Marius is a male name, a Roman family name , and a modern surname .
28-640: Marianus is a male name, formerly an ancient Roman family name, derived from Marius . Marianus may refer to: Marianus of Auxerre (died 462 or 473), French monk and saint Marianus Scotus of Mainz (1028–1082 or 83), otherwise Máel Brigte (Devotee of St. Brigid), Irish monk and chronicler Marianus Scotus of Regensburg (died circa 1088), Irish monk, abbot of St. Peter's at Regensburg Marianus II of Cagliari (died 1130), also known as Torchitorio II, Judge of Cagliari from c. 1102 to his death Marianus of Florence (died 1523), Friar Minor, historian, and chronicler of
56-452: A gens ( / ɡ ɛ n s / or / dʒ ɛ n z / , Latin: [gẽːs] ; pl. : gentes [ˈgɛnteːs] ) was a family consisting of individuals who shared the same nomen gentilicium and who claimed descent from a common ancestor. A branch of gens, sometimes identified by a distinct cognomen , was called a stirps ( pl. : stirpes ). The gens was an important social structure at Rome and throughout Italia during
84-456: A gens and acquire its nomen. A libertus , or " freedman ", usually assumed the nomen (and sometimes also the praenomen) of the person who had manumitted him, and a naturalized citizen usually took the name of the patron who granted his citizenship . Freedmen and newly enfranchised citizens were not technically part of the gentes whose names they shared, but within a few generations it often became impossible to distinguish their descendants from
112-568: A gens being admitted to the patriciate prior to the first century BC was when the Claudii were added to the ranks of the patricians after coming to Rome in 504 BC, five years after the establishment of the Republic. Numerous sources describe two classes amongst the patrician gentes, known as the gentes maiores , or major gentes, and the gentes minores , or minor gentes. No definite information has survived concerning which families were numbered amongst
140-471: A gens voluntarily left or were expelled from the patriciate, along with their descendants. In some cases, gentes that must originally have been patrician, or which were so regarded during the early Republic, were later known only by their plebeian descendants. By the first century BC, the practical distinction between the patricians and the plebeians was largely symbolic, with only a few priesthoods and ceremonial offices restricted to patricians. However, such
168-419: A limited number of personal names , or praenomina , the selection of which helped to distinguish members of one gens from another. Sometimes different branches of a gens would vary in their names of choice. The most conservative gentes would sometimes limit themselves to three or four praenomina, while others made regular use of six or seven. There were two main reasons for this limited selection: first, it
196-410: A state within a state, governed by its own elders and assemblies, following its own customs, and carrying out its own religious rites. Certain cults were traditionally associated with specific gentes. The gentile assemblies had the responsibility of adoption and guardianship for their members. If a member of a gens died intestate and without immediate family, his property was distributed to the rest of
224-658: Is one of the oldest manuscript witnesses to the Old Church Slavonic language Doctor Marianus disambiguation page Mariana (disambiguation) Mariani (disambiguation) Mariano Marianum Marinus disambiguation page Merianus References [ edit ] ^ Mike Campbell. "Meaning, Origin and History of the Name Marianus" . Behind the Name . Retrieved 2010-05-17 . [REDACTED] Name list This page or section lists people that share
252-499: The Fabia gens alone were able to field a militia consisting of three hundred and six men of fighting age. The concept of the gens was not uniquely Roman, but was shared with communities throughout Italy, including those who spoke Italic languages such as Latin , Oscan , and Umbrian as well as the Etruscans , whose language was unrelated. All of these peoples were eventually absorbed into
280-530: The Franciscan Order Marianus Brockie (1687–1755), Benedictine monk Marianus of Arborea Marianus I of Arborea (died 1070), the Judge of Arborea from 1060 to his death Marianus II of Arborea (died 1297), the Judge of Arborea from 1241 to his death Marianus III of Arborea (died 1321), the sole Judge of Arborea from 1308 to his death Marianus IV of Arborea (1329–1376),
308-427: The Judge of Arborea from 1347 to his death Marianus V of Arborea (1378–1407), the Judge of Arborea from 1387 until his death Marianus of Torres Marianus I of Torres (died 1082?), the Judge of Logudoro from 1073 until c. 1082 Marianus II of Torres (died 1233), the Judge of Logudoro from 1218 until his death See also [ edit ] Codex Marianus , Glagolitic fourfold Gospel Book that
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#1732852713562336-540: The Republic, it is not entirely certain which gentes were considered patrician and which plebeian. However, a series of laws promulgated in 451 and 450 BC as the Twelve Tables attempted to codify a rigid distinction between the classes, formally excluding the plebeians from holding any of the major magistracies from that time until the passage of the Lex Licinia Sextia in 367 BC. Another law promulgated as part of
364-519: The ancient Romans, including the emperors. The word gens is sometimes translated as "race", or "nation", meaning a people descended from a common ancestor (rather than sharing a common physical trait). It can also be translated as "clan", "kin", or "tribe", although the word tribus has a separate and distinct meaning in Roman culture. A gens could be as small as a single family, or could include hundreds of individuals. According to tradition, in 479 BC
392-468: The gens. The decisions of a gens were theoretically binding on all of its members. However, no public enactment is recorded as having been passed by the assembly of a gens. As a group, the gentes had considerable influence on the development of Roman law and religious practices, but comparatively little influence on the political and constitutional history of Rome. Certain gentes were considered patrician, and others plebeian. According to tradition,
