64-744: Marshalltown is a city in Marshall County, Iowa and is the county seat of the county. With a population of 27,591 at the 2020 census , it is the 16th largest city in the state. Marshalltown is home to the Iowa Veterans Home and Marshalltown Community College . Marshalltown is known as the Paris of the Prairie. Henry Anson was the first European settler in what is now called Marshalltown. In April 1851, Anson found what he described as “the prettiest place in Iowa.” On
128-406: A bellwether polity . 42°02′03″N 93°00′04″W / 42.03417°N 93.00111°W / 42.03417; -93.00111 Derecho A derecho ( / ˈ d ɛ r ə tʃ oʊ / , from Spanish: derecho [deˈɾetʃo] , 'straight') is a widespread, long-lived, straight-line wind storm that is associated with a fast-moving group of severe thunderstorms known as
192-492: A mesoscale convective system . Derechos cause hurricane-force winds, heavy rains, and flash floods . In many cases, convection -induced winds take on a bow echo (backward "C") form of squall line , often forming beneath an area of diverging upper tropospheric winds, and in a region of both rich low-level moisture and warm-air advection . Derechos move rapidly in the direction of movement of their associated storms, similar to an outflow boundary (gust front), except that
256-461: A Republican candidate during those years in 1912 with a strong third party campaign by former president Theodore Roosevelt on the Bull Moose ticket. Since then, it has become far more of a swing county, having backed the national winner in the seven presidential elections from 1992 to 2016. That streak was broken in 2020, when Donald Trump won the county but lost nationally. The county is considered
320-594: A concentrated area of convectively-induced wind gusts exceeding 25 m/s (50 kn). According to the National Weather Service (NWS) criterion, a derecho is classified as a band of storms that have winds of at least 25 m/s (50 kn) along the entire span of the storm front, maintained over a time span of at least six hours. Some studies add a requirement that no more than two or three hours separate any two successive wind reports. A more recent, more physically based definition of "derecho" proposes that
384-632: A few areas relatively frequently. Outside North America, they sometimes are called by different names. For example, in Bangladesh and parts of Eastern India , a type of storm known as "Kalbaisakhi" or " Nor'westers " may be a progressive derecho. One such event occurred on 10 July 2002 in Germany: a serial derecho killed eight people and injured 39 near Berlin. Derechos occur in southeastern South America (particularly Argentina and southern Brazil) and South Africa as well, and on rarer occasions, close to or north of
448-628: A high point between the Iowa River and Linn Creek, Anson built a log cabin. A plaque at 112 West Main Street marks the site of the cabin. In 1853 Anson named the town Marshall, after Marshall, Michigan , a former residence of his. The town became Marshalltown in 1862 because another Marshall already existed in Henry County (In 1880, Marshall's name changed to Wayland ). With the help of Potawatomi chief Johnny Green, Anson persuaded early settlers to stay in
512-527: A more precise, physically based definition of "derecho" has been introduced within the meteorological community. Derecho comes from the Spanish adjective for "straight" (or "direct"), in contrast with a tornado which is a "twisted" wind . The word was first used in the American Meteorological Journal in 1888 by Gustavus Detlef Hinrichs in a paper describing the phenomenon and based on
576-434: A significant derecho event that crossed Iowa on 31 July 1877. Organized areas of thunderstorm activity reinforce pre-existing frontal zones, and can outrun cold fronts . The resultant mesoscale convective system (MCS) often forms at the point of the strongest divergence of the upper-level flow, and new storm cells are developed in the area with the greatest low-level inflow. The convection tends to move east or toward
640-569: A small but significant role in the life of Ebe Dolliver, a main character in MacKinlay Kantor's Pulitzer Prize-winning novel "Andersonville" (1955). Adrian Constantine "Cap" Anson , son of Henry and Jennette Anson, was the first European child born in the new pioneer town and is today known as Marshalltown's “first son.” Adrian became a Major League Baseball player and was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1939 . He
704-678: A third of the state of Iowa's agricultural area. Over a million homes across the Midwest were without basic services such as water and electricity. Iowa Governor Reynolds requested $ 4 billion in federal aid to assist in the recovery efforts. Winds were confirmed as having stirred up in Colorado and Nebraska, and then proceeded in force crossing 5 states including Iowa, Minnesota, Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio leaving destruction in excess of $ 7.5 billion in estimated damages. The 21 May 2022 derecho in southern Ontario and western Quebec travelled lengthwise along
