69-700: Martin Dam is a concrete arch gravity dam on the Tallapoosa River in Alabama in the United States , about 10 miles (16 km) southwest of Dadeville . Impounding the 40,000-acre (16,000 ha) Lake Martin , the dam was built in the 1920s to provide flood control, hydroelectric power generation and water supply. Originally known as the Cherokee Bluffs dam, the dam is named in honor of Thomas Wesley Martin, president of
138-669: A U.S. National Military Park managed by the National Park Service , is located along the banks of the Tallapoosa River just upstream from Lake Martin. It preserves a battle site associated with the Creek War . The river below Thurlow Dam provides a short run of outstanding Class II, III and IV whitewater kayaking . Tallapoosa, Georgia is named for the river, which runs near the town. The first hydroelectric dam in Alabama
207-673: A boundary for colonial settlement in order to prevent illegal encroachment into Indian lands, and also helped the U.S. government maintain control over Indian trade. Still, traders and settlers often violated the terms of the treaties establishing the Indian Line, and frontier settlement by colonists in Indian lands was one of the arguments the United States used to expand its territory. These increasing territorial grabs westward into Creek territory (which included parts of Spanish Florida), coupled with
276-573: A capacity of 55.2 MW was incorporated in 1952, bringing the total generating capacity to 182.5 MW. The power plant generates over 327 million KWh each year. Tallapoosa River The Tallapoosa River runs 265 miles (426 km) from the southern end of the Appalachian Mountains in Georgia , United States, southward and westward into the Appalachian foothills in Alabama . It is formed by
345-420: A defensive American strategy. Meanwhile, settlers in that region sought refuge in blockhouses. The Tennessee legislature authorized Governor Willie Blount to raise 5,000 militia for a three-month tour of duty. Blount called out a force of 2,500 West Tennessee men under Colonel Andrew Jackson to "repel an approaching invasion ... and to afford aid and relief to ... Mississippi Territory". He also summoned
414-554: A force of 2,500 from East Tennessee under Major General John Alexander Cocke . Jackson and Cocke were not ready to move until early October. In addition to the state actions, U.S. Indian agent Hawkins organized the friendly Lower Creek under Major William McIntosh , an Indian chief, to aid the Georgia and Tennessee militias in actions against the Red Sticks. At the request of Chief Federal Agent Return J. Meigs (called "White Eagle" by
483-429: A new levee of 2,500 troops, Jackson would not be up to full strength until the end of February. When a draft of 900 raw recruits arrived unexpectedly on January 14, Jackson was down to a cadre of 103 and Coffee, who had been "abandoned by his men". Since new men had enlistment contracts of only sixty days, Jackson decided to get the most out of his untried force. He departed Fort Strother on January 17 and marched toward
552-771: A party of Red Sticks returning from Spanish Florida , where they had acquired gunpowder, blankets and food from the Spanish governor at Pensacola . The Red Sticks escaped and the soldiers looted what they found. Seeing the Americans looting, the Creek regrouped and attacked and defeated the Americans. The Battle of Burnt Corn , as the exchange became known, broadened the Creek Civil War to include American forces. Chiefs Peter McQueen and William Weatherford led an attack on Fort Mims, north of Mobile , on August 30, 1813. The Red Sticks' goal
621-583: A small force at the Holy Ground and burned 260 houses. William Weatherford was nearly captured during this engagement. Casualties for the Mississippians were 1 killed and 6 wounded. 30 Creek soldiers were killed in the engagement, however. Because of supply shortages, Claiborne withdrew to Fort St. Stephens. Brigadier General Joseph Graham 's brigade of troops from North and South Carolina, including Colonel Reuben Nash's South Carolina militia, deployed along
690-494: A small war party of Red Sticks, led by Little Warrior, were returning from Detroit when they killed two families of settlers along the Ohio River . Hawkins demanded that the Creek turn over Little Warrior and his six companions, the standard operating procedure between the nations up to that point. The first clashes between the Red Sticks and United States forces occurred on July 27, 1813. A group of territorial militia intercepted
759-447: Is usually more identified with, and considered an integral part of, the War of 1812 . Creek militancy was a response to increasing United States cultural and territorial encroachment into their traditional lands. However, the war's alternate designation as the "Creek Civil War" comes from the divisions within the tribe over cultural, political, economic, and geographic matters. At the time of
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#1733105150484828-513: The Alabama Power Company during the dam's construction. The African American community of Kowaliga was submerged by Lake Martin. Preparations for construction of Martin Dam began in 1916 as Alabama Power began to purchase lands that would be flooded by its construction. Actual work on the dam commenced in 1923 and was completed in 1926; the lake filled to capacity for the first time on April 23, 1928 after heavy upstream flooding. However,
897-745: The Louisiana Purchase (which neither the British nor the Spaniards recognized at the time), compelled the British and Spanish governments to strengthen existing alliances with the Creek. In 1810, following the occupation of Baton Rouge during the West Florida Rebellion, the United States sent an expeditionary force to occupy Mobile. As a result, Mobile was jointly occupied by weak detachments of American and Spanish soldiers until Secretary of War John Armstrong ordered General James Wilkinson to force
966-622: The Mississippi Territory . After this offensive in the beginning of October 1813, the party burned a number of Red Stick towns before retiring to Coweta . Although there were a few limited attacks on whites in 1812 and early 1813, Indian agent Benjamin Hawkins did not believe that the disruption in the Creek Nation or the increasing war dances were a cause for concern. But in February 1813,
1035-639: The Napoleonic Wars , the West Florida Rebellion , and the War of 1812 . This made long-standing intra-Creek trade and political alliances more tenuous than ever. In the Treaty of New York (1790), Treaty of Colerain (1796), Treaty of Fort Wilkinson (1802), and Treaty of Washington (1805), the Creek ceded parts of their Georgia territory east of the Ocmulgee River . In 1804, the United States claimed
1104-668: The Red Stick War or the Creek Civil War ) was a regional conflict between opposing Native American factions, European powers, and the United States during the early 19th century. The Creek War began as a conflict within the tribes of the Muscogee , but the United States quickly became involved. British traders and Spanish colonial officials in Florida supplied the Red Sticks with weapons and equipment due to their shared interest in preventing
1173-587: The Southern Company ) and recreation for the public. The Tallapoosa River, especially its lower course, was a major population center of the Creek Indians before the early 19th century. The contemporary name of the river is from the Creek words Talwa posa , which mean "Grandmother Town". The Creek consider the Tallapoosa branch of their tribe to be one of the oldest. Horseshoe Bend National Military Park ,
1242-511: The Tennessee River was low, making it difficult to move supplies, and there was little forage for his horses. On October 10, Jackson, along with 2,500 troops, set out on the expedition, his arm in a sling. Jackson established Fort Strother as a supply base. On November 3, his top cavalry officer, Brigadier General John Coffee , defeated a band of Red Sticks at the Battle of Tallushatchee . It
1311-453: The War of 1812 . On his own initiative, he invaded Spanish Florida and drove a British force out of Pensacola . Pensacola had been a supply point for Red Sticks (see Battle of Burnt Corn Creek ) and the Corps of Colonial Marines at Prospect Bluff . He defeated the British at the Battle of New Orleans on January 8, 1815. On-going issues during 1816-1817 between residents along the border of
1380-472: The "progressive" Creek began to adopt American farming practices as their game disappeared, and as more Anglo settlers assimilated into Creek towns and families. Leaders of the Lower Creek towns in present-day Georgia included Bird Tail King ( Fushatchie Mico ) of Cusseta , Little Prince ( Tustunnuggee Hopoi ) of Broken Arrow, and William McIntosh ( Tunstunuggee Hutkee , White Warrior) of Coweta . Many of
1449-611: The Americans dismissed Tecumseh as non-threatening, his message of resistance to Anglo encroachment was well received among Creek and Seminole , especially among more conservative and traditional elders and young men. Mobilization of recruits to Tecumseh's cause was bolstered by the Great Comet of 1811 and the New Madrid earthquakes of 1811–12, which were taken as evidence of Tecumseh's supernatural powers. The war party rallied around prophets who had traveled with Tecumseh and remained with
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#17331051504841518-510: The Coosa and Tallapoosa River systems. The Alabama Rivers Alliance works to unite the citizens of Alabama to protect peoples right to clean, healthy, waters. Alabama Water Watch is dedicated to volunteer citizen monitoring of water quality in Alabama Rivers. The Alabama Power Foundation is a non-profit foundation providing grants for watershed, environmental and community projects along
1587-506: The Creek Confederacy Council's official policies, particularly in regard to foreign relations with the United States. The rising war party began to be called " Red Sticks " at this time—in Creek culture, red 'sticks' or clubs symbolize war, while white sticks represent peace. Creeks who did not support the war became targets for the prophets and their followers, and began to be murdered in their sleep or burned alive. Warriors of
1656-752: The Creek War, the Upper Creeks controlled the Coosa , Tallapoosa , and Alabama Rivers that lead to Mobile ; while the Lower Creeks controlled the Chattahoochee River , which flows into Apalachicola Bay . The Lower Creek were trading partners with the United States and, unlike the Upper Creeks, had adopted more of their cultural practices. The provinces of East and West Florida , governed by Spanish and British firms like Panton, Leslie, and Co. , provided most of
1725-455: The Creek confederacy to surrender more than 21 million acres in what is now southern Georgia and central Alabama. According to historian John K. Mahon , the Creek War "was as much a civil war among Creeks as between red and white". The war was also a continuation of Tecumseh's War in the Old Northwest , and, although a conflict framed within the centuries-long American Indian Wars , it
1794-479: The Creek, influencing newly converted Creek religious leaders. Peter McQueen of Talisi (now Tallassee, Alabama ); Josiah Francis (Hillis Hadjo) (Francis the Prophet) of Autauga , a Koasati town; and High-head Jim ( Cusseta Tustunnuggee ) and Paddy Walsh, both Alabamas , were among the spiritual leaders responding to rising concerns and the prophetic message. The militant faction of Creek stood in opposition of
1863-555: The Creeks was more prevalent in western Georgia among the Lower Creeks than in Upper Creek towns, and came from internal and external processes. The U.S. government's and Benjamin Hawkins' pressure on the Creeks to assimilate stood in contrast to the more natural blending of cultures that came from a long tradition of cohabitation and cultural appropriation, beginning with white traders in Indian country. The Shawnee leader Tecumseh came to
1932-640: The East Tennessee Militia, took the field on October 12. His route of march was from Knoxville to Chattanooga and then along the Coosa River toward Fort Strother . Because of rivalry between the East and West Tennessee militias, Cocke was in no hurry to join Jackson, particularly after he angered Jackson by mistakenly attacking a friendly village on November 17. When he finally reached Fort Strother on December 12,
2001-461: The East Tennessee men only had 10 days remaining on their enlistments. Jackson had no choice but to dismiss them. Furthermore, Brigadier General Coffee, who had returned to Tennessee for remounts, wrote Jackson that the cavalry had deserted. By the end of 1813, Jackson was down to a single regiment whose enlistments were due to expire in mid-January. Although Governor William Blount had ordered
2070-571: The European trading goods into Creek country. Pensacola and Mobile , in Spanish Florida , controlled the outlets of the U.S. Mississippi Territory 's rivers. Territorial conflicts between France, Spain, Britain, and the United States along the Gulf Coast that had previously helped the Creeks to maintain control over most of the United States' southwestern territory had shifted dramatically due to
2139-513: The Floridas and lack of supplies even for their own army. The splintering of the Creek peoples along progressive and nativist lines had roots dating back to the eighteenth century, but came to a head after 1811. Red Stick militancy was a response to the economic and cultural crises in Creek society caused by the adoption of Western trade goods and culture. From the 16th century, the Creeks had formed successful trade alliances with European empires, but
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2208-585: The Georgia frontier to deal with the Red Sticks. Colonel Nash's South Carolina regiment of volunteer militia traveled from South Carolina at the end of January 1814. The militia marched to the start of the Federal Road in Augusta, Georgia , walking to Fort Benjamin Hawkins (in modern Macon, Georgia ) en route to reinforce the various forts including Fort Mitchell (in modern Phenix City, Alabama ), Fort Bainbridge , Fort Hull , and Fort Decatur . Other companies in
2277-667: The Indians for the color of his hair), the Cherokee Nation voted to join the Americans in their fight against the Red Sticks. Under the command of Chief Major Ridge , 200 Cherokee fought with the Tennessee Militia under Colonel Andrew Jackson. At most, the Red Stick force consisted of 4,000 warriors, possessing perhaps 1,000 muskets. They had never been involved in a large-scale war, not even against neighboring American Indians. Early in
2346-603: The Muscogee, the Choctaw and Cherokee nations, as well as the Lower Creeks faction of the Muscogee. During the hostilities, the Red Sticks allied themselves to the British . A Red Stick force aided British Naval Officer Alexander Cochrane 's advance towards New Orleans . The Creek War effectively ended in August 1814 with the signing of the Treaty of Fort Jackson , when Andrew Jackson forced
2415-522: The Nash's regiment were at Fort Mitchell by July 1814. Graham's brigade participated in only a few skirmishes before returning home. Although Jackson's mission was to defeat the Creek, his larger objective was to move on Pensacola . Jackson's plan was to move south, build roads, destroy Upper Creek towns, and then later proceed to Mobile to stage an attack on Spanish-held Pensacola. He had two problems: logistics and short enlistments. When Jackson began his advance,
2484-409: The Red Stick war party had "received 25 small guns" at Pensacola. The immediate concern of the force was the defense of Georgia's " Indian Line ", separating Indian territory from U.S. territory at the Ocmulgee River . The proximity of Jasper and Jones counties to hostile Creek towns resulted in a regiment of Georgia volunteer militia under Major General David Adams. John Floyd was made general of
2553-416: The Red Sticks who fought against him. He took the lands of both for what he considered the security needs of the United States. Jackson forced the Creek to cede 1.9 million acres (7,700 km²) that was also claimed as hunting grounds of the Cherokee Nation , who had fought as U.S. allies during the Creek War as well. With the Red Sticks subdued, Jackson turned his focus on the Gulf Coast region in
2622-629: The Southwestern frontier, and they demanded U.S. government intervention. Federal forces were busy fighting the British and Northern Woodland tribes, led by the Shawnee chief Tecumseh in the Northwest. Affected states called up militias to deal with the threat. After the Battle of Burnt Corn, U.S. Secretary of War John Armstrong notified General Thomas Pinckney , Commander of the 6th Military District, that
2691-466: The Spaniards to turn over control of the city in February 1813. The Patriot Army captured parts of East Florida from 1811–1815. After Fort Charlotte was surrendered in April, the Spaniards focused on protecting Pensacola from the United States. The Spaniards decided to support the Creeks in an attack on the United States and in defense of their homeland, but were greatly hindered by their weak position in
2760-546: The Tallapoosa River and within the state of Alabama The Coosa River Basin Initiative is a grassroots environmental organization with the mission of informing and empowering citizens so that they may become involved in the process of creating a clean, healthy and economically viable Coosa River Basin. A number of significant cities lie on the banks of the Tallapoosa River. They include: Creek War United States victory 1813 1814 1815 The Creek War (also
2829-427: The Tallapoosa River, a Red Stick stronghold only 20 miles from the Coosa River. On November 29, he attacked Autossee . Floyd's losses were 11 killed and 54 wounded. Floyd estimated that 200 Creek were killed. Having achieved the destruction of the town, Floyd returned to Fort Mitchell. The second westward advance of Floyd's troops departed Fort Mitchell with a force of 1,100 militia and 400 friendly Creek. Along
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2898-569: The U.S. was prepared to take action against the Creek Confederacy. Furthermore, if Spain were found to be supporting the Creeks, an assault on Pensacola would ensue. Brigadier General Ferdinand Claiborne , a militia commander in the Mississippi Territory , was concerned about the weakness of his sector on the western border of the Creek territory, and advocated preemptive strikes. But Major General Thomas Flourney, commander of 7th Military District, refused his requests. He intended to carry out
2967-513: The Upper and Lower towns of Creek to sign the Treaty of Fort Jackson . Despite protest of the Creek chiefs who had fought alongside Jackson, the Creek Nation ceded 21,086,793 acres (85,335 km²) of land—approximately half of present-day Alabama and part of southern Georgia —to the United States government . Even though the Creek War was largely a civil war among the Creek, Andrew Jackson recognized no difference between his Lower Creek allies and
3036-544: The area to encourage the peoples to join his movement to throw the Americans out of Native American territories. Previously, he had united tribes in the Northwest (Ohio and related territories) to fight against U.S. settlers after the War for Independence . In 1811, Tecumseh and his brother Tenskwatawa attended the annual Creek council at Tukabatchee . Tecumseh delivered an hour-long speech to an audience of 5,000 Creeks as well as an American delegation including Hawkins. Although
3105-672: The city of Mobile under the Mobile Act . The 1805 treaty with the Creek also allowed the creation of the Federal Road that linked Washington, D.C. to the newly acquired port city of New Orleans , which partially stretched through Creek territories. During and after the American Revolution , the United States wished to maintain the Indian Line which had been established by the Royal Proclamation of 1763 . The Indian Line created
3174-811: The confluence of McClendon Creek and Mud Creek in Paulding County, Georgia . Lake Martin at Dadeville, Alabama is a large and popular water recreation area formed by a dam on the river. The Tallapoosa joins the Coosa River about 10 miles (16 km) northeast of Montgomery near Wetumpka (in Elmore County ) to form the Alabama River . There are four hydroelectric dams on the Tallapoosa: Yates, Thurlow, Martin and Harris dams. They are important sources of electricity generation for Alabama Power (a unit of
3243-423: The dam was not officially dedicated until 1936. At the time of completion, Lake Martin was the largest man-made body of water in the world. Filling the reservoir submerged the towns of Sousanna and Benson (also known as Kowaliga ), as well as many historic Native American sites. The dam is 168 feet (51 m) high and 2,000 feet (610 m) long, straddling the border of Tallapoosa and Elmore Counties with
3312-447: The distance to the Creek position, and established a new outpost at Fort Williams . Leaving another garrison there, he then moved on Tohopeka with a force of about 3,000 effective fighting men augmented by 600 Cherokee and Lower Creek allies. The Battle of Horseshoe Bend , which occurred on March 27, was a decisive victory for Jackson, effectively ending the Red Stick resistance. On August 9, 1814, Andrew Jackson forced headmen of both
3381-400: The drastic fall in the price of deerskin from 1783 to 1793 made it more difficult for individuals to repay their debt, while at the same time the assimilation process made American goods more necessary. The Red Sticks particularly resisted the "civilization" programs administered by the U.S. Indian agent Benjamin Hawkins , who had stronger alliances among the towns of the Lower Creek. Some of
3450-427: The entire war. On January 29, the Red Sticks launched an attack on the American camp at dawn. After daylight, Floyd's army repulsed the attack. Casualty figures vary for Floyd's force, from 17 to 22 killed, and 132 to 147 wounded. Floyd estimated Red Stick casualties as 37 killed, including Chief High-head Jim. Georgia retreated to Fort Mitchell with Floyd, who was severely wounded in the leg. The Battle of Calebee Creek
3519-400: The expansion of the United States into regions under their control. The Creek War took place largely in modern-day Alabama and along the Gulf Coast . Major engagements of the war involved the United States military and the Red Sticks (or Upper Creeks), a Muscogee tribal faction who resisted U.S. territorial expansion . The United States formed an alliance with the traditional enemies of
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#17331051504843588-422: The four impoundments (dams) on the Tallapoosa River from south to north. The Tallapoosa River's drainage has many significant tributaries which reflected below based on their location within the watershed . The Coosa-Alabama River Improvement Association , founded in 1890 in Gadsden, Alabama to promote navigation on the Coosa River is a leading advocate of the economic, recreational and environmental benefits of
3657-431: The junction of the Alabama and Coosa Rivers, was the heart of the Red Stick Confederation. It was about 150 miles (240 km) from the nearest supply point available to any of the three American armies. The easiest attack route was from Georgia through the line of forts on the frontier and then along a good road that led to the Upper Creek towns near the Holy Ground, including nearby Hickory Ground . Another route
3726-418: The main Georgia army (in September 1812 and numbering 2,362 men). The Georgia Army was aided by Cherokee and independent Creek allies, as well as a number of Georgia volunteer militia. Floyd's task was to advance to the junction of the Coosa and Tallapoosa rivers and join the Army of Tennessee. Due to the state's failure to secure supplies early enough in the year, Floyd gained a few months to train and drill
3795-414: The men at Fort Hawkins . On November 24, General Floyd crossed the Chattahoochee and established Fort Mitchell , where he was joined by 300-400 Creek from Coweta , organized under McIntosh. With these allies and 950 of his men, Floyd began his advance towards the juncture of the Coosa and Tallapoosa Rivers where he was supposed to rendezvous with Jackson. His first target was the major town of Autossee on
3864-515: The most prominent Creek chiefs before the Creek War were "mixed-bloods", like William McGillivray and William McIntosh (who were on opposing sides of the Creek Civil War). Before the Creek War and the War of 1812, most U.S. politicians saw removal to be the only alternative to the assimilation of native peoples into Western culture. The Creeks, on the other hand, blended their own culture with adopted trade goods and political terms, and had no intention of abandoning their land. The Americanization of
3933-512: The offensive until mid-March. The arrival of the 39th United States Infantry on February 6, 1814, provided Jackson a disciplined core for his force, which ultimately grew to about 5,000 men. After Governor Blount ordered the second draft of Tennessee militia, Cocke, with a force of 2,000 six-month men, once again marched from Knoxville to Fort Strother. Cocke's men mutinied when they learned that Jackson's men only had three-month enlistments. Cocke tried to pacify his men, but Jackson misunderstood
4002-679: The powerhouse located on the Elmore (west) side. The spillway is controlled by twenty 30 ft (9.1 m) x 16 ft (4.9 m) gates and has a total discharge capacity of 134,000 cubic feet per second (3,800 m/s). At its full capacity of 1,622,000 acre⋅ft (2.001 × 10 m), Lake Martin stretches over 30 miles (48 km) up the Tallapoosa River. The lake is drawn down by an average of 10 feet (3.0 m) each winter to facilitate flood control operations at Martin Dam. Martin Dam's powerhouse contained three Francis turbines upon its original construction in 1927, with capacities of 45.8, 41 and 40.5 megawatts (MW). A fourth generator with
4071-476: The prophets' parties also began to attack the property of their enemies, burning plantations and destroying livestock. The first major offensive of the civil war was the Red Stick attack on the Upper Creek town, and seat of the council, at Tuckabatchee on July 22, 1813. In Georgia , a war party of "friendly" Creeks organized under William McIntosh , Big Warrior, and Little Prince attacked 150 Uchee warriors who were traveling to meet up with Red Stick Creeks in
4140-463: The same time, Captain Samuel Dale left Fort Madison (near Suggsville ) going southward to the Alabama River. On November 12 a small party rowed out to intercept a war canoe. Dale wound up alone in the canoe in hand-to-hand combat with four warriors, an encounter which became known as the Canoe Fight . Continuing to a point about 85 miles (140 km) north of Fort Stoddert, Claiborne established Fort Claiborne . On December 23, he encountered
4209-422: The situation and ordered Cocke's arrest as an instigator. The East Tennessee militia reported to Fort Strother without further comment on their term of service. Cocke was later cleared. Jackson spent the next month building roads and training his force. In mid-March, he moved against the Red Stick force concentrated on the Tallapoosa at Tohopeka (Horseshoe Bend). He first moved south along the Coosa , about half
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#17331051504844278-405: The village of Emuckfaw to cooperate with the Georgia Militia. However, this was a risky decision. It was a long march through difficult terrain against a numerically superior force, the men were inexperienced, undisciplined, and insubordinate, and a defeat would have prolonged the war. After two indecisive battles at Emuckfaw and Enotachopo Creek , Jackson returned to Fort Strother and did not resume
4347-462: The war, General Cocke observed that arrows "form a very principal part of the enemy's arms for warfare, every man having a bow with a bundle of arrows, which is used after the first fire with the gun until a leisure time for loading offers". Many Creek tried to remain friendly to the United States, but, after Fort Mims, few European Americans in the region distinguished between friendly and unfriendly Creeks. The Holy Ground (Econochaca), located near
4416-405: The way they fortified Fort Bainbridge and Fort Hull on the Federal Road . On January 26, 1813, they set up a camp on the Callabee Creek near the abandoned site of Autossee. Red Stick chiefs William Weatherford , Paddy Walsh, High-head Jim, and William McGillivray raised a combined force of at least 1,300 warriors to stop the advance. This was the largest combined force raised by the Creek during
4485-456: Was Georgia's last offensive operation of the war. In October, General Thomas Flournoy organized a force of about 1,000—consisting of the Third United States Infantry , militia, volunteers, and Choctaw Indians —at Fort Stoddert . General Claiborne, ordered to lay waste to Creek property near the junction of the Alabama and Tombigbee Rivers, advanced from Fort St. Stephen . He achieved some destruction but no military engagement. At roughly
4554-489: Was a brutal battle, and many Red Sticks, including some women and children, were killed. After this, Jackson received a call for help from 150 allied Creeks besieged by 700 Red Stick warriors. Jackson marched his troops to relieve the siege, and won another decisive victory at the Battle of Talladega on November 9. After Talladega, however, Jackson was plagued by supply shortages and discipline problems arising from his men's short term enlistments. John Alexander Cocke , with
4623-459: Was built on the Tallapoosa River in 1902, by Henry C. Jones, an Auburn University electrical engineer , at the site of the current Yates Dam. It was destroyed in the flood of 1919 but rebuilt. The dam then belonged to the Montgomery Light & Water Power Company. In 1928 it was replaced by the Yates Dam. There are four hydroelectric dams on the Tallapoosa River: Yates Dam, Thurlow Dam, Martin Dam, and R.L. Harris Dam . The table below outlines
4692-475: Was north from Mobile along the Alabama River. Jackson's route of advance was south from Tennessee through a mountainous and pathless terrain. By August, the Georgia Volunteer Army and state militia had been mobilized in anticipation of war with the Creeks. The news of Fort Mims first reached Georgia on September 16, and was taken as legal grounds to begin a military offensive. In addition, Benjamin Hawkins wrote to Brigadier General John Floyd on September 30 that
4761-461: Was to strike at mixed-blood Creek of the Tensaw settlement who had taken refuge at the fort. The warriors attacked the fort and killed a total of 400 to 500 people, including women and children and numerous white settlers. The attack became known as the Fort Mims massacre and became a rallying cause for American militia. The Red Sticks subsequently attacked other forts in the area, including Fort Sinquefield . Panic spread among settlers throughout
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