Mary R. Stalcup Markward (February 10, 1922 – November 23, 1972) was for seven years a member of the Washington, DC "District Communist Party" as director of the party's membership. She was actually working undercover for the FBI .
57-453: Markward is both a surname and a given name. Notable people with the name include: Mary Stalcup Markward (1922–1972), American FBI informant Markward von Annweiler (died 1202), regent of the Kingdom of Sicily See also [ edit ] Marquard (disambiguation) [REDACTED] Name list This page or section lists people that share
114-401: A mica -flecked spring discovered there in 1840 by Francis Preston Blair , who subsequently bought much of the area's surrounding land. Acorn Park , south of downtown, is believed to be the site of the original spring. As an unincorporated census-designated place , Silver Spring's boundaries are not consistently defined. As of the 2010 census , the U.S. Census Bureau gives Silver Spring
171-573: A 20-room mansion he dubbed "Silver Spring" on a 250-acre (1 km ) country homestead. In 1854, Blair moved to the mansion permanently. The house stood until 1954. By 1854, Blair's son, Montgomery Blair , who became Postmaster General under Abraham Lincoln and represented Dred Scott before the U.S. Supreme Court , built the Falkland house in the area. By the end of the decade, Elizabeth Blair married Samuel Phillips Lee , third cousin of future Confederate leader Robert E. Lee , and gave birth to
228-485: A 2002 PBS documentary entitled Silver Spring: Story of an American Suburb . In 2003, Discovery Communications moved its headquarters from nearby Bethesda to a new building in downtown Silver Spring. In 2017, Discovery, Inc. CEO David Zaslav announced that the company was relocating to New York City to operate close to their "ad partners on Madison Avenue ", "investors and analysts on Wall Street ", and their "creative and production community". ) 2003 also brought
285-583: A boy, Francis Preston Blair Lee , who went on to become the first popularly elected Senator in U.S. history. During the American Civil War , Abraham Lincoln visited the Silver Spring mansion several times, where he relaxed by playing town ball with Francis P. Blair's grandchildren. In 1864, Confederate States Army General Jubal Early occupied Silver Spring before the Battle of Fort Stevens . After
342-439: A different race domiciled with an owner or tenant." In practice, covenants excluding "Semitic races" were primarily used to discriminate against Jews, as Montgomery County did not have significant Armenian, Greek, Iranian, or Turkish populations at the time. In all, housing in more than 10 square miles of greater Silver Spring was blocked off to Blacks, Jews, Armenians, Persians, Turks, and Greeks, who were considered non-white at
399-542: A household in the census area was US$ 71,986 , and the median income for a family was US$ 84,136 . Prior to European settlement, present-day Silver Spring was inhabited by various Indigenous peoples for approximately 10,000 years, including the Piscataway , an Algonquian-speaking people. The Piscataway may have established a few small villages along the banks of Sligo Creek and Rock Creek . The Blair, Lee, Jalloh, and Barrie families, three politically active families of
456-404: A large swath of eastern Montgomery County sometimes called "Greater Silver Spring", including Four Corners , Woodmoor , Wheaton , Glenmont , Forest Glen , Forest Glen Park , Aspen Hill , Hillandale , White Oak , Colesville , Colesville Park, Cloverly , Calverton , Briggs Chaney, Greencastle, Northwood Park, Ashton , Sandy Spring , Sunset Terrace, Fairland , Lyttonsville , Kemp Mill ,
513-445: A neighborhood of 1-acre (4,000 m ) plot home sites built on the former Noyes estate in 1923. In 1924, Washington trolley service on Georgia Avenue (present-day Maryland Route 97 ) across B&O's Metropolitan Branch was suspended so that an underpass could be built. The underpass was completed two years later, but trolley service never resumed. It would be rebuilt again in 1948 with additional lanes for automobile traffic, opening
570-453: A new, larger facility at the corner of Colesville Road ( U.S. Route 29 ) and University Boulevard ( Maryland Route 193 ). The former Blair building became a combined middle school and elementary school, housing Silver Spring International Middle School and Sligo Creek Elementary School. The Silver Spring Shopping Center, built by developer Albert Small and Silver Theatre , designed by theater architect John Eberson , were completed in 1938 at
627-400: A number of alternatives since then, including HOV lanes and high-occupancy toll lanes . At the beginning of the 21st century, downtown Silver Spring began to see the results of redevelopment. Several city blocks near City Place Mall were rebuilt to accommodate a new outdoor shopping plaza called Downtown Silver Spring. As downtown Silver Spring revived, its 160-year history was celebrated in
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#1732845636768684-647: A portion of Langley Park , and a portion of Adelphi . The area that has a Silver Spring mailing address is larger in area than any city in Maryland except Baltimore . Landmarks in the downtown area include the AFI Silver Theatre , the National Museum of Health and Medicine , a branch of The Fillmore , and the headquarters of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration . Greater Silver Spring includes
