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55-558: She aspired to the ministry, and studied under the guidance of Rev. Olympia Brown of the Universalist faith. She was ordained by James Freeman Clarke as a Unitarian minister, and passed years in several pastorates, the earliest of which was at Mansfield, Massachusetts . She preached with acceptance in various places in the west, in Peoria, Illinois , Earlville, Illinois , and Manitou, Colorado . She also gave to friends valuable assistance in

110-541: A court decision against women seeking to keep their maiden names upon marriage; Brown had kept hers upon her marriage. Specifically, the case with that court decision was Kruzel v. Podell (1975), in which the Supreme Court of Wisconsin decided that a woman upon marriage adopts the last name of her husband by customarily using that name after marriage, but also stated that no law required her to. An elementary school in Racine

165-549: A doubly plunging, asymmetric syncline in Proterozoic -aged Baraboo quartzite . Researchers at the University of Wisconsin , particularly Charles R. Van Hise , used the syncline to demonstrate that small-scale deformational structures in isolated outcrops reflect larger regional structures and that sedimentary structures could indicate the original top-facing direction within elaborately deformed strata . These two principles sparked

220-465: A global revolution in structural geology during the 1920s. The nearby Baraboo Hills are designated one of the "Last Great Places" by the Nature Conservancy because of its rare rocks, plants and animals. The hills were created by glacial action, and in some points poke up from the flat terrain to form a stark contrast. Some of these features were created when a glacial pocket was formed during

275-458: A high compliment, as Henry Ward Beecher was widely considered to be the best preacher in the United States at the time. From Brown's childhood and the abolition movement to Brown's own experiences with discrimination, Brown had always been aware of the quest for equal rights. Due to Brown's strong speaking skills and beliefs, Susan B. Anthony continually sought the involvement of Brown. With

330-624: A national denomination. After her ordination, Brown went to Vermont, preaching in various churches. She also spent some time at home with her family in Michigan, before beginning her first pastorate in Weymouth Landing , Massachusetts . She was formally installed in July 1864, and ministered to the congregation for several years. She went on to pastor a church in Bridgeport, Connecticut , being hired by

385-604: A portion of the Madison combined statistical area . Baraboo is home to the Circus World Museum and the former headquarters and winter home of the Ringling Brothers Circus . The Al. Ringling Theatre is an active landmark in the city. Baraboo is near Devil's Lake State Park and Aldo Leopold 's Shack and Farm . The area around Baraboo was the site of a Kickapoo village as early as 1665. The current community

440-698: A year, on December 14, 1871, was regularly ordained as its pastor of the Unitarian Church in Mansfield. This was the first instance of the ordination of a woman by Unitarians in the State. A large council, representing many different churches convened for this purpose, took unusual care in examining the action of the parish and the preparation of the candidate. Graves' health was never vigorous, and this affected her ability for continuous pastoral work after her placement in Mansfield. However, in 1882, she had pastoral charge of

495-513: Is located in Baraboo. The School District of Baraboo has four elementary schools serving students in grades 1 through 5, one kindergarten center, one middle school and one high school ( Baraboo High School ). The middle school has a swimming pool that can be accessed by the public with a seasonal membership option. There are also three parochial schools: St. Joseph's Catholic School, which serves Pre-K through sixth grade; St. John's Lutheran School of

550-510: Is named after her. Baraboo, Wisconsin Baraboo ( / ˈ b ɛər ə b uː / BAIR -ə-boo ) is the county seat of Sauk County, Wisconsin , United States, located along the Baraboo River . The population was 12,556 as of the 2020 census . The most populous city in the county, Baraboo is the principal city of the Baraboo micropolitan statistical area which comprises

605-614: The New England Women's Suffrage Association , leading the Wisconsin Suffrage Association and becoming the president of the Federal Suffrage Association from 1903 to 1920. Despite all this action, Brown saw few changes take place. Brown believed that the second generation of suffragists suffered from poor leadership and erroneously focused their efforts at the state level. It was not until 1913 when Brown

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660-635: The Ringling brothers , after they settled in the city in 1875 and performed their first show in Mazomanie, Wisconsin in 1882. Several other circuses then came to the city, which earned Baraboo the nickname "Circus City". Located south of Baraboo in the Census-designated place of Bluffview , was the Badger Ordnance Works , which was the largest munitions factory in the world during World War II. It

715-613: The WELS , serving Pre-K through eighth grade; and Community Christian School, serving 4K through high school. St. Joseph's Catholic, under the Roman Catholic Diocese of Madison , is a parochial school. The current school building, designed by the Wisconsin Rapids company Billmeyer and Sons and with a cost of over $ 500,000, has 11 classrooms. The basement has a cafeteria and a combination auditorium/gymnasium. The second building for

770-694: The Wisconsin glaciation where the advance of the glacier halted, along the edge of what is known as the Driftless Area. Devil's Lake State Park , Wisconsin's largest state park, contains large areas of the Baraboo Hills. Pewits Nest is located outside Baraboo. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Baraboo has a warm-summer humid continental climate , abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps. The hottest temperature recorded in Baraboo

825-584: The 1860s, the city had surpassed a population of 2,000, and many businesses started to form, including grocery stores, banks, and hotels. In 1872, the Chicago and North Western Railway (C&NW) was built. Baraboo became home to several saw mills during this time, because of its location near the Baraboo and Wisconsin Rivers. In 1884, the Ringling Brothers Circus was established in Baraboo by circus performers and tourers

880-557: The Census Bureau's Baraboo-Madison Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area . As of the census of 2020 , the population was 12,556. The population density was 1,709.2 inhabitants per square mile (659.9/km ). There were 5,776 housing units at an average density of 786.3 per square mile (303.6/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 88.0% White , 1.4% Native American , 1.3% Black or African American , 1.0% Asian , 2.7% from other races , and 5.6% from two or more races. Ethnically,

935-587: The Northern Universalist Association. Brown's appeal was a simple plea for equality. One member of the Council had heard Brown's sermon the week prior, and left his support. To the surprise of many, the council voted to ordain her. Thus on June 25, 1863, Olympia Brown became the first woman to be ordained as a minister in the Universalist Church. Historians have debated the place she holds in

990-715: The State legislature and in various town offices. Her maternal ancestors, the Campbells and Moores, were descendants of the Scotch-Irish settlers of Londonderry, New Hampshire . Graves attended the school in the “lower end" ward, afterwards a term at the Abbot Academy at Andover, Massachusetts and graduated from the State Normal School (now Salem State University ), Salem, Massachusetts , in February, 1860. Graves taught in

1045-615: The Unitarian Society in Baraboo, Wisconsin , and she managed some missionary work in the West, mainly in Illinois and adjoining States. In 1885 and 1886, while living in Chicago , she assisted in the conduct of Manford's Magazine , acting as literary editor. For one year, she was secretary of the Women's Western Unitarian Conference. Recognizing that her strength was not sufficient to allow her to do

1100-420: The age of 18 living with them, 46.9% were married couples living together, 10.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.8% were non-families. 32.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 2.96. In the city, the population was spread out, with 24.9% under

1155-461: The age of 18, 8.8% from 18 to 24, 30.5% from 25 to 44, 20.1% from 45 to 64, and 15.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.0 males. The median income for a household in the city was $ 38,375, and the median income for a family was $ 48,149. Males had a median income of $ 32,775 versus $ 22,813 for females. The per capita income for

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1210-499: The best example of the school's thinking was the words of a Chemistry professor, "You are not expected to remember all of this, but only enough to make you intelligent in conversation." Brown, who already knew she could meet the challenges of a higher education, looked elsewhere. Putting aside her experiences at Mount Holyoke, Brown enrolled at Antioch College . Once Brown began her education at Antioch, she realized she had to catch up to higher standards. Brown also learned that despite

1265-713: The centennial of Brown's ordination, the Theological School of St. Lawrence University mounted a plaque at the church she pastored at in Racine, Wisconsin. The inscription concludes, "The flame of her spirit still burns today." In 1989 the church was renamed the Olympia Brown Unitarian Universalist Church. In the 1970s the Olympia Brown League was founded by Susan Hester and Fran Kaplan to help women's name rights in Milwaukee, in response to

1320-464: The center of the district, and it serves the county. The Baraboo-Wisconsin Dells Airport (KDLL) serves the city and surrounding communities, and is located on Bus. US 12 3 miles north of the city. State Highways 33 , 113 , 136 , and U.S. 12 pass through Baraboo. There is access to Interstate 90 / 94 nearby. The Wisconsin & Southern Railroad provides freight rail service to Baraboo via

1375-400: The city was $ 19,304. 6.6% of the population and 4.7% of families were below the poverty line, including 6.7% of those under the age of 18 and 10.0% of those age 65 or older. A city hall building opened in 1967, and another location finished construction in 2018 at a cost of $ 9 million. A post office opened in 1961. A campus of the University of Wisconsin–Platteville Baraboo Sauk County

1430-511: The city. The population density was 2,030.2 people per square mile (783.2/km ). There were 4,718 housing units at an average density of 894.3 per square mile (345.0 persons/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 97.12% White, 0.51% African American , 0.77% Native American , 0.52% Asian , 0.00% Pacific Islander, 0.41% from other races, and 0.66% from two or more races. 1.57% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 4,467 households, out of which 31.0% had children under

1485-576: The company to its present-day home in Duluth, Minnesota . According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 7.47 square miles (19.35 km ), of which 7.39 square miles (19.14 km ) is land and 0.08 square miles (0.21 km ) is water. West Baraboo , a suburb of Baraboo, borders the city on its west side. Baraboo gives its name to the Baraboo Syncline,

1540-524: The congregation despite initial reluctance by many parishioners who did not wish to have a woman pastor. In 1878, she accepted a call to a church in Racine, Wisconsin , where she would serve as minister until 1887. In all her ministerial settings she was well respected as a preacher. She was described by a reporter for the Superior Daily Leader as "the female Beecher of the rostrum." This was intended as

1595-424: The education of their children. As the years wore on, her strength proved unequal to the arduous duties of the ministry, and her time was filled with literary work. She contributed occasionally to the pages of The Christian Register , and other periodicals. With Julia Ward Howe, Graves edited a volume on the eminent women of New England, Sketches of representative women of New England (1904). Mary Hannah Graves

1650-464: The encouragement of Lucy Stone and her husband, Henry Blackwell , Brown decided to travel to Kansas in order to speak on women's rights. Over the course of the summer, Brown delivered more than 300 speeches despite facing many hardships. Even though this was a great experience, Brown decided to return to ministry, until a change of heart in 1887. Now that Brown had dedicated her life to the movement, she looked to do all she could. This included forming

1705-595: The first time that Olympia Brown along with countless other women were able to vote. Brown was married to John Henry Willis in 1873; she chose to keep her maiden name. They reared two children: Henry and Gwendolyn. Both of their children became teachers. Brown spent her last years with her family in Racine, Wisconsin . She continued to support women's rights and the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom . She died in Baltimore on October 23, 1926. In 1963 to honor

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1760-777: The full work of the ministry, Graves moved to Boston , and devoted herself to literary work. She contributed occasionally to The Christian Register , the Commonwealth , the Boston Transcript , the Leader , and other journals. She also took great interest in the genealogy of New Zealand, and her efforts helped many families. Graves died December 5, 1908, in Boston, and was buried at Riverside Cemetery in North Reading. Olympia Brown Olympia Brown (January 5, 1835 – October 23, 1926)

1815-533: The history of women's ordination. Some consider her ordination, approved by her regional Association, to be of greater significance than that of Antoinette Brown Blackwell, ordained in 1853 by the Congregational Church in South Butler, NY. Brown Blackwell did not have formal support in her denomination beyond the local congregation. Olympia Brown was the first woman to be ordained with official approval from

1870-596: The oldest of four children. Her parents, Lephia and Asa Brown, were farmers in what was then considered frontier land. They were the great-great-aunt and -uncle, respectively, of U.S. President Calvin Coolidge . Lephia raised her children in a household that regarded religion and education as very important. This is evident from the building of a schoolhouse on the Brown territory. The drive for education instilled by Brown's mother had compelled her to finish high school and advance to

1925-594: The population was 5.9% Hispanic or Latino of any race. As of the census of 2010, there were 12,048 people, 5,161 households, and 3,016 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,630.3 inhabitants per square mile (629.5/km ). There were 5,619 housing units at an average density of 760.4 per square mile (293.6/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 94.0% White , 1.3% African American , 1.0% Native American , 0.5% Asian , 0.1% Pacific Islander , 1.5% from other races , and 1.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 3.7% of

1980-440: The population. There were 5,161 households, of which 30.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.1% were married couples living together, 11.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 41.6% were non-families. 34.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size

2035-473: The progressive nature at Antioch, there were still forms of discrimination. For example, in Brown's English class, women were not required to have speeches memorized. In a defiant act, Brown delivered her speeches from memory, just as the men had. Perhaps the crowning achievement of Brown’s time at Antioch was her ability to persuade her hero , Antoinette Brown Blackwell , to speak at Antioch. Once Brown finished her schooling at Antioch, she decided her calling

2090-510: The public schools in that. Failing to garner appreciation by school examiners, she left the teaching profession. Like most of the thoughtful minds of her time, she sought intellectual gratification. She found it first in writing for the newspaper press, writing for The Ladies' Repository and other journals. Then she was led to the study of theology. Graves took a theological course of study under Rev. Olympia Brown in Weymouth, Massachusetts . In

2145-473: The public schools of her own town and in the Bowditch School, South Danvers, now Peabody, Massachusetts . As a teacher she was thirty years ahead of her time. Her generous teaching included cultivating the imagination and the finer qualities of the mind through drawing, and reading, and botany. But this went unappreciated as parsing, ciphering, and the memorizing of map questions were the favored approached of

2200-428: The school opened on a filled-in ravine in 1912, northeast of its associated church. The building had three floors and a basement. The first and second floors each had three classrooms, and the second floor also housed the chapel and the library. The third floor had a 600-seat auditorium while the basement had a large banquet hall/gymnasium. The second building became overcrowded due to the post-World War II baby boom , so

2255-724: The summer of 1869, she supplied the pulpit of the Universalist church in North Reading, and during the fall and winter, while studying in Bridgeport, Connecticut , preached in New Haven and other places in that State. The summer of 1870 she spent in Illinois , preaching at Earlville, Illinois. Returning to Massachusetts in September, she was next invited to the pulpit of the Unitarian church in Mansfield, Massachusetts, and after an active ministry of over

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2310-479: The third school building, north of the second building, opened in 1958. The Baraboo Public Library serves the community. The former Free Congregational Society church was demolished by 1902 for the library's construction. Baraboo includes the Downtown Baraboo Historic District, which consists of 75 commercial and civic buildings built between 1870 and 1938. The Sauk County Courthouse is in

2365-565: The two marches in front of the White House with displeasure. As a result, these women were to be jailed. The mistreatment of these women coupled with the massive press exposure led to more support for the movement. Eventually, Congress passed the bill. However, with ratification still needed, Brown along with others hit the campaign trail one last time. Olympia Brown's last march was at the 1920 Republican National Convention . The 19th Amendment would finally be ratified on August 25, 1920, marking

2420-453: The university level. Brown and her younger sister Oella decided to attend Mount Holyoke Female Seminary . Mount Holyoke and a college education were what Brown had hoped for. Her excitement was tempered by the restrictions placed on women at Mount Holyoke. These restrictions included a list of forty rules, the abolition of a literacy society founded by the Browns, and religious restrictions. Perhaps

