism aimed at revamping

5123-439: The Philippines on October 5, 2021, through a video post on Facebook and YouTube. An interview with his wife Liza Marcos revealed that he decided to run for president while watching the film Ant-Man , though Marcos admitted that he could not recall this moment. He ran under the banner of the Partido Federal ng Pilipinas party, assuming chairmanship of the party on the same day, while also being endorsed by his former party,

5232-459: The Philippines . However, four vice presidents have assumed the presidency without having been elected to the office, by virtue of a president's intra-term death or resignation. Filipinos generally refer to their president as pangulo or presidente in their local language. The president is limited to a single six-year term. No one who has served more than four years of a presidential term is allowed to run or serve again. The current president of

5341-505: The Philippines in 1965, when he was eight years old. During his father's 1965 campaign, Marcos played himself in the Sampaguita Pictures film Iginuhit ng Tadhana: The Ferdinand E. Marcos Story , a biopic based on the novel For Every Tear a Victory . The young Marcos was portrayed giving a speech towards the end of the film, in which he says that he would like to be a politician when he grows up. The public relations value of

5450-528: The Philippines in 1991, Marcos ran for and was elected representative of the second district of Ilocos Norte to the Philippine House of Representatives (1992–1995). When his mother, Imelda Marcos, ran for president in the same election, he decided against supporting her candidacy, and instead expressed support for his godfather Danding Cojuangco. During his term, Marcos was the author of 29 House bills and co-author of 90 more, which includes those that paved

5559-724: The Philippines independence through the Tydings–McDuffie Act . He is also the first to win a popular election and a nationwide election. During the Second World War , the Philippines had two presidents heading two governments. One was Quezon and the Commonwealth government-in-exile in Washington, D.C. , and the other was Manila-based Laurel heading the Japanese-sponsored Second Republic. Notably, Laurel

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5668-404: The Philippines is Bongbong Marcos , who was sworn in on June 30, 2022, at the National Museum of Fine Arts (formerly the Legislative Building). The official title of the Philippine head of state and government is "President of the Philippines." The title in Filipino is Pangulo ( cognate of Malay penghulu "leader", "chieftain"). In the other major languages of the Philippines such as

5777-567: The Philippines to face various charges. Marcos and his mother, Imelda, are currently facing arrest in the United States for defying a court order to pay US$ 353 million ( ₱ 17,385,250,000 in 2024) in restitution to human rights abuse victims during his father's dictatorship . Marcos was elected as Representative of Ilocos Norte's 2nd congressional district from 1992 to 1995. He was elected Governor of Ilocos Norte again in 1998. After nine years, he returned to his previous position as Representative from 2007 to 2010, then became senator under

5886-428: The Republic Act No. 9502 (Universally Accessible Cheaper and Quality Medicines Act) which was enacted on 2009. Marcos made a second attempt for the Senate in 2010 . On November 20, 2009, the KBL forged an alliance with the Nacionalista Party (NP) between Marcos and NP chair Senator Manny Villar at the Laurel House in Mandaluyong . Marcos became a guest senatorial candidate of the NP through this alliance. Marcos

5995-467: The Republic of the Philippines" used under Japanese occupation of the Philippines distinguished the government of then-president José P. Laurel from the Commonwealth government-in-exile under President Manuel L. Quezon . The restoration of the Commonwealth in 1945 and the subsequent independence of the Philippines restored the title of "President of the Philippines" enacted in the 1935 constitution. The 1973 constitution, though generally referring to

6104-434: The Sovereign Nation/People" (Filipino: Pangulo ng Haring Bayan ). While the term Katipunan (and the title "Supreme President") remained, Bonifacio's government was also known as the Tagalog Republic (Spanish: República Tagala ; Filipino: Republika ng Katagalugan ), and the term haring bayan or haringbayan as an adaptation and synonym of "republic", from its Latin roots as res publica . Since Presidente Supremo