741-527: A property owned by Rozier J. Beech in the Sixteenth Street Village subdivision of Silver Spring said, "No negro, or any person or persons of whose blood or extraction or to any person of the semitic race whose blood or origin of racial description will be deemed to include Armenians, Jews, Hebrews, Persians, Syrians, Greeks and Turks, shall use or occupy any building or any lot, except that this covenant shall not prevent occupancy by domestic servants of
798-473: A result of public involvement and private investment that is turning it into an arts and entertainment center". In 2005, downtown Silver Spring was awarded the silver medal of the Rudy Bruner Award for Urban Excellence In 2007, the downtown Silver Spring area gained attention when an amateur photographer was prohibited from taking photographs in what appeared to be a public street. The land, leased to
855-441: A soccer field, tennis courts, basketball courts, and a picnic area. There are similar local parks throughout the residential parts of the community. As of the 2020 census, 81,015 people lived in Silver Spring. There were 32,114 households; their average annual income was $ 83,782. 50.9% of the population was female. 33.3% of the population was White (Non-Hispanic), 28% was Black or African American alone (Non-Hispanic), 19.4% of
912-895: A total area of 7.92 square miles (20.5 km ), which is all land; however, the CDP contains some creeks and small ponds. This definition is a 15% reduction from the 9.4 square miles (24 km ) used in previous years. Silver Spring contains the following neighborhoods: Downtown Silver Spring, East Silver Spring, Woodside , Woodside Park , Lyttonsville , North Hills Sligo Park, Long Branch, Indian Spring, Goodacre Knolls, Franklin Knolls , Montgomery Knolls, Clifton Park Village, New Hampshire Estates, and Oakview. The U.S. Geological Survey , U.S. Postal Service , Silver Spring Urban Planning District, and Greater Silver Spring Chamber of Commerce, each use their own slightly different definitions. The Postal Service in particular assigns Silver Spring mailing addresses to
969-575: Is known as the father of modern Silver Spring for his visionary attitude toward developing the region. In the early 20th century, E. Brooke Lee and his brother, Blair Lee I , founded the Lee Development Company, whose Colesville Road office building remains a downtown fixture. Dale Drive, a winding roadway, was built to provide vehicular access to much of the family's substantial real estate holdings. Suburban development continued in 1922 when Woodside Development Corporation created Woodside Park,
1026-505: The 2010 census , there were 71,452 residents, 28,603 total households, and 15,684 families residing in the Silver Spring CDP. The population density was 9,021.7 inhabitants per square mile (3,483.3/km ). There were 30,522 housing units at an average density of 3,853.8 per square mile (1,488.0/km ). The racial makeup of the community, as defined by the U.S. Census Bureau , for residents who self-identified as being members of "one race"
1083-618: The 2020 census , making it the fifth-most-populous place in Maryland after Baltimore , Columbia , Germantown , and Waldorf . Downtown Silver Spring, located next to the northern tip of Washington, D.C., is the oldest and most urbanized area of Silver Spring, surrounded by several inner suburban residential neighborhoods inside the Capital Beltway . Many mixed-use developments combining retail, residential, and office space have been built since 2004. Silver Spring takes its name from
1140-638: The American Film Institute , an annual Thanksgiving Day Parade (Saturday before Thanksgiving) for Montgomery County . The Silver Spring Jazz Festival is the largest annual event, drawing 20 000 people to the free festival held on the second Saturday in September. Featuring local jazz artists and a battle of high school bands, the Silver Spring Jazz Festival has featured Wynton Marsalis , Arturo Sandoval , Sérgio Mendes , Aaron Neville ,
1197-403: The 1950s, Silver Spring was known as a sundown town , in part because of influential land owners. The North Washington Real Estate Company designed 63 acres to be white-only , written in its deeds to prevent the sale of land to anyone else. The Fair Housing Act outlawed this practice in 1968, almost two decades after Shelley v. Kramer made racial covenants unenforceable. A 1939 deed for
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#17328456367681254-442: The 1980s. The Hecht Company closed its downtown location in 1987 and moved to Wheaton Plaza while forbidding another department store to rent its old spot. City Place , a multi-level mall, was established in the old Hecht Company building in 1992, but it had difficulty attracting quality anchor stores and gained a reputation as a budget mall. In the mid-1990s, developers considered building a mega-mall and entertainment complex called