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#1732848509160768-653: A warm core, like other mesoscale convective systems. One such derecho occurred across the Midwestern U.S. on 21 July 2003. An area of convection developed across eastern Iowa near a weak stationary/warm front and ultimately matured, taking on the shape of a wavy squall line across western Ohio and southern Indiana . The system re-intensified after leaving the Ohio Valley, starting to form a large hook, with occasional hook echoes appearing along its eastern side. A surface low pressure center formed and became more impressive later in
832-489: A whole. It was, in many ways, a devastating experience.” According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 19.31 square miles (50.01 km), of which 19.28 square miles (49.93 km) is land and 0.03 square miles (0.08 km) is water. Neighboring counties include Hardin and Grundy to the north, Tama to the east, Jasper to the south, and Story to the west. According to
896-404: Is also served by Trailways Coach Nationwide. A municipal airport serves the county, approximately four miles north of town. The closest commercial airport is Des Moines International Airport , 53 miles (85.3 km) miles to the southwest. There currently is no passenger rail service. Marshall County, Iowa Marshall County is a county located in the U.S. state of Iowa . As of
960-603: The 2020 census , the population was 40,105. The county seat and largest city is Marshalltown . The county was formed on January 13, 1846, and named after John Marshall , Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court. Marshall County comprises the Marshalltown, Iowa Micropolitan Statistical Area . In 2010, the center of population of Iowa was located in Marshall County, near Melbourne . According to
1024-781: The 60th parallel in northern Canada. Primarily a mid-latitudes phenomenon, derechos do occur in the Amazon Basin of Brazil. On 8 August 2010, a derecho struck Estonia and tore off the tower of Väike-Maarja Church. Derechos are occasionally observed in China. Since derechos occur during warm months and often in places with cold winter climates, people who are most at risk are those involved in outdoor activities. Campers, hikers, and motorists are most at risk because of falling trees toppled over by straight-line winds. Wide swaths of forest have been felled by such storms. People who live in mobile homes are also at risk; mobile homes that are not anchored to
1088-572: The Deep South , although a late-summer derecho struck upper parts of the New York State area after midnight on 7 September 1998. Warm season derechos have greater instability than their cold season counterpart, while cool season derechos have greater shear than their warm season counterpart. Although these storms most commonly occur in North America, derechos can occur elsewhere in the world, with
1152-548: The Köppen Climate Classification system, Marshalltown has a hot-summer humid continental climate , abbreviated "Dfa" on climate maps. Marshalltown is notably more ethnically diverse than the State of Iowa overall. In 2019, 85% of Iowans were non-Hispanic whites, compared to just 59.8% of Marshalltonians. Most of this discrepancy can be explained by the sizable Hispanic population in Marshalltown (30.7% in 2019). As of
1216-652: The Marshalltown Ansons . From 1914 to 1928 the team played in the Central Association and Mississippi Valley League . On April 23, 1961 , the south side of town was hit by an F3 tornado . It damaged numerous structures in the area, causing $ 1 million (1961 USD) in the town alone. It killed one person and injured 12. Marshalltown would be hit again on July 19, 2018, when another EF3 tornado with peak winds of 145 mph moved directly through downtown at 4:37 p.m. local time. It destroyed
1280-507: The Storm Prediction Center of the U.S. National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration . Some derechos develop a radar signature resembling that of a hurricane in the low levels. They may have a central eye free of precipitation, with a minimum central pressure and surrounding bands of strong convection, but are really associated with an MCS developing multiple squall lines, and are not tropical in nature. These storms have
1344-513: The U.S. Census Bureau , the county has a total area of 573 square miles (1,480 km ), of which 573 square miles (1,480 km ) is land and 0.7 square miles (1.8 km ) (0.1%) is water. Jasper County (South) Tama County (East) Story County (West) Hardin County (Northwest) Grundy County (North) The 2020 census recorded a population of 40,105 in the county, with a population density of 70.1835/sq mi (27.0980/km ). 90.76% of
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#17328485091601408-540: The census of 2020, there were 27,591 people, 10,275 households, and 6,588 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,437.5 inhabitants per square mile (555.0/km). There were 11,248 housing units at an average density of 586.0 per square mile (226.3/km). The racial makeup of the city was 64.8% White , 2.7% Black or African American , 1.1% Native American , 5.3% Asian , 0.1% Pacific Islander , 14.4% from other races and 11.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino persons of any race comprised 31.3% of
1472-603: The equator , roughly parallel to low-level thickness lines and usually somewhat to the right of the mean tropospheric flow. When the convection is strongly linear or slightly curved, the MCS is called a squall line, with the strongest winds typically occurring just behind the leading edge of the significant wind shift and pressure rise. Classic derechos occur with squall lines that contain bow- or spearhead-shaped features as seen by weather radar that are known as bow echoes or spearhead echoes . Squall lines typically "bow out" due to
1536-401: The 10,335 households 33.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.1% were married couples living together, 11.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 35.9% were non-families. 29.8% of households were one person and 12.6% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.55 and the average family size
1600-406: The 15,338 households 31.10% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.40% were married couples living together, 9.30% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.80% were non-families. 26.90% of households were one person and 12.20% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 3.00. The age distribution was 25.30% under
1664-452: The 2006 raid caused a 6-month to 1-year economic recession in the area. Explaining the 2006 raid's effect on the community, Police Chief Michael Tupper told The Washington Post in 2018 that “I think that there’s just a lot of fear that it could happen again. It was a very traumatic experience for our community. Not just for the families and people that were directly impacted, but for our school system, for our local economy, for our community as
1728-511: The Ansons. Adrian accepted the contract, which began his professional career in baseball in 1871. Baseball continued its popularity in Marshalltown. In the early 1880s Billy Sunday played for the town baseball team. In 1882, with Sunday in left field , the Marshalltown team defeated the state champion Des Moines team 13–4. Marshalltown later formed a minor league team naming it after the Anson family,
1792-745: The Midwestern United States, across the central Appalachians, into the Mid-Atlantic States during a heat wave . The August 2020 Midwest Derecho delivered a maximum measured wind speed of 56 m/s (109 kn), with damage-estimated speeds as high as 63 m/s (120 kn) in the Cedar Rapids, Iowa area. The storm was referred to as one of the largest "land-based hurricanes" in recorded history spawning 17 confirmed tornadoes across Wisconsin, Illinois, and Indiana. Ten million acres of crops were damaged or destroyed, accounting for roughly
1856-484: The Northern Hemisphere, derechos generally develop within a pattern of mid-tropospheric southwesterly winds, in an environment of low to moderate atmospheric instability (caused by relative warmth and moisture near ground level, with cooler air aloft, as measured by convective available potential energy ), and high values of vertical wind shear (20 m/s or 40 knots within the lowest 5 km or 16,000 ft of
1920-480: The Southern Hemisphere, within areas of moderately strong instability and moderately strong vertical wind shear . However, derechos can occur at any time of the year. They are equally likely during day and night times. Various studies since the 1980s have shed light on the physical processes responsible for the production of widespread damaging winds by thunderstorms. In addition, it has become apparent that
1984-645: The United States National Weather Service and other organizations show that a large swath of the north-central United States, and presumably at least the adjacent sections of Canada and much of the surface of the Great Lakes, can expect winds from 40 to 55 m/s (75 to 105 kn) over a significant area at least once in any 50-year period, including both convective events and extra-tropical cyclones and other events deriving power from baroclinic sources. Only in 40 to 65 percent or so of
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2048-571: The United States resting on the coast of the Atlantic basin, and a fraction of the Everglades, are derechos surpassed in this respect — by landfalling hurricanes , which at their worst may have winds as severe as EF3 tornadoes. Certain derecho situations are the most common instances of severe weather outbreaks which may become less favorable to tornado production as they become more violent;
2112-478: The additional damage caused by straight-line winds in the immediate area. With the average tornado in the United States and Canada rating in the low end of the F/ EF 1 classification at 40 to 45 m/s (75 to 85 kn) peak winds and most or all of the rest of the world even lower, derechos tend to deliver the vast majority of extreme wind conditions over much of the territory in which they occur. Datasets compiled by
2176-455: The age of 18 living with them, 50.5% were married couples living together, 10.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.2% were non-families. 29.7% of households were one person and 13.5% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 3.02. Age spread: 24.5% under the age of 18, 8.9% from 18 to 24, 26.0% from 25 to 44, 23.0% from 45 to 64, and 17.6% 65 or older. The median age
2240-416: The age of 18, 8.10% from 18 to 24, 26.30% from 25 to 44, 23.90% from 45 to 64, and 16.40% 65 or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females there were 99.20 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.50 males. The median household income was $ 38,268 and the median family income was $ 46,627. Males had a median income of $ 33,809 versus $ 24,063 for females. The per capita income for
2304-446: The area. In the mid-1850s, Anson donated land for a county courthouse. Residents donated money for the building's construction. In 1863 the title of county seat transferred from the village of Marietta to Marshalltown. The young town then began growing. By 1900, Marshalltown had 10,000 residents. Many industries began developing in Marshalltown, like Fisher Controls , Lennox International and Marshalltown Company . Marshalltown plays
2368-472: The atmosphere). Warm season derechos in the Northern Hemisphere most often form in west to northwesterly flow at mid-levels of the troposphere , with moderate to high levels of thermodynamic instability. As previously mentioned, derechos favor environments of low-level warm advection and significant low-level moisture. A common definition is a thunderstorm complex that produces a damaging wind swath of at least 390–640 kilometres (240–400 mi), featuring
2432-609: The city and surrounding Marshall County was "extensive", particularly to trees. Marshalltown's Hispanic population in particular boomed in the 1990s and 2000s with immigrants mostly from Mexico, just like in many other Midwestern towns with meat-packing plants. Another smaller wave of Burmese refugees later arrived in the 2010s. Federal law enforcement have twice raided the Swift & Company (now JBS ) meatpacking plant, first in 1996 and again in 2006 , arresting suspected undocumented immigrants for alleged identity theft. One study estimated
2496-436: The city. Over a hundred cars parked near a factory had their windows blown out. Reports described 99 miles per hour (160 kilometers per hour; 44 meters per second) winds, roofs being ripped off, and loose wood debris embedded in the sides of buildings. One week after the storm, nearly 7,000 residents of the city were still waiting for power restoration; 99 percent restoration was achieved on August 23. The damage to public parks in
2560-408: The city. The population density was 1,429.0 inhabitants per square mile (551.7/km). There were 11,171 housing units at an average density of 579.4 per square mile (223.7/km). The racial makeup of the city was 84.8% White, 2.2% African American, 0.6% Native American, 1.7% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 7.9% from other races, and 2.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 24.1%. Of
2624-451: The county was $ 19,176. About 7.10% of families and 10.20% of the population were below the poverty line , including 14.30% of those under age 18 and 8.60% of those age 65 or over. The population ranking of the following table is based on the 2020 census of Marshall County. † county seat Prior to 1964, Marshall County was strongly Republican, never backing a Democratic presidential candidate from 1880 to 1960 and only failing to back
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2688-526: The criteria for a storm to be classified as a derecho. A wind storm must meet the following criteria: Prior to January 11, 2022, the definition for a derecho was: Four types of derechos are generally recognized: Winds in a derecho can be enhanced by downburst clusters embedded inside the storm. These straight-line winds may exceed 45 m/s (85 kn), reaching 60 m/s (115 kn) in past events. Tornadoes sometimes form within derecho events, although such events are often difficult to confirm due to
2752-582: The day. Another example is the May 2009 Southern Midwest derecho . Derechos in North America form predominantly from April to August, peaking in frequency from May into July. During this time of year, derechos are mostly found in the Midwestern United States and the U.S. Interior Highlands most commonly from Oklahoma and across the Ohio Valley . During mid-summer when a hot and muggy air mass covers
2816-402: The formation of a mesoscale high-pressure system which forms within the stratiform rain area behind the initial convective line. This high-pressure area is formed due to strong descending air currents behind the squall line, and could come in the form of a downburst . The size of the bow may vary, and the storms associated with the bow may die and redevelop. During the cool season within
2880-626: The ground may be overturned from the high winds. Across the United States, Michigan and New York have incurred many of the fatalities from derechos. Prior to Hurricane Katrina , the death tolls from derechos and hurricanes were comparable for the United States. Derechos may also severely damage an urban area's electrical distribution system, especially if these services are routed above ground. The derecho that struck Chicago, Illinois on 11 July 2011 left more than 860,000 people without electricity. The June 2012 North American derecho took out electrical power to more than 3.7 million customers starting in
2944-516: The height of 30–31 May 1998 upper Middle West-Canada-New York State derecho and the latter stages of significant tornado and severe weather outbreaks in 2003 and 2004 are only three examples of this. Some upper-air measurements used for severe-weather forecasting may reflect this point of diminishing return for tornado formation, and the mentioned three situations were instances during which the rare Particularly Dangerous Situation severe thunderstorm variety of severe weather watches were issued from
3008-494: The most damaging derechos are associated with particular types of mesoscale convective systems that are self-perpetuating (meaning that the convective systems are not strongly dependent on the larger-scale meteorological processes such as those associated with blizzard -producing winter storms and strong cold fronts). In addition, the term "derecho" sometimes is misapplied to convectively generated wind events that are not particularly well-organized or long-lasting. For these reasons,
3072-552: The most heavily populated region in Canada, reaching peak wind speeds of 190 km/h. The derecho killed 10 people and caused $ 875 million property damage, the sixth largest "insured loss event" in Canadian history. Destruction of utility poles deprived some rural communities of telephone and electricity services for several weeks. Derechos can be hazardous to aviation due to embedded microbursts, downbursts, and downburst clusters. In addition,
3136-511: The north-central U.S., they will often develop farther north into Manitoba or Northwestern Ontario , sometimes well north of the Canada–US border. North Dakota , Minnesota , and upper Michigan are also vulnerable to derecho storms when such conditions are in place. They often occur along stationary fronts on the northern periphery of where the most intense heat and humidity bubble exists. Late-year derechos are normally confined to Texas and
3200-427: The population reported being of one race. There were 16,745 housing units, of which 15,358 were occupied. The 2010 census recorded a population of 40,648 in the county, with a population density of 71.0232/sq mi (27.4222/km ). There were 16,831 housing units, of which 15,538 were occupied. At the 2000 census there were 39,311 people, 15,338 households, and 10,460 families in the county. The population density
3264-451: The population. Of the 10,275 households, 33.2% of which had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.7% were married couples living together, 7.0% were cohabitating couples, 27.7% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present and 19.5% had a male householder with no spouse or partner present. 35.9% of all households were non-families. 30.3% of all households were made up of individuals, 14.0% had someone living alone who
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#17328485091603328-407: The school's superintendent. As of 2020, there are multiple schools in Marshalltown. There are six elementary schools, one intermediate school, a Catholic school (PreK–6) and Christian school (1–8), and a middle school (7–8). There is also Marshalltown High School , with over 1,000 students. East Marshall Community School District serves small portions of the Marshalltown city limits. The district
3392-450: The spire from the top of the courthouse, while heavily damaging or destroying several homes, businesses, and historic downtown buildings. It was on the ground for 23 minutes along a 8.41-mile-long (13.53 km) path of destruction up to 1,200 yards (1,100 m) wide. Although there were no fatalities, 23 people were injured. On August 10, 2020, Marshalltown was hit by a powerful derecho , which caused extensive damage throughout