6213-446: The Supreme Assembly), or Pangulo ng Haring Bayan (President of the Sovereign Nation/People), as evidenced by his own writings. Although the word Tagalog refers to the Tagalog people , a specific ethno-linguistic group mostly in southern Luzon , Bonifacio used the term "Tagalog" in "Tagalog Republic" to denote all non-Spanish peoples of the Philippines in place of Filipinos , which had colonial origins, referring to his concept of

6322-418: The United States recognized the sovereignty of the Republic of the Philippines as a separate self-governing nation on July 4, 1946. On the same day, Manuel A. Roxas , the last president of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, became the first president of the independent Republic of the Philippines, also known as the Third Republic of the Philippines. A new Constitution ratified on January 17, 1973, under

6431-408: The United States to establish a government in exile in the United States. On August 17, 1945, two days after the Japanese surrendered to the Allies, Laurel officially dissolved the republic. The 1935 Constitution was restored after the Japanese surrender ended World War II, with Vice President Sergio Osmeña becoming president due to Quezon's death on August 1, 1944. It remained in effect after

6540-547: The University of Oxford despite Oxford confirming in 2015 that Marcos did not finish his degree. Marcos enrolled in the Masters in Business Administration program at the Wharton School of Business, University of Pennsylvania , in Philadelphia , United States, which he failed to complete. Marcos asserts that he withdrew from the program for his election as Vice Governor of Ilocos Norte in 1980. The Presidential Commission on Good Government later reported that his tuition, his US$ 10,000 ( ₱492,500 in 2024) monthly allowance, and

6649-423: The board of canvassers of each province or city, shall be transmitted to Congress, directed to the president of the Senate. Upon receipt of the certificates of canvass, the president of the Senate shall open all the certificates in the presence of a joint public session of Congress not later than 30 days after election day. Congress then canvasses the votes upon determining that the polls are authentic and were done in

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6758-401: The chairman of the Philcomsat board in early 1985, allowing the young Marcos to draw a monthly salary "ranging from US$ 9,700 to US$ 97,000 " ( ₱477,725 to ₱4,777,250 in 2024) despite rarely visiting the office and having no duties there. PHILCOMSAT was one of five telecommunications firms sequestered by the Philippine government in 1986. After the Marcos family went into exile in 1986,

6867-442: The commonwealth according to Justice George A. Malcolm . Abad Santos was subsequently executed by the Imperial Japanese Army on May 2, 1942. On October 14, 1943, José P. Laurel became president under a constitution imposed by the Japanese occupation . Laurel, an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines , had been instructed to remain in Manila by President Quezon, who withdrew to Corregidor and then to

6976-437: The concurrence of the majority of all the members of the Congress . The president has authority to contract or guarantee foreign loans on behalf of the country but only with the prior concurrence of the Monetary Board and subject to such limitations as may be provided by law. The president has the authority to exercise the power of eminent domain . The president also has the power to direct escheat or reversion proceedings and

7085-418: The condition that all civil cases be dropped – a deal that was eventually struck down by the Philippines' Supreme Court. Having previously served as Ilocos Norte governor from 1983 to 1986, Marcos was again elected as governor of Ilocos Norte in 1998, running against his father's closest friend and ally, Roque Ablan Jr. He served for three consecutive terms ending in 2007. In 2007, Marcos ran unopposed for

7194-399: The congressional seat previously held by his older sister Imee . He was then appointed as deputy minority leader of the House of Representatives. During this term, Marcos supported the passage of the Philippine Archipelagic Baselines Law, or Republic Act No. 9522. He also wrote his own version of the law, but the bill only remained in the House Committee on Foreign Affairs. He also promoted

7303-417: The consent of the Commission on Appointments , the president also appoints the heads of the executive departments, board of members and its leaders from any national government-related institutions, ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, high-ranking officers of the armed forces, and other officials. The members of the Supreme Court and lower courts are also appointed by the president, but only from

7412-411: The election results being disputed. It worsened armed hostilities among political clans, especially in 2002; and left nine relatives and two others dead. In what would be the largest settlement, the families formally reconciled in Davao City on January 30, 2008. The town was part of the province of Shariff Kabunsuan from October 2006 until its nullification by the Supreme Court in July 2008. Matanog

7521-449: The estate he lived in while studying at Wharton, were paid using funds that could be traced partly to the intelligence funds of the Office of the President, and partly to some of the fifteen bank accounts that the Marcoses had secretly opened in the US under assumed names. Marcos was thrust into the national limelight as early as when he was three years old, and the scrutiny became even more intense when his father first ran for President of

7630-428: The film is credited for having helped the elder Marcos win the 1965 Philippine elections . A young Bongbong Marcos and his sister Imee played a small role in the controversial " Manila incident " of the Beatles in July 1966, just six months after their father assumed the presidency. Bongbong and Imee were among 400 children whom their mother Imelda brought to Malacañang Palace for a reception in which they expected

7739-518: The first president of the Philippines-based specifically on his presidency of the Malolos Republic, not any of his various prior governments. Miguel Malvar continued Aguinaldo's leadership of the Philippine Republic after the latter's capture until his own capture in 1902, while Macario Sakay revived the Tagalog Republic in 1902 as a continuing state of Bonifacio's Katipunan. They are both considered by some scholars as "unofficial presidents", and along with Bonifacio, are not recognized as presidents by

7848-589: The first president of the Tagalog Republic, attributing to all natives of the archipelago of the Philippines. A separate resolution was also signed in 2013 by the Philippine Historian Association urging then Philippine President Benigno Aquino III to recognize Bonifacio as the first Philippine president. In the same year, representatives of the Philippine House of Representatives passed a house resolution that sought to acknowledge Bonifacio as

7957-535: The first president. A similar house resolution was also filed in 2016. According to Marlon Cadiz of the NHCP, the agency is waiting for a thorough and clear study containing new evidence as well as explanations of experts regarding Bonifacio's status as the first president. In March 1897, during the Philippine Revolution against Spain, Emilio Aguinaldo was elected president of a new revolutionary government at

8066-511: The government. Between 1898 and 1935, executive power in the Philippines was exercised by a succession of four American military governors-general and eleven civil governors-general. In October 1935, Manuel L. Quezon was elected the first president of the Commonwealth of the Philippines , which had been established, still under United States sovereignty, under a constitution ratified on May 14 of that year. During its first five years,

8175-600: The inaugural holder of the office. Andrés Bonifacio could be considered the president of the tagalog provinces, while he was the third Supreme President (Spanish: Presidente Supremo ; Filipino : Kataas-taasang Pangulo ) of the Katipunan , a secret revolutionary society that started an open revolt against the Spanish colonial government in August 1896, he transformed the society into a revolutionary government with himself as "President of

8284-530: The incident. The incident was brought up in the media again after a 2021 interview between Marcos and Toni Gonzaga , when he was asked about which musicians he idolized, and he casually mentioned that he was friends with Mick Jagger of the Rolling Stones and members of the Beatles. Marcos was still a minor on the exact year that martial law was declared. Marcos turned 18 in 1975 —a year after he graduated from Worth School. Marcos's first formal role in

8393-739: The list of nominees prepared by the Judicial and Bar Council . Such appointments do not need the approval of the Commission on Appointments . As per Article 6, Section 1 of the Constitution, the power of lawmaking is vested in the bicameral Congress , which consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives . However, the president has some legislative power. The president has the power to veto any bill passed by Congress. Article 6, Section 27 requires that every legislation passed by Congress shall be presented to

8502-477: The manner provided by law. The person with the highest number of votes is declared the winner, but in case two or more have the highest number of votes, the president is elected by a majority of all members of Congress, with the Senate and the House of Representatives voting separately. The president of the Philippines usually takes the oath of office at noon of June 30 following the presidential election. Traditionally,

8611-641: The oath of office in Cebu City before Chief Justice Hilario Davide Jr. , and the next day held the first cabinet meeting in Butuan . She broke with precedent, reasoning that she wanted to celebrate her inauguration in each of the three main island groups of the Philippines: Luzon , Visayas , and Mindanao . Her first inauguration also broke precedent as she was sworn in at the EDSA Shrine on January 20, 2001, during

8720-459: The only family member present at his father's deathbed. After his father's death in 1989, President Corazon Aquino permitted the return of the remaining members of the Marcos family to the Philippines to face various charges. Bongbong Marcos was among the first to return to the Philippines. He arrived in the country in 1991 and soon sought political office, beginning in the family's traditional fiefdom in Ilocos Norte. After Marcos returned to

8829-523: The petitions as nuisance petitions with no legal basis and propaganda against him. On May 16 and 18, 2022, respectively, two of the petitions were filed at the Supreme Court. The consolidated petitions were dismissed by the Court on June 28. Marcos regularly maintained a wide lead in presidential surveys throughout the months leading up to the May 2022 election; he was the first presidential candidate in

8938-409: The power to reserve lands of the public and private domain of the government. However, there are two constitutional provisions that limit the exercise of such power: Article 3, Section 9 of the Constitution provides that no person shall be deprived of his/her life, liberty, or property without due process of law and that private property shall not be taken for public use without just compensation. With

9047-479: The presidency: Natural-born Filipinos are citizens of the Philippines from birth without having to perform any act to acquire or perfect their Philippine citizenship. Those whose fathers or mothers are citizens of the Philippines at the time of their birth and those born before January 17, 1973, of Filipino mothers, who elect Philippine citizenship upon reaching the age of majority are considered natural-born Filipinos. The Constitution also provides term limits where

9156-534: The president as "President of the Philippines", Article XVII, Section 12 once used the term, "President of the Republic." In the text of Proclamation No. 1081 that placed the country under martial law in September 1972, President Ferdinand Marcos consistently referred to himself as "President of the Philippines." Depending on the definition chosen for these terms, a number of persons could alternatively be considered

9265-521: The president could serve for a six-year term that cannot be renewed. It was later amended in 1940 to limit a president to serving no more than two four-year terms. When the administration of President Quezon exiled to the United States after the Philippines fell to the Empire of Japan in World War II , Quezon appointed Chief Justice José Abad Santos as his delegate, which in effect the acting president of

9374-451: The president is ineligible for reelection and a person who has succeeded as president and has served as such for more than four years will be ineligible to be elected for a second term. However, with the case of Joseph Estrada who was elected president in 1998 , deposed in 2001 , and again ran for the presidency in 2010 , the Constitution's wording where "[the] President shall not be eligible for any re-election" remains unclear as his case

9483-473: The president takes the oath of office, a 21-gun salute is fired to salute the new head of state, and the presidential anthem " We Say Mabuhay " is played. The president delivers his inaugural address, and then proceeds to Malacañang Palace to climb the Grand Staircase, a ritual which symbolizes the formal possession of the palace. The president then inducts the newly formed cabinet into office in one of

9592-407: The president, after which the president can either sign the bill into law within thirty days, veto the bill, or take no action within the timeframe, in which the bill will pass as if it had been signed. While Congress can override a presidential veto, it requires a two-thirds vote of both houses. The president can also veto any particular item or items in an appropriation, revenue, or tariff bill, but

9701-408: The reception, saying in a 1986 interview at NBC's Today Show that the Marcoses "tried to kill [them]." Harrison further said that their plane was not allowed to leave Manila until their manager, Brian Epstein , refunded the concert ticket money. The Manila Bulletin reported in 2015 that Marcos had once invited Beatles drummer Ringo Starr to return to the Philippines "to bring closure" to

9810-545: The rule of Ferdinand Marcos introduced a parliamentary-style government. Marcos instituted himself as prime minister while serving as president in 1978. Marcos later appointed César Virata as prime minister in 1981, although, he was only a figurehead as the government control was still with Marcos. The 1973 Constitution was in effect until the People Power Revolution of 1986 toppled Marcos's 21-year authoritarian regime and replaced him with Corazon C. Aquino . On March 25, 1986, Aquino issued Proclamation No. 3, s. 1986 or

