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37-1079: Maria Pia may refer to: People [ edit ] Princess Maria Pia of Savoy (1847–1911), married to Luís I of Portugal Princess Maria Pia of Bourbon-Two Sicilies (1849–1882) , married to Robert I, Duke of Parma Princess Maria Pia delle Grazie of Two Sicilies (1878–1973), married to Prince Luiz of Orléans-Braganza Princess Maria Pia of Bourbon-Parma (born 1934), married to Prince Alexander of Yugoslavia Princess Maria-Pia of Liechtenstein (born 1960), daughter of Prince Karl Alfred and Archduchess Agnes Christina of Austria Maria Pