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40-532: Colonial Maryland had a unique relationship to Christianity. The Calvert family established Maryland as a safe-haven for Catholic refugees from Europe and insisted on the need for the Maryland Toleration Act . Enacted in 1641, the act protected the Catholics from prosecution. But as the century went on, Puritan immigration displaced the Catholics and turned Maryland overwhelmingly Protestant . From 1644 to

80-573: A granite pedestal of Cecil, 2nd Lord Baltimore (1605–1675), is located on the steps of the western end at the St. Paul Street entrance of the Baltimore City Circuit Court House , the third courts structure on the nearby colonial-era Courthouse Square site (located to the east along North Calvert Street ), constructed 1896–1900 (now renamed the Clarence M. Mitchell Jr. Courthouse since 1985 for

120-596: A noted local and Civil Rights Movement leader, Clarence M. Mitchell Jr. [1911–1984], known as "The 101st Senator") in Baltimore, Maryland . The statue of Cecil, Lord Baltimore, sponsored by the Society of Colonial Wars in the State of Maryland , was dedicated November 21, 1908, and now faces a fountain and tree-shaded small plaza/park across the street, developed/laid out in 1964, between East Fayette and East Lexington Streets. Before

160-454: A witch by a Maryland court. On April 29, 1686, Hannah Edwards was brought to the court in St. Mary's County. Her husband Richard Edwards, a planter, had died prior making her a widow. Starting February 6, 1685, Hannah was accused of using witchcraft, enchantments, and charms, against Ruth Hutchinson. It was claimed Ruth was consumed, and pined for by Hannah. Edwards was indicted and pled not guilty. She

200-487: A witch three weeks prior to arriving. Word of her being a witch spread through the colony, resulting in various civil suits of slander. In 1657, another woman on a ship bound for the colonies was executed as a witch. Her name was Elizabeth Richardson, and her death would go on to result in lawsuit brought forth by John Washington , great-grandfather of George Washington, against Captain Edward Prescott for her death. In

240-619: A witch." On another evening John Killey, a 25-year-old, claimed that at the house of Phillip Hide, Richard asked Peter to prove his wife was a witch again. The conflict escalated and a case of slander was brought to the Provincial Court on October 16, 1654. It was determined that Peter Godson and his wife had defamed Richard Manship's wife in saying she was a witch in addition to other slanderous speech against her. Speaker Richard Preston required Peter Godson and his wife apologize, and were ordered to pay damages. In October 1665, Elizabeth Bennett

280-596: Is and has been such a thing as Witchcraft; but at the same time can give no credit to any particular instance of it. In 1810, Chancellor William Kilty gave a report to the General Assembly , he was convinced that the statute of James I had been in use in the province. The earliest surviving documentation of witchcraft in the colony of Maryland dates back to the June 23, 1654 depositions of Captain John Bosworth, captain of

320-591: Is in the upper corner of the banner over the black and gold (yellow) chevrons depicted on the Calvert family's shield and coats-of-arms . Today, this historical colonial/provincial flag is often displayed throughout the state, especially at historical, heritage and festival events such as for the French and Indian War era, (1754–1763) at colonial Fort Frederick in Washington County in the mountainous western panhandle of

360-536: Is the namesake of Anne Arundel County , Maryland. Harford County is named for Henry Harford (1758/1760–1835), the illegitimate son of Frederick, 6th and last Baron Baltimore (1731–1771). Leonardtown, Maryland , now county seat of St. Mary's , is named for the younger brother of the Cecil, 2nd Lord Baltimore, the 28-year-old Leonard Calvert (1606–1647), who arrived in the Colonial settling expedition of 1634 and set up

400-629: The American Revolution , a common flag used by military units of the colonial militia of the Province of Maryland was known as the Calvert Arms Flag . This flag had the original Union Jack from the Acts of Union 1707 as a canton in the upper corner, with a St. George's Cross and a St. Andrew's Cross to represent the patron saint of England and Scotland , respectively. This Union Jack canton

440-741: The Proprietor , was made Governor, and Philip was appointed Deputy-Lieutenant and Councillor of the Province. After this, he negotiated a treaty with the Dutch in which they agreed to abandon the disputed territory on the Delaware River . He was one of a committee which negotiated a treaty with the Indians, and of another commission which settled with the Virginia authorities a boundary line between Maryland and Virginia along

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480-569: The Salem witch trials in 1692, were the first executions in the United States for witchcraft in the 17th century. The documented history of witchcraft in Maryland dates back to June 1654. The ship 'Charity of London', arrived to St. Mary's City where the death of passenger Mary Lee was reported to the officials. Through testimonies held on June 23, 1654, it is revealed that Mary Lee was executed for being

520-671: The 'Charity of London', Henry Corbyn, a young merchant from London, and Francis Darby, a gentleman who was a passenger on the ship. In front of William Stone they detailed the ship's departure from Europe for St. Mary's City, Maryland , and described Mary Lee's conviction of witchcraft and execution. While at sea, a rumor spread amongst the sailors that passenger Mary Lee was a witch. Captain Bosworth initially refused to try Mary Lee, but eventually relented. Bosworth expressed interest in dropping her off in Bermuda , but cross winds prevented it. Mary Lee

560-625: The 1670s, a series of religious conflicts in the colony eventually lead to the Protestant Revolution , and as a result Catholicism was made illegal in the province, and Puritans took control of the Maryland government. This provides some additional context to the political system in the province as the witch trials progressed. Along with the Maryland Witch Trials, the Connecticut Witch Trials which had started in 1647, and

600-854: The Barons Baltimore ("Lords Baltimore"), including Baltimore County , Baltimore City , Calvert County , Cecil County , Charles County , Frederick County , Leonardtown , St. Leonard , and Calvert Cliffs . There are also Charles Street and Calvert Street in Baltimore . Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore is the namesake of Cecil County, Maryland , Cecil Avenue, Cecil Elementary School and Calvert Street in Baltimore , along with another Calvert Street (alley) in Brooklyn (a South Baltimore city neighbourhood bordering suburban Anne Arundel County ) and Calvert Street in Washington, D.C. His wife, Anne Arundell,

640-457: The British in 1681. Word of Mary Lee's execution spread through the colony, as proof of witches in Maryland. At Peter Godson's plantation, Richard Manship confronted Peter and his wife about rumors they had been spreading claiming Richard Manship's wife was a witch. Richard demanded Peter support his claims that Mrs. Manship was a witch. Peter claimed Mrs. Manship in a "jesting way said, they Say I am

680-761: The Lords Baltimore had a seat, if they wished to take it up, in the medieval-founded Irish House of Lords (upper chamber of the Parliament of Ireland in , which was abolished in 1801 when the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1801–1922) came into being with the merger / takeover between the Kingdom of Great Britain and the British-dominated former Kingdom of Ireland . Irish peerages (titles of nobility) were usually awarded to major landowners likely to support

720-587: The backstory for the Blair Witch franchise's fictional Maryland witch 'Elly Kedward'. Calvert family Baron Baltimore , of Baltimore, County Longford , was a title in the Peerage of Ireland . It was created in 1625 and ended in 1771, upon the death of its sixth-generation male heir, aged 40. Holders of the title were usually known as Lord Baltimore for short. The title was granted in 1625 to Sir George Calvert (1580–1632), and it became extinct in 1771 on

760-410: The bodies of Phillip Calvert, Anne Wolsely Calvert, and the infant were found in lead coffins in a brick vault located in the ruins of a brick chapel in the "Chapel Field" in St. Mary's City, Maryland, the former colonial capital. Examination of these remains provided scientists and historians with significant insight regarding life in 17th century Maryland. DNA analysis in 2016 showed the male adult and

800-678: The body of Elizabeth Goodale, and sentenced to be hanged. He was saved by the intercession of the deputies and delegates of the Lower House of the General Assembly, who petitioned Charles Calvert , the Lieutenant General and the Chief Judge of the Provincial Court for clemency. The Upper House on February 17, 1674, granted the reprieve. On September 30, Rebecca Fowler was tried by the provincial court of St. Mary's County. The widowed Rebecca