9919-806: The service of the Nation. So help me God." [In case of affirmation, last sentence will be omitted.] The Filipino text of the oath used for the inaugurations of Fidel V. Ramos , Joseph Estrada , Benigno Aquino III , and Bongbong Marcos reads: "Ako si (pangalan), ay taimtim kong pinanunumpaan (o pinatototohanan) na tutuparin ko nang buong katapatan at sigasig ang aking mga tungkulin bilang Pangulo (o Pangalawang Pangulo o Nanunungkulang Pangulo) ng Pilipinas, pangangalagaan at ipagtatanggol ang kanyang Konstitusyon, ipatutupad ang mga batas nito, magiging makatarungan sa bawat tao, at itatalaga ang aking sarili sa paglilingkod sa Bansa. Kasihan nawa ako ng Diyos." (Kapag pagpapatotoo, ang huling pangungusap ay kakaltasin.) As soon as

10028-610: The state rooms. Bongbong Marcos Ferdinand " Bongbong " Romualdez Marcos Jr. ( UK : / ˈ m ɑːr k ɒ s / , US : /- k oʊ s , - k ɔː s / , Tagalog: [ˈmaɾkɔs] ; born September 13, 1957), commonly referred to by the initials PBBM or BBM , is a Filipino politician who is the 17th and current president of the Philippines . He is the second child and only son of 10th president, kleptocrat and dictator Ferdinand Marcos and former first lady Imelda Marcos . In 1980, Marcos became Vice Governor of Ilocos Norte , running unopposed with

10137-801: The tightly contested vice presidential race losing to Camarines Sur 3rd district Representative Leni Robredo , who won by a margin of 263,473 votes, one of the closest since Fernando Lopez 's victory in the 1965 vice presidential election. Marcos challenged the results of the election, lodging an electoral protest against Leni Robredo on June 29, 2016, the day before Robredo's oathtaking. President Rodrigo Duterte has stated several times that he would resign if Marcos would be his successor instead of Vice President Leni Robredo. A recount began in April 2018, covering polling precincts in Iloilo and Camarines Sur, which were areas handpicked by Marcos's camp. In October 2019,

10246-465: The title "Dictator" and the Declaration of Independence refers to him as such. On June 23, 1898, Aguinaldo transformed his dictatorial government into a revolutionary government and became known as "President" again. On January 23, 1899, Aguinaldo was then elected president of the " Philippine Republic " (Spanish: Republica Filipina ), a new government constituted by a revolutionary congress under

10355-640: The traditional venue for the inauguration ceremony: Barasoain Church in Malolos City , Bulacan ; in front of the old Legislative Building (now part of the National Museum ) in Manila; or at Quirino Grandstand , where most have been held. Some presidential have broken precedent, either due to extraordinary circumstances or In 2004, Gloria Macapagal Arroyo delivered her pre-inaugural address at Quirino Grandstand, took

10464-454: The tribunal found that Robredo's lead grew by around 15,000 votes – a total of 278,566 votes from Robredo's original lead of 263,473 votes – after a recount of ballots from the 5,415 clustered precincts in Marcos's identified pilot provinces. On February 16, 2021, the Presidential Electoral Tribunal (PET) unanimously dismissed Bongbong Marcos's electoral protest against Leni Robredo. Marcos officially launched his campaign for president of

10573-460: The veto shall not affect the item or items to which he does not object. By exerting their influence on Congress, the president can shape legislation and be involved in the legislative process. The State of the Nation Address also gives the president an opportunity to outline their priority legislative agenda. Article 7, Section 2 of the Constitution sets the following qualifications for holding

10682-526: The way for the creation of the Department of Energy and the National Youth Commission . He also allocated most of his Countryside Development Fund (CDF) to organizing the cooperatives of teachers and farmers in his home province. In October 1992, he led a group of ten representatives in attending the first sports summit in the Philippines, held in Baguio . In late 1994, he was made president of