1311-628: The American Dream, similar to the Mall of America , in downtown Silver Spring, but were unable to secure funding. A bright spot for the city in the late 1980s and early 1990s was the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) consolidating its headquarters to four new high-rise office buildings near the Silver Spring Metro station. A February 16, 1996, train collision on
1368-554: The B&;O's eastbound and westbound mains. The Red Line heads south to downtown DC from Silver Spring, running at grade before descending into Union Station . By the mid-1990s, the Red Line continued north from the downtown Silver Spring core, entering a tunnel just past the Silver Spring station and running underground to three more stations: Forest Glen , Wheaton , and Glenmont . Nevertheless, Silver Spring's downtown continued to decline in
1425-783: The Civil War. These small towns largely lost their separate identities when a post office was established in Silver Spring in 1899. By the end of the 19th century, the region began to develop into a town of size and importance. The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad 's Metropolitan Branch opened on April 30, 1873, and ran through Silver Spring from Washington, D.C., to Point of Rocks, Maryland . The first suburban development appeared in 1887 when Selina Wilson divided part of her farm on present-day Colesville Road ( U.S. Route 29 ) and Brookeville Road into five- and ten-acre ( 20 000 - and 40 000 m ) plots. In 1892, Francis Preston Blair Lee and his wife, Anne Brooke Lee, gave birth to E. Brooke Lee , who
1482-561: The Communist Party had any strength in the DC area. At one point in her testimony, she even joked about the Party's inability to recruit young, new members. In the list of members she did provide, there appeared to be a connection between Party membership and civil rights activism; several people whom Markward accused were less involved with communism and more concerned with picketing segregated areas of
1539-585: The Communist Party responsible for the beginning of the Progressive Party organization? Mrs. Markward: I don't believe the Progressive Party could have been organized without the energy and activity of various Communists in Maryland and the District of Columbia. They decided it was a desirable organization, and put everything they had to see that it was organized. Several committees, known as political action committees, were set up on city and district levels, and
1596-464: The FBI. Her daughter believed that her mother's essay written about her pride in being an American brought her to the attention of the FBI. The essay was published in a local Virginia paper. Markward worked undercover for almost seven years, a time that was stressful for her because she was shunned by friends and family because of her activities with the Party. After consulting earlier in the year with HUAC,
1653-586: The New Hampshire Avenue interchange, with a speech by Gov. J. Millard Tawes , who called it a "road of opportunity" for Maryland and the nation. Washington Metro rail service into Washington, D.C., helped breathe new life into the region starting with the 1978 opening of Silver Spring station . The Metro Red Line followed the right-of-way of the B&;O Metropolitan Branch , with the Metro tracks centered between
1710-552: The Party heard and expelled her in February 1951. Markward testified before the House Committee on Un-American Activities on July 11, 1951, that Annie Lee Moss , Maurice Braverman , and about 240 other people were Communist Party members. She provided the names of their spouses and gave the exact dates of party meetings. While her memory of membership and Party activities was largely accurate, Markward did not provide evidence that
1767-750: The Peterson Companies, a developer, for $ 1, was technically private property. The citizens argued that the Downtown Silver Spring development, partially built with public money, was still public property. After a protest on July 4, 2007, Peterson relented and allowed photography on their property under limited conditions. Peterson also claimed that it could revoke these rights at any time. The company further stated that other activities permitted in public spaces, such as organizing protests or distributing campaign literature, were still prohibited. In response, Montgomery County Attorney Leon Rodriguez said that
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1824-602: The Silver Spring section of the Metropolitan line left 11 people dead. A MARC commuter train bound for Washington Union Station during the Friday evening rush hour collided with the Amtrak Capitol Limited train and erupted in flames on a snow-swept stretch of track. The Maryland State Highway Administration started studies of improvements to the Capital Beltway in 1993, and have continued, off and on, examining
1881-532: The United States, which is higher than the national average of 13.9%. Of these, the most predominant foreign-born people are from El Salvador, Ethiopia, India, and China. Note: For the 2010 census, the boundaries of the Silver Spring CDP were changed, reducing the land area by approx. 15%. As a result, the population count for 2010 shows a 6.6% decrease, while the population density increased 11%. As of
