Marstrand ( Swedish pronunciation: [ˈmâʂːtrand] ) is a seaside locality situated in Kungälv Municipality , Västra Götaland County , Sweden . It had 1,320 inhabitants in 2010. The town got its name from its location on the island of Marstrand. Despite its small population, for historical reasons Marstrand is often referred to as a city .
18-570: The city had free port status, which was declared by King Gustav III , from 1775 to 1794. Religious liberty established by the same sovereign allowed an early Swedish congregation of Jews to be established there in 1775 and one of Scandinavia 's first synagogues was set up in Fort Fredriksborg in 1780, making the village a notable site to the history of the Jews in Sweden . Following the abolishment of
36-623: A specific type of special economic zone, for example LADOL . All "free ports" in the world were permitted by the respective states, save the Free Port of Trieste that with the signing of the 16th Resolution of the Security Council of the United Nations (10 January 1947) and the signing of the Treaty of Peace with Italy (10 February 1947, ratified 15 September 1947) was put territorially under
54-477: Is material injury to the competing domestic industry, the Department of Commerce will instruct U.S. Customs and Border Protection to levy duties in the amount equivalent to subsidy margins. Petitions for remedies may be filed by domestic manufacturers or unions within the domestic industry, but the law requires that the petitioners represent at least 25% of the domestic production of the goods for which competition
72-460: Is the 17th-century fortress Carlsten , named for King Charles X of Sweden . During the last quarter of the 18th century Marstrand had free port status granted by King Gustav III . In the 1790s, the Jewish inhabitants of Marstrand numbered around 60 individuals at its peak Jewish population time. In 1805, all the Jews, except for one family, had left Marstrand for Gothenburg . Notable families of
90-535: Is the host venue for Match Cup Sweden , part of the World Match Racing Tour . The event draws international sailing teams to Marstrand. DS-37 boats are raced two at a time. Points accrued count towards the World Match Racing Tour and a place in the final event, with the overall winner taking the title ISAF World Match Racing Tour Champion. Match racing is well suited to Marstand. Highlights of
108-635: The sovereignty of the United Nations itself. As cited on Annex VIII, Article 3, paragraph 2: "The establishment of special zones in the Free Port under the exclusive jurisdiction of any State is incompatible with the status of the Free Territory and of the Free Port" . For example, it was not possible to apply the "Italian Law on Ports" in the extraterritorial free zones of the UN Free Port of Trieste with
126-548: The Marstrand Jewish community were the Henriques, Delbanco, Warburg , von Reis and Magnus families. Administratively Marstrand with immediately surrounding islands was a municipality of its own until the local government reform of 1971 when it was merged into Kungälv Municipality . In 1969, around 200 stateless Polish Jews arrived there. Being an island makes Marstrand popular for sailing and boat races. Marstrand
144-531: The commission cited Swiss authorities' 2016 seizure of cultural relics looted from the Middle East being stored in Geneva's free ports. The free port system has been accused of facilitating international art crime, allowing stolen artworks to remain undetected in storage for decades. Freeports' lax regulation enables criminals to operate in secrecy. Freeports may facilitate money laundering and tax evasion by obscuring
162-521: The conditions and benefits of free zones. Some special economic zones are called free ports or free trade ports . Sometimes they have historically been endowed with favorable customs regulations, such as the free port of Trieste , or the newer free trade port on Hainan Island . The definition should be understood in meaning The International Convention on the Simplification and Harmonization of Customs Procedures (Revised Kyoto Convention) uses
180-432: The effect that all actual territorial concessions were null and void. In 1954, the Free Territory of Trieste was dissolved and given to its neighbours, Italy and Yugoslavia. The European Union, in 2020, introduced new stricter rules to identify and report suspicious activities at free ports and zones in response to the "high incidence of corruption, tax evasion, and criminal activity", with a further review to take place in
198-661: The events are broadcast on Eurosport television and via the official World Match Racing Tour website. Free economic zone Free economic zones ( FEZ ), free economic territories ( FETs ) or free zones ( FZ ) are a class of special economic zone (SEZ) designated by the trade and commerce administrations of various countries . The term is used to designate areas in which companies are taxed very lightly or not at all to encourage economic activity . The taxation rules and duties are determined by each country. The World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (SCM) has content on
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#1732852697732216-470: The following year, The European Parliament suggested that increasing demand for free ports could be partly a response to global crackdowns on tax evasion. The European Commission in a report said that free ports were popular for the storage of art, precious stones, antiques, gold, and wine as alternative assets to cash, and posed an emerging threat in multiple ways: allowing counterfeiters to land consignments and tamper with loads and paperwork, then re-export
234-959: The free port status and the decline of herring fishing , Marstrand established itself as a seaside resort in the 19th century. Important annual sporting events held in Marstrand include the Stena Match Cup Sweden and Marstrand Regatta . Marstrand is known as a playground for celebrities and wealthy Swedish residents alike, who come in the summer for the sea, shopping and the nightlife. [REDACTED] Norway 1200–1397 [REDACTED] Kalmar Union 1397–1537 [REDACTED] Denmark–Norway 1537–1658 [REDACTED] Sweden 1658–1775 Marstrand Free Port 1775–1794 [REDACTED] Sweden 1794–1814 [REDACTED] Sweden–Norway 1814–1905 [REDACTED] Sweden 1905–present Marstrand has held city privileges since 1200. The most striking feature of Marstrand
252-603: The importing country. These duties aim to counterbalance the adverse impacts of such subsidies. According to World Trade Organization rules, a country can launch its own investigation and decide to charge extra duties, provided such additional duties are in accordance with the GATT Article VI and the GATT Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures. Since countries can rule domestically whether domestic industries are in danger and whether foreign countries subsidize
270-503: The products without customs formalities, disguising the actual origin and nature of the goods and their supplier. The commission said they were also used for narcotics trafficking, the illegal ivory trade, people smuggling, VAT fraud, corruption and money laundering. "Legal businesses owned by criminals remain key to money-laundering activities... free ports are perceived as facilities that protect their clients'' identity and financial dealings, much as private banks used to." As an example,
288-510: The products, the institutional process surrounding the investigation and determinations has significant impacts beyond the countervailing duties. Countervailing duties in the U.S. are assessed by the International Trade Administration of the U.S. Department of Commerce which determines whether imports in question are being subsidized and, if so, by how much. If the U.S. International Trade Commission determines that there
306-439: The real beneficial owners of criminal assets, which hinders authorities' efforts to trace criminal profits and recover taxes. Countervailing duties Countervailing duties ( CVDs ), also known as anti-subsidy duties , are trade import duties imposed under World Trade Organization (WTO). They are applied following an investigation that determines a foreign country's subsidies on exports have harmed domestic producers in
324-565: The term “free zones” which the revised convention describes as “a part of the territory of a Contracting Party where any goods introduced are generally regarded, insofar as import duties and taxes are concerned, as being outside the customs territory ”. According to the World Bank, the main types of special economic zones are: An early type of special economic zone was free ports , these historically were endowed with favorable customs regulations. In modern times, free port has come to mean
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