3456-459: The term be reserved for use with convective systems that not only contain unique radar-observed features such as bow echoes and mesovortices , but also for events that produce damage swaths at least 100 km (60 miles) wide and 650 km (400 miles) long. On January 11, 2022, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and Environment and Climate Change Canada formally revised
3520-423: The top employers in the city are: Marshalltown Community School District serves Marshalltown. The first schoolhouse in Marshalltown was a log cabin built in 1853. The building stood on Main Street between Third and Fourth Streets. Neary Hoxie served as the first teacher. In 1874, high school classes were held in an old building on North Center Street. The high school had 45 students and C. P. Rogers served as
3584-451: The town's founder, they put together a team and became the most prominent team in the state of Iowa . The Marshalltown team, with Henry Anson at third base, Adrian's brother Sturgis in center field, and Adrian at second base, won the Iowa state championship in 1868. In 1870 Marshalltown played an exhibition game with the talented Rockford Forest Citys . Although Marshalltown lost the game, Rockford's management offered contracts to all three of
3648-420: The wind remains sustained for a greater period of time (often increasing in strength after onset), and may reach tornado- and hurricane-force winds. A derecho-producing convective system may remain active for many hours and, occasionally, over multiple days. A warm-weather phenomenon, derechos mostly occur in summer, especially during June, July, and August in the Northern Hemisphere, or March, April, and May in
3712-400: Was 1,442.7 inhabitants per square mile (557.0/km). There were 10,857 housing units at an average density of 602.2 per square mile (232.5/km). The racial makeup of the city was 86.8% White, 1.3% African American, 0.4% Native American, 1.3% Asian, 8.6% from other races, and 1.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 12.6%. Of the 10,175 households 30.0% had children under
3776-403: Was 3.18. The median age was 37.3 years. 26.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 9.2% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.1% were from 25 to 44; 24.9% were from 45 to 64; and 16.7% were 65 or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.8% male and 50.2% female. At the 2000 census there were 26,009 people in 10,175 households, including 6,593 families, in the city. The population density
3840-548: Was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.3 males. The median household income was $ 35,688 and the median family income was $ 45,315. Males had a median income of $ 32,800 versus $ 23,835 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 19,113. About 8.8% of families and 12.5% of the population were below the poverty line , including 17.5% of those under age 18 and 10.6% of those age 65 or over. According to Marshalltown's 2018 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,
3904-418: Was 65 years old or older. The median age in the city was 36.7 years. 29.0% of the residents were under the age of 20; 6.3% were between the ages of 20 and 24; 24.0% were from 25 and 44; 22.2% were from 45 and 64; and 18.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 50.2% male and 49.8% female. At the 2010 census there were 27,552 people in 10,335 households, including 6,629 families, in
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#17328485091603968-423: Was 69 people per square mile (27 people/km ). There were 16,324 housing units at an average density of 28 units per square mile (11 units/km ). The racial makeup of the county was 90.44% White , 0.93% Black or African American , 0.35% Native American , 0.78% Asian , 0.06% Pacific Islander , 6.03% from other races, and 1.42% from two or more races. 8.96%. were Hispanic or Latino of any race. Of
4032-537: Was established on July 1, 1992, by the merger of the LDF and SEMCO school districts. The BCLUW Community School District serves some rural areas nearby Marshalltown. [REDACTED] U.S. Route 30 bypasses the town to the south, while [REDACTED] Iowa Highway 14 runs through the center of town. An expressway , [REDACTED] Iowa Highway 330 connects Marshalltown to Des Moines . Marshalltown has bus ( Marshalltown Municipal Transit or MMT) and taxicab services. It
4096-471: Was regarded as one of the greatest players of his era and one of the first superstars of the game. Baseball steadily became popular as Marshalltown grew in the mid-1800s. Adrian's brother Sturgis also became a talented baseball player and both went to play on intra-school teams at the University of Notre Dame . Both later returned to Marshalltown to play baseball for the town team. Along with their father Henry,
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