1938-418: The areas to the north for readily accessible suburban development. Takoma-Silver Spring High School, built in 1924, was the first high school for Silver Spring. The community's rapid growth led to the need for a larger school. In 1935, when a new high school building was erected at Wayne Avenue and Sligo Creek Parkway, the school was renamed Montgomery Blair High School . In 1998, the school was moved again, to
1995-458: The city. HUAC also questioned her in a manner to discredit the all-but-defeated the Progressive Party from the 1948 election: Mr. Velde: As to the Communist Party connection with the Progressive Party, could you describe that briefly? Mrs. Markward: The Progressive Party? Mr. Velde: Yes. Was the Progressive Party infiltrated by the Communist Party after it was organized, or was
2052-499: The documentary film Next Stop: Silver Spring . In May 2019, Peterson announced a $ 10 million renovation of the Downtown Silver Spring development that will include public art and a new outdoor plaza, featuring green space. Downtown Silver Spring hosts several entertainment, musical, and ethnic festivals, the most notable of which are the Silverdocs documentary film festival held each June and hosted by Discovery Communications and
2109-601: The engagement, fleeing Confederate soldiers razed Montgomery Blair's Falkland residence. At the time, there was a community called Sligo located at the intersection of the Washington-Brookeville Turnpike and the Washington-Colesville-Ashton Turnpike, now named Georgia Avenue and Colesville Road. Sligo included a tollhouse, a store, a post office, and a few homes. The communities of Woodside , Forest Glen , and Linden were founded after
2166-597: The headquarters of the Seventh-day Adventist Church , the Food and Drug Administration , and the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community in the U.S. Four major creeks run through Silver Spring: from west to east, they are Rock Creek , Sligo Creek , Long Branch, and Northwest Branch . Each is surrounded by parks offering hiking trails, playgrounds, picnic areas, and tennis courts. On weekends, roads are closed in
2223-556: The income she received as an undercover agent. She died on November 23, 1972, in Silver Spring, Maryland , at age 50. She was buried in Baltimore National Cemetery . On the stand on July 11, 1951, Markward would name or confirm names mentioned by HUAC, as follows: Mr. Tavenner: Will you give us the names of those who served with you from time to time as members of the district board? Mrs. Markward: Al Lannon
2280-549: The parks for bicycling and walking. Northwest Branch Park also includes the Rachel Carson Greenway Trail, named after Rachel Carson , the author of Silent Spring and a former resident of the area. It continues north to Wheaton Regional Park , in Greater Silver Spring, which is home to the 50-acre (20 ha) Brookside Gardens . The 14.5-acre (5.9 ha) Jessup Blair Park, south of downtown, has
2337-452: The people on those committees were to see that the Progressive Party did function. Mr. Velde: Did any of the funds of the Communist Party go into the campaign of the Progressive Party? Mrs. Markward: I don't know one way or another. Mr. Velde: In Maryland? Mrs. Markward: I don't know. Her accusation of Annie Lee Moss is the most remembered; Moss categorically denied membership or collusion with communists. Moss claimed that she
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2394-463: The photograph to be part of the continuum of action that leads to the display of the photograph and thus also protected by the First Amendment." The incident was part of a trend in the United States regarding the blurring of public and private spaces in developments built with both public and private funds. In 2008, construction began on the long-planned Intercounty Connector (ICC), which crosses
2451-575: The population (12.3% Salvadoran , 3.71% Guatemalan , 2.83% Mexican ). Like much of the Washington metropolitan area , Silver Spring is home to many people of Ethiopian ancestry. There were 28,603 households, out of which 27.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.6% were married couples living together, 11.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 45.2% were non-families. 33.6% of all households were made up of individuals living alone, and 16.5% had someone living alone who
2508-475: The population was Other (Hispanic), 7.12% of the population was Asian (Non-Hispanic), 6.68% of the population was White (Hispanic), 3.16% was Multiracial (Non-Hispanic), 1.08% was Multiracial (Hispanic), 0.47% was Black or African American (Hispanic), 0.29% was Asian (Hispanic), and 0.19% was American Indian & Alaska Native (Hispanic). 28% of the population identified as Hispanic. As of 2019, 36.5% of Silver Spring residents (29,800 people) were born outside of
2565-467: The reopening of the Silver Theatre, as AFI Silver , under the auspices of the American Film Institute . Beginning in 2004, the downtown redevelopment was marketed locally with the "silver sprung" advertising campaign, which declared on buses and in print ads that Silver Spring had "sprung" and was ready for business. In June 2007, The New York Times noted that downtown was "enjoying a renaissance,