2475-606: The wives of the faculty. Brown took it all as a challenge. After her first year, Brown had gained acceptance and finished her schooling. Despite finishing her schooling, and gaining a year of preaching experience with Congregations in Marshfield and Montpelier, Vermont , Brown still met opposition to her ordination. The St. Lawrence faculty refused to ordain her. Brown decided to appeal to the Universalist Council , and traveled to nearby Malone, New York , to present her case to

2530-406: Was 103 °F (39.4 °C) on July 5–7, 2012, while the coldest temperature recorded was −45 °F (−42.8 °C) on January 30, 1951. Baraboo forms the core of the United States Census Bureau 's Baraboo Micropolitan Statistical Area , which includes all of Sauk County (2000 population: 55,225). The Baraboo μSA is just northwest of the Madison metropolitan area , with which it forms

2585-435: Was 2.26 and the average family size was 2.89. The median age in the city was 38 years. 23.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 27.5% were from 25 to 44; 25.1% were from 45 to 64; and 15.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.1% male and 50.9% female. As of the census of 2000, there were 10,711 people, 4,467 households, and 2,733 families residing in

2640-537: Was a man of few words. When his sudden death from apoplexy , January 2, 1872, was announced, that evening at the Farmers’ Club a spontaneous tribute was paid to his memory in the general utterance, "He was an honest man.” His father was Capt. Daniel Graves, a young soldier in the Revolution . The parish records show that the captain was a man of more than ordinary influence in the old North Precinct. He served two terms in

2695-527: Was an American minister and suffragist . She was the first woman to be ordained as clergy with the consent of her denomination. Brown was also an articulate advocate for women's rights and one of the few first generation suffragists who were able to vote with the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment . Olympia Brown was born on January 5, 1835, in Prairie Ronde Township, Michigan . Brown was

2750-464: Was born in North Reading, Massachusetts , September 12, 1839. Her parents were Eben Graves, a farmer, and Hannah M. (Campbell) Graves. Her parents had six children who grew to maturity. The mother, who died May 21, 188i, was a sister of James S. and John B. Campbell. The father, Eben Graves, a lifelong resident of North Reading, was a farmer and market—man. Kind-hearted and a good friend to the poor, he

2805-418: Was established by Abe Wood in 1838, and was originally known as the village of Adams. In 1839 several settlers arrived and started building cabins, and a saw mill. In 1846 it became the county seat of Sauk County after a fierce fight with the nearby village of Reedsburg . In 1852, the village was renamed "Baraboo", after the nearby river . It was incorporated as a village in 1866 and as a city in 1882. In

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2860-486: Was invited to join the newly formed Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage , which would later be called the National Woman's Party , by Alice Paul and Lucy Burns . This group looked to pass an amendment at the federal level and also vowed to use a more radical approach. These new tactics led to the women's right to vote amendment being presented to Congress and marches in front of the White House. President Wilson met

2915-668: Was later demolished and now the land is a part of the Sauk Prairie Recreation Area. Hank Snow 's 1959 song " I've Been Everywhere ", famously covered by Johnny Cash , mentions visiting Baraboo. Cirrus , a manufacturer of single-engine aircraft, was founded in a rural Baraboo barn in 1984 by the Klapmeier brothers . After a few years of designing the VK-30 , they relocated to the Baraboo–Dells Airport and in 1994 moved

2970-691: Was named in Brown's honor in 1975. In 1999 she was inducted into the Michigan Women's Hall of Fame . Olympia Brown's own papers and documents relating to her work are held at the Schlesinger Library in Cambridge, Massachusetts , the State Historical Society of Wisconsin , and in the papers of the National Woman's Party at the Library of Congress . The Olympia Brown mystery series of books

3025-452: Was to be a minister. After countless rejections, she was accepted to the Theological School of St. Lawrence University , although the school's president, Ebenezer Fisher, made it clear he did not believe women should be ministers. She arrived on campus in 1861 and graduated in 1863, becoming the first woman to graduate from an established theological school. Once again, Brown faced opposition from many sides. This included fellow students and

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