840-472: The charges. On October 17, 1712, Virtue Violl was found not guilty, based on the testimonies of the witnesses. Legend says Moll Dyer was accused of being a witch, and was banished from Leonardtown, Maryland . She was later found dead, frozen to a rock in the forest. Due to fires in both St. Mary's County and Calvert County archives in 1831, no legal records exist verifying the story of Moll Dyer. The conviction and execution of Moll Dyer went on to be used for

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880-542: The death of Frederick, 6th Baron Baltimore . The title was held by six members/generations of the Calvert family, who were Lord proprietors of the palatinates Province of Avalon in Newfoundland and Maryland Palatinate (later the Province of Maryland and subsequent American State of Maryland ). A reference to "Lord Baltimore" is to any one of the six barons and most frequently in U.S. history to Cecil, 2nd Baron Baltimore (1600–1675, ruled 1632–1675), after whom

920-477: The death of Elizabeth Evelyn (née Mynne), a mid-17th century-built neighbouring fine house known as Woodcote Park . Its ownership in the family passed down to the heirs of the 6th Baron. His latter-day home in London itself was on Russell Square : the handsome mansion on the south-east side of the square, at the corner of Guilford Street, was built, in 1759, for the eccentric and profligate Lord Baltimore ... it

960-535: The fifth/sixth? provincial governor . Calvert came to Maryland on the first expedition under first colonial governor Leonard Calvert (1606–1647), younger brother of the second Lord Baltimore Cecilius Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore (1605–1675). In 1656, he was made secretary of the Province and one of its Councillors. After the treason and overthrow of Governor Fendall, Calvert became governor in 1660, and displayed clemency in pardoning Fendall. In 1661, Capt. Charles Calvert (1688–1734), illegitimate son of

1000-498: The infant have a father-son relationship, verifying the infant as a child of Phillip Calvert. The baby is assessed to have died about three months after his father, in the spring of 1683, judging by the pine and oak pollen in the coffin. [REDACTED]  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain :  Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). " Philip Calvert ". Catholic Encyclopedia . New York: Robert Appleton Company. This article about

1040-499: The later part of the 17th century criminal trials of witchcraft became more prevalent. In 1674, John Cowman marked the first judicial conviction of witchcraft by a Maryland court. Judicial witch trials lasted until 1712, when Virtue Violl was accused and found not-guilty. Historian Francis Neal Parke believed that the jury held a similar belief to that echoed by Joseph Addison in The Spectator from 1711. I believe in general that there

1080-704: The more powerful lower chamber of the House of Commons at Westminster . Irish peers ranged between people owning little or no property in Ireland to those having their main homes and large estates there. In the British Isles , the family's main home was a landscaped mansion and estate ("park") in the Home Counties . In 1705, the 4th Baron sold to the Crown a house and gardens (owned by virtue of his wife) known as Woodstock Park, which

1120-575: The port city of Baltimore, Maryland (1729/1797) and surrounding Baltimore County (1659) were named, which took place in his lifetime due to his family's holdings. His father Sir George had supported English colonization of the North American territories, and his younger brother, Leonard Calvert (1606–1647, ruled 1634–1647), traveled across the Atlantic Ocean to become the first colonial Governor of Maryland . As holders of an Irish peerage ,

1160-573: The provincial government in the new capital of St. Mary's City . The main downtown street in Cumberland, Maryland , is named Baltimore Street, along with Baltimore Avenue, the main north–south highway of commercial business along the Atlantic coast to the resort town of Ocean City . The Baltimore Road, which runs through the town of Bladensburg was made famous due to its role in the Battle of Bladensburg and

1200-431: The red/white trefoil cross botonee. Phillip Calvert (governor) Hon. Phillip Calvert (c. 1626 - c. December 22, 1682), also known as Hon. Philip Calvert , was the fifth Governor of Maryland during a brief period in 1660 or 1661. He was appointed by the royally chartered proprietor of Maryland, Charles Calvert, 3rd Baron Baltimore (1637–1715), as a caretaker to replace Lt. Gen Josias Fendall (1628–1682),