2622-416: The request of developer William Alexander Julian . The Silver Spring Shopping Center was one of the nation's first retail spaces with a street-front parking lot, defying conventional wisdom that merchandise should be in windows closest to the street so that people could see it. The shopping center was purchased in 1944 by real estate developer Sam Eig , who helped attract large retailers to the city. Before
2679-493: The same given name or the same family name . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change that link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Markward&oldid=1156940839 " Categories : Given names Surnames Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description is different from Wikidata All set index articles Mary Stalcup Markward She
2736-466: The street in question, Ellsworth Drive, "constitutes a public forum" and that the First Amendment 's protection of free speech applies there. In an eight-page letter, Rodriguez wrote, "Although the courts have not definitively resolved the issue of whether the taking, as opposed to the display, of photographs is a protected expressive act, we think it is likely that a court would consider the taking of
2793-415: The time, are tied to Silver Spring's history. In 1840, Francis Preston Blair , who later helped organize the modern Republican Party , along with his daughter, Elizabeth, discovered a spring flowing with chips of mica believed to be the now-dry spring visible at Acorn Park . Blair was looking for a site for his summer home to escape the summer heat of Washington, D.C. Two years later, Blair completed
2850-584: The time. By the 1950s, Silver Spring was the second-busiest retail market between Baltimore and Richmond ; major retailers included the Hecht Company , J.C. Penney , and Sears, Roebuck and Company . In 1954, the 1842 Blair mansion "Silver Spring" was razed and replaced with the Blair Station post office. 1960 saw the opening of Wheaton Plaza, later called Westfield Wheaton , a shopping center several miles north of downtown Silver Spring. It captured much of
2907-406: The town's business, and the downtown area began a long period of decline. On December 19, 1961, a two-mile (3.2 km) segment of the Capital Beltway (I-495) was opened to traffic between Georgia Avenue (MD 97) and University Boulevard East (MD 193) . On August 17, 1964, the final segment of the 64-mile (103 km) Beltway was opened to traffic, and a ribbon-cutting ceremony was held near
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#17328456367682964-497: The upper reaches of Silver Spring. The highway's first section opened on February 21, 2011; the entire route was completed by 2012. In July 2010, the Silver Spring Civic Building and Veterans Plaza opened in downtown Silver Spring. Between 2015 and 2016, the long-struggling City Place Mall was renovated and reopened as Ellsworth Place The old B&O Passenger Station was restored between 2000 and 2002, as recorded in
3021-501: Was 45.7% White (7.8% German , 7.0% Irish , 5.7% English ), 27.8% Black or African American (5.2% Ethiopian , 1.1% Haitian ), 0.6% American Indian and Alaska Native , 7.9% Asian (2.35% Indian , 1.74% Vietnamese , 1.32% Chinese , 0.63% Korean ), 0.1% Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander , and 13.2% "Some Other Race" (SOR). 4.8% of the CDP's residents self-identified as being members of two or more races . Hispanic or Latino residents "of any race" comprised 26.3% of
3078-461: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 3.21. In the census area, the population was spread out, with 21.4% under the age of 18, 9.4% from 18 to 24, 37.1% from 25 to 44, 23.8% from 45 to 64, and 8.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33.8 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.9 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.2 males. The median income for
3135-503: Was a victim of mistaken identity; that she was not the only person in Washington named Annie Lee Moss, and the communist Markward identified was a different Annie Lee Moss. However, files declassified years later confirmed Markward's identification as accurate. Mary Stalcup Markward contracted multiple sclerosis early in her life, which caused her to retire from the FBI. Later, FBI officials refused to acknowledge her, and retroactively taxed
3192-716: Was born as Mary R. Stalcup to Maria and Benjamin Stalcup on February 10, 1922. Benjamin Stalcup worked as a government bookbinder. Mary lived in Fairfax County, Virginia , and was recruited by the FBI in 1943, just a week after her wedding. Her husband, George A. Markward (1912–1969), had been sent to Europe to fight in World War II . Markward was working in a beauty shop on Massachusetts Avenue. She may have been approached to spy because several of her clients were thought to be Communists by
3249-405: Was the chairman while he was here. He was replaced by Phil Frankfeld ... She also named Sheppard Carl Thierman and Annie Lee Moss . Silver Spring, Maryland Silver Spring is a census-designated place (CDP) in southeastern Montgomery County, Maryland , United States, near Washington, D.C. Although officially unincorporated , it is an edge city with a population of 81,015 at
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