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37-563: Marind may refer to: Marind people Marind languages Marind language Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Marind . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marind&oldid=932981145 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

74-502: A characteristic form here: these mythological ancestors were demon -like figures, they featured in myths, and acted as culture heroes , arranging the ancient world to its then recent state, introducing plants, animals, cultural goods. They often had the form of plants or animals; there was a kind of totemism , but it was not accompanied by a regular food taboo of the respective animal or plant. Totems could appear both in artefacts and myths. The word for such an ancestral spirit being

111-775: A few members shoulder most of the responsibility to meet expenses for the family's basic needs. An estimated 49 million Americans (16.1% of the total population) live in homes comprising three or more generations, up from 42 million in 2000. This situation is similar in Western Europe. Another 34 percent live within a kilometer of their children. In many cultures, such as in those of Asians , Middle Easterners , Africans , Indigenous peoples like Native Americans and Pacific Islanders , and Latin Americans and Caribbeans , even for Eastern Europeans and Southern Europeans (Orthodox/ Catholic countries ), extended families are

148-442: A householder, the householder's children, and the householder's grandchildren. That is 65 percent of multigenerational family households in the U.S. So it is twice as common for a grandparent to be the householder than for adult children to bring parents into their home. The increase in the number of multigenerational households has created complex legal issues, such as who in the household has authority to consent to police searches of

185-575: A nuclear family does not. The number of multigenerational households has been steadily rising because of the economic hardships people are experiencing today. According to the AARP, multigenerational households have increased from 5 million in 2000 to 6.2 million in 2008. "There's no question that with some ethnicities that are growing in America, it is more mainstream and traditional to have multigenerational households. We're going to see that increasing in

222-414: A stronger family connection. This allows individual nuclear families to connect with extended family members. Where families consist of multiple generations living together, the family is usually headed by the elders. More often than not, it consists of grandparents, their sons, and their sons' families in patriarchal and especially patrilineal societies. Extended families make discussions together and solve

259-463: A wider pool of members to serve as resources during a crisis, and more role models to help perpetuate desired behavior and cultural values. However, even in cultures in which adults are expected to leave home after marriage to begin their own nuclear-based households, the extended family often forms an important support network offering similar advantages. Particularly in working-class communities, grown children tend to establish their own households within

296-505: Is dema in the Marind languages . The material similarity of this word to “demon” is incidental. Each extended family keeps and transfers the tradition. It is especially the chore of the big men of the respective family. The influence of these big men does not go beyond their extended family. In the past, the Marind were famous for their headhunting , which was always aimed at other tribes. This

333-643: Is a family that extends beyond the nuclear family of parents and their children to include aunts, uncles, grandparents, cousins or other relatives, all living nearby or in the same household. Particular forms include the stem and joint families . In some circumstances, the extended family comes to live either with or in place of a member of the immediate family. These families include, in one household or close proximity, relatives in addition to an immediate family. An example would be an elderly parent who moves in with his or her children due to old age. In modern Western cultures dominated by immediate family constructs,

370-468: Is common for today's world to have older children in nuclear families to reach walking up to driving age ranges before meeting extended family members. Geographical isolation is common for middle-class families who move based on occupational opportunities while family branches "retain [their] basic independence". Some extended families hold family reunions or opportunities for gathering regularly, normally around holiday time frames, to reestablish and integrate

407-606: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Marind people The Marind-anim live in South Papua , Indonesia . They occupy a vast territory, which is situated on either side of the Bian River , from about 20 miles to the east of Merauke, up to the mouth of the Moeli River in the west (between Frederik Hendrik Island and the mainland; east of Yos Sudarso Island , mainly west of

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444-414: Is headed by a patriarch, usually the oldest male, who makes decisions on economic and social matters on behalf of the entire family. The patriarch's wife generally exerts control over the household, minor religious practices and often wields considerable influence in domestic matters. Family income flows into a common pool, from which resources are drawn to meet the needs of all members, which are regulated by

481-484: Is very important in times of economic hardship especially if there are children involved. Living in an extended family provides constant care for children and support for other members of the family as well. Analysis of the National Survey of Families and Households suggests there are differences between whites and other ethnic groups because of economic differences among racial groups: blacks and Latinos less often have