1240-487: The south shore of the Potomac River . He was son of George Calvert, first Lord Baltimore (1579–1632), and his second wife, Joane. Calvert was married to Anne Wolsely Calvert. She died in 1680. He remarried to Jane Sewell Calvert, the step-daughter of his nephew Charles Calvert, 3rd Baron Baltimore . In 1682, Jane gave birth to a child of unknown name and gender. Philip Calvert and the infant both died in 1682. In 1990,

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1280-668: The state. The modern flag of the State of Maryland still bears the Calvert-Crossland family / Lord Baltimore coats-of-arms and shield, and has been used since the 1880s with the four quarters reunited after the tragic splits in the border states of the American Civil War , with the Northern Union Army regiments using the black and gold chevrons and the Southern Confederate States Army units using

1320-769: The status quo of British / Protestant domination in Ireland , others involved in the various economic, social, and military campaigns in Ireland, such as the Plantations of Ireland , and finally also as a way of giving people in Great Britain the honour of a peerage which did not also grant a seat in the English, (later British), House of Lords , the upper chamber of the British Parliament in London , thereby excluding them from sitting in

1360-573: The subsequent " Burning of Washington " during the War of 1812 . On the Avalon Peninsula in the Province of Newfoundland and Labrador of the northeastern Dominion of Canada , there is a settlement named Calvert , and in nearby Ferryland there is a "Baltimore School". There are also several other towns and villages across North America in the several states with the name of "Baltimore", "New Baltimore" or "Old Baltimore". A life-sized bronze statue on

1400-466: Was accused of performing witchcraft at Mount Calvert Hundred among other places in Calvert County. She was accused of using magic to harm Francis Sandsbury, in addition to other residents. She was indicted , and pled not guilty. Attorney General Thomas Burford declared her guilty and sentenced her to hanging until death. She was hanged on October 9, 1685. Rebecca was the only person legally executed as

1440-545: Was at first called Baltimore House. Hither his lordship decoyed a young milliner, Sarah Woodcock, and was prosecuted for having caused her ruin, but acquitted. He died in 1771 at Naples, whence his remains were brought to London, and lay in state , as we have mentioned, at Exeter Change ... The house was subsequently occupied by the equally eccentric Duke of Bolton . The Lords Baltimore had notable early siblings and descendants: There are many locations in Maryland named after

1480-568: Was brought before the Provincial Court in Saint Mary's County. Bennett was charged with Witchcraft, Burglary, Murder and Trespassing. On October 11, 1665, the court, presided over by Phillip Calvert , determined the case against Elizabeth Bennett, was "...not presentable," and on October 16, she was, "...cleared by proclamation." John Cowman was the first judicial conviction under the Statute of James I witchcraft, conjuration, sorcery or enchantment upon

1520-505: Was captured by sailors, her body was searched for the Witch's mark , when they were satisfied they found the mark Captain Bosworth was called to examine it. According to testimonies Mary Lee confessed she was a witch. Captain Bosworth was unwilling to sentence her to death, and retired to his cabin. Francis Darby, who helped search Mary Lee's body, recalled how she was hung to death by the sailors. The Charity of London, would go on to be seized by

1560-545: Was later found not guilty. On October 5, 1712, the provincial court met in Annapolis, Maryland with justice Thomas Smithson presiding. Sheriff Foster Turbutt of Talbott County brought Virtue Violl to the Sheriff of Anne Arundel County to face the court. Virtue, a spinster, was accused of using witchcraft starting August 19, against Elinor Moore (also documented as Ellianor Moore) who was rendered speechless. Virtue pled not guilty to

1600-609: Was promptly demolished and replaced by Blenheim Palace , a site regally granted to the victorious Duke of Marlborough as a gift. It swiftly became the only private mansion termed a palace in England; however, this loss was partially recouped when the 4th Baron inherited an additional manor house and farm in Epsom , Surrey , on the death of his distant cousin Lady Ann(s) Lewknor (née Mynne), his father having already owned, since 1692, from

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