420-499: The gentes maiores, or even how many there were. However, they almost certainly included the Aemilii , Claudii , Cornelii , Fabii , Manlii , and Valerii . Nor is it certain whether this distinction was of any practical importance, although it has been suggested that the princeps senatus , or speaker of the Senate , was usually chosen from their number. For the first several decades of
448-805: The name Marius is a common given name in Romania, Norway, and Lithuania. The name is also used in the Philippines, France, Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, and South Africa. The Greek name Marios (Μάριος), the Italian and Spanish name Mario , the Polish name Mariusz , the Portuguese name Mário and the Catalan name Màrius are all derived from Marius. Notable people with the name include: Gens In ancient Rome ,
476-409: The orders over the next two centuries. Certain patrician families regularly opposed the sharing of power with the plebeians, while others favoured it, and some were divided. Many gentes included both patrician and plebeian branches. These may have arisen through adoption or manumission, or when two unrelated families bearing the same nomen became confused. It may also be that individual members of
504-479: The original members. In practice this meant that a gens could acquire new members and even new branches, either by design or by accident. Different branches or stirpes of a gens were usually distinguished by their cognomina , additional surnames following the nomen, which could be either personal or hereditary. Some particularly large stirpes themselves became divided into multiple branches, distinguished by additional cognomina. Most gentes regularly employed
532-409: The patricians were descended from the "city fathers", or patres ; that is, the heads of the family at the time of its foundation by Romulus , the first King of Rome . Other noble families which came to Rome during the time of the kings were also admitted to the patriciate, including several who emigrated from Alba Longa after that city was destroyed by Tullus Hostilius . The last known instance of
560-459: The period of the Roman Republic . Much of individuals' social standing depended on the gens to which they belonged. Certain gentes were classified as patrician , others as plebeian ; some had both patrician and plebeian branches. The importance of the gens as a social structure declined considerably in imperial times , although the gentilicium continued to define the origins and dynasties of
588-490: The same given name . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change that link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marianus&oldid=1231001701 " Categories : Given names Latin masculine given names Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description is different from Wikidata All set index articles Marius (name) The name Marius
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#1732852713562616-457: The sphere of Roman culture. The oldest gentes were said to have originated before the foundation of Rome (traditionally 753 BC), and claimed descent from mythological personages as far back as the time of the Trojan War (traditionally ended 1184 BC ). However, the establishment of the gens cannot long predate the adoption of hereditary surnames. The nomen gentilicium , or "gentile name",
644-462: The tables forbade the intermarriage of patricians and plebeians, but this was repealed after only a few years, by the Lex Canuleia in 445 BC. Despite the formal reconciliation of the orders in 367, the patrician houses, which as time passed represented a smaller and smaller percentage of the Roman populace, continued to hold on to as much power as possible, resulting in frequent conflict between
672-587: Was because of traditions concerning disgraced or dishonoured members of the gens bearing a particular name. For example, the Junia gens avoided the praenomina Titus and Tiberius after two members with these names were executed for treason. A similar instance supposedly led the assembly of the Manlia gens to forbid its members from bearing the praenomen Marcus , although this prohibition does not seem to have been strictly observed. In theory, each gens functioned as
700-443: Was its distinguishing feature, for a Roman citizen's nomen indicated his membership in a gens. The nomen could be derived from any number of things, such as the name of an ancestor, a person's occupation, physical appearance, character, or town of origin. Because some of these things were fairly common, it was possible for unrelated families to bear the same nomen, and over time to become confused. Persons could be adopted into
728-490: Was their prestige that, beginning with the administration of Caesar , and continuing into imperial times, a number of families were raised to the patriciate, replacing older families that had become extinct or faded into obscurity, and which were no longer represented in the Roman senate . By the third century, the distinction between patricians and plebeians had lost its relevance. The emperor Constantine and his successors revived
756-552: Was traditional to pass down family names from one generation to the next; such names were always preferred. Second, most patrician families limited themselves to a small number of names as a way of distinguishing themselves from the plebeians, who often employed a wider variety of names, including some that were seldom used by the patricians. However, several of the oldest and most noble patrician houses frequently used rare and unusual praenomina. Certain families also deliberately avoided particular praenomina. In at least some cases, this
784-616: Was used by members of the Roman gens Maria . It is thought to be derived from either the Roman war god Mars or from the Latin root mas or maris meaning "male". It may also derive from the Latin word mare meaning "sea", the plural of which is maria . In Christian times, it was syncretized as a masculine form of the unrelated feminine given name Maria , from the Hebrew Miriam , Aramaic variant Mariam , and used alongside it. Today,
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