518-554: The Maro River (a small area goes beyond the Maro at its lower part, including Merauke ). The territory of the Marind tribe consists of a low-lying, deposited coastal area. This area is for the most part flooded in the wet season. The hinterland, which is situated somewhat higher, is intersected by a great number of rivers. Originally, either sago or coconut palm trees were planted, though stretches of bamboo could also be found. Mostly during

555-407: The progenitors of these families and are known as kin or "cousins". When one is born, they are born into two extended families, a kinship group of sometimes 70 people. The group traditionally acts as a cohesive unit, pooling resources and influence. The extended family also consists of spouses and siblings. This is in contrast to the two generational American nuclear family. Some scholars have used

592-404: The 20th century, Marind culture underwent major changes. The Dutch colonial administration forbade head hunting and ritual homosexuality, and also the rites in which many men had intercourse with one woman. These rituals accelerated the spread of the sexually transmitted diseases , in particular, granuloma inguinale (donovanosis) which erupted in a major epidemic from 1912 onwards. By this time

629-511: The Internet and social networking sites such as Facebook are now commonly used to retain contact and maintain these family ties. Particularly in the case of single-parent households, it can be helpful for extended family members to share a single household in order to share the burden of meeting expenses. On the other hand, sharing a household can present a disadvantage depending on the sizes and number of families involved, particularly when only

666-652: The Marind had already experienced a marked reduction of birth rates, mainly attributable to earlier introduction of gonorrhoea to the Pacific region. Thanks to the efforts of the Missionary of the Sacred Heart , Petrus Vertenten , the Dutch government was alerted about the critical situation of the Marind, who due to the spread of the disease and their own particular practices were now risking extinction. Christian missions and

703-660: The Swiss Paul Wirz  [ de ] , the German Hans Nevermann  [ de ] , and the Dutch cultural anthropologist Jan van Baal, who was the Governor of Netherlands New Guinea from 1953 until 1958. The Marind languages form a small family of the Trans–New Guinea language phylum. [REDACTED] Media related to Marind people at Wikimedia Commons Extended family An extended family

740-495: The U.S. Census Bureau, there were 2.7 million grandparents raising their grandchildren in 2009. The dramatic increase in grandparent-headed households has been attributed to many factors including parental substance abuse. In 2003, the number of U.S. "family groups" where one or more subfamilies live in a household (e.g. a householder's daughter has a child. The mother-child is a subfamily) was 79 million. Two-point-six million of U.S. multigenerational family households in 2000 had

777-577: The basic family unit. That is to say the modern western nuclear family is not the norm. Even in Western Europe , extended families (mostly of the stem type) were also clearly prevalent, England being a rare exception. In Britain and the United States, during the Industrial Revolution (approximately 1750 to 1900), more people lived in extended families than at any time before or since. It

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814-423: The case of traditional Romania , northeastern Thailand or Mesoamerican indigenous peoples. In these cases, the child who cares for the parents usually receives the house in addition to his or her own share of land and moveable property. Often, it has been presumed that extended family groups sharing a single household enjoy specific advantages, such as a greater sense of security and belonging due to sharing

851-480: The children of both, while other children will leave the house or remain in it, unmarried. The stem family is sometimes associated with inegalitarian inheritance practices, as in Japan and Korea , but the term has also been used in some contexts to describe a family type where parents live with a married child and his or her spouse and children, but the transfer of land and moveable property is more or less egalitarian, as in

888-425: The day of a girl's wedding, when after the ceremony she would have sex with her new partner's male kin before having sex with her husband. This ritualistic intercourse would take place during other times as well, such as after the woman has given birth. The Marind-anim were also famous for their form of ritualized homosexuality . Marind culture was researched by several ethnologists and missionaries. For example,

925-411: The economic resources that allow the kind of privatization that the nuclear family entails. Extended kinship, then, is a survival strategy in the face of economic difficulties. Being able to rely on not only two parents but grandparents, aunts, uncles, brothers, and sisters helps to create a support system which in turn brings families closer together. Living in an extended family provides many things that

962-706: The elderly, the old are now beginning to live longer than prior generations, which then may lead to generations mixing together. According to results of a study by Pew Research Center in 2010, approximately 50 million (nearly one in six) Americans, including rising numbers of seniors, live in households with at least two adult generations, and often three. It has become an ongoing trend for elderly generations to move in and live with their children, as they can give them support and help with everyday living. The main reasons cited for this shift are an increase in unemployment and slumped housing prices and arrival of new immigrants from Asian and South American countries. According to