10791-630: Was again elected president at Biak-na-Bato , Bulacan in November, leading a reorganized "Republic of the Philippines" (Spanish: Republica de Filipinas ), commonly known today as the Republic of Biak-na-Bato . Aguinaldo therefore signed the Pact of Biak-na-Bato and went into exile in Hong Kong at the end of 1897. In April 1898, the Spanish–American War broke out, and afterwards, the Asiatic Squadron of

10900-427: Was also sued for plunder for funneling ₱205   million of his PDAF via 9 special allotment release orders (SARO) to the following bogus foundations from October 2011 to January 2013, according to Luy's digital files: These NGOs were found by the Commission on Audit (COA) as bogus with shady or non-existent offices. On October 5, 2015, Marcos announced via his website that he would run for Vice President of

11009-476: Was completed on April 15, 1996, was later extended to Langkong junction which became the access road leading to the rebel camp. Matanog was among those municipalities where series of battles occurred , leading to the camp's fall in 2000. Part of the Narciso Ramos Highway in the municipality was heavily fortified; as being the gateway to the camp, became easy for government armor assets to access. During

11118-465: Was himself instructed to remain in Manila by President Quezon. Laurel and Aguinaldo were not formally recognized as Philippine presidents until Diosdado Macapagal's administration. Their inclusion in the official list coincided with the transfer of the official date of Independence Day from July 4 (the anniversary of the Philippines' independence from the United States) to June 12 (the anniversary of

11227-689: Was later removed as a member by the KBL National Executive Committee on November 23, 2009. As such, the NP broke its alliance with the KBL due to internal conflicts within the party, however Marcos remained part of the NP senatorial lineup. He was proclaimed as one of the winning senatorial candidates of the 2010 senate elections . He took office on June 30, 2010. In the 15th Congress (2010–2013) , Marcos authored 34 Senate bills. He also co-authored 17 bills of which seven were enacted into law – most notably

11336-413: Was never brought to the Supreme Court. It remains unclear whether the term limit of no re-election applies only to the incumbent president or for any person who has been elected as president. The president is elected by direct vote every six years, usually on the second Monday of May. The latest election was held in 2022 . The returns of every election for president and vice president, duly certified by

11445-483: Was quoted saying "There is only one song I like from the Beatles, and it's Run for Your Life." —a quote which media later associated with the way the Beatles scrambled out of Manila, receiving rough treatment at the Manila International Airport. Beatles lead guitarist George Harrison later accused the Marcoses of inciting Filipinos to mob the band as they tried to leave the country for not showing up at

11554-618: Was sent to England where he lived and studied at Worth School , an all-boys Benedictine institution in West Sussex . He was studying there when his father declared martial law throughout the Philippines in 1972. Marcos attended the Center for Research and Communication , where he took a special diploma course in economics, but did not finish. He then enrolled at St Edmund Hall, Oxford to study philosophy, politics and economics (PPE). However, despite his false claims that he graduated with

11663-476: Was shortened to Supremo in contemporary historical accounts of other people, he thus became known by that title alone in traditional Philippine historiography, which by itself was thus understood to mean "Supreme Leader" in contrast to the later "Presidents". However, as noted by Filipino historian Xiao Chua , Bonifacio did not refer himself as Supremo but rather as Kataas-taasang Pangulo (Supreme President), Pangulo ng Kataas-taasang Kapulungan (President of

11772-626: Was the chair of the Senate committees on urban planning, housing and resettlement, local government, and public works. He also chaired the oversight committee on the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) Organic Act, the congressional oversight panel on the Special Purpose Vehicle Act, and a select oversight committee on barangay affairs. In 2014, Bongbong Marcos was implicated by Janet Lim Napoles and Benhur Luy in

11881-416: Was the inaugural president of a predecessor state to the current one, while Roxas was the first president of an independent Philippines. The government considers Aguinaldo to have been the first president of the Philippines, followed by Quezon and his successors. Despite the differences in constitutions and government, the line of presidents is considered to be continuous. For instance, Rodrigo Duterte,

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