999-661: The family home or private bedrooms. Besides the legal issues that multigenerational households could create, there are issues that may arise from households where the grandparents are the sole guardians. The Supporting Grandparents Raising Grandchildren Act was signed into law on July 7, 2018 after unanimously passing the U.S. House and Senate. It was first introduced in the Senate on May 10, 2017 by Senators Susan Collins (R-ME) and Bob Casey Jr. (D-PA). Out of this came The Supporting Grandparents Raising Grandchildren Advisory Council which will identify, promote, coordinate, and disseminate to

1036-472: The general population as well," says AARP's Ginzler. While high unemployment and housing foreclosures of the recession have played a key role in the trend, Pew Research Center exec VP and co-author of its multigenerational household study Paul Taylor said it has been growing over several decades, fueled by demographic and cultural shifts such as the rising number of immigrants and the rising average age of young-adult marriages. The importance of an extended family

1073-410: The heads of the family. In the early stages of the twentieth century, it was not very common to find many families with extended kin in their household, which may have been due to the idea that the young people in these times typically waited to establish themselves and start a household before they married and filled a home. As life expectancy becomes older and programs such as Social Security benefit

1110-407: The introduction of schools to assimilate the people to western culture also resulted in major changes in Marind culture. Jan van Baal  [ nl ] (1909-1992), a Dutch social anthropologist who worked among the Marind, wrote in the early 1980s that traditional Marind culture was gone. The Marind languages form a small family of the Trans–New Guinea language phylum. Traditionally,

1147-600: The problem. Historically, for generations South Asia had a prevailing tradition of the joint family system or undivided family . The joint family system is an extended family arrangement prevalent throughout the Indian subcontinent , particularly in India , consisting of many generations living in the same home, all bound by the common relationship. A patrilineal joint family consists of an older man and his wife, his sons and unmarried daughters, his sons' wives and children. The family

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1184-404: The public information, resources, and the best practices available to help grandparents and other older relatives both meet the needs of the children in their care and maintain their own physical and mental health and emotional well-being. Mexican society is composed of three-generational units consisting of grandparents, children, and grandchildren. Further close relationships are maintained with

1221-472: The same general area as their parents, aunts, uncles, and grandparents. These extended family members tend to gather often for family events and to feel responsible for helping and supporting one another, both emotionally and financially. While contemporary families may be considered more mobile in general than in the past, sociologists find that this has not necessarily resulted in the disintegration of extended family networks. Rather, technological aids such as

1258-404: The social structure of the Marind was characterised by a clan system. The Marind tribe was also divided into two halves, called moities , each consisting of several patrilineal clans, called boans. The boans were further divided into subclans. People lived spread out in several extended families . Such an extended family derived its origin from a mythological ancestor. Ancestor veneration had

1295-828: The term "grand-family" to describe the close relationship between grandparents, children, and grandchildren in Mexican society. Larissa A. Lomnitz and Marisol Perez-Lizaur, for example, describe the grand-family as "the basic unit of family solidarity in Mexico", where basic family obligations between grandparents, children, and grandchildren include "economic support, participation in family rituals, and social recognition". The relative economic deprivation of racial and ethnic minorities leads to higher levels of extended family involvement; primarily because blacks and Latinos have less money and education than whites, they are more likely to give and receive help from kin. Having family on which one can rely

1332-498: The term has come to be used generically to refer to grandparents, uncles, aunts, and cousins, whether they live together within the same household or not. However, it may also refer to a family unit in which several generations live together within a single household. In some cultures, the term is used synonymously with consanguineous family . A stem family is a kind of extended family, first discussed by Frédéric Le Play . Parents will live with one child and his/her spouse, as well as

1369-640: Was rooted in their belief system and linked to the name-giving of the newborn. The skull was believed to contain a mana -like force. From the 1870s to around 1910, the Boigu , Dauan and Saibai people, along with neighbouring Papuan peoples, were being harassed by thugeral "warriors" from the Marind-anim. In literature dealing with the period, these people are generally termed 'Tuger' or 'Tugeri'. The Marind-anim are also notable for their sexual culture. Ritual intercourse (otiv-bombari) with women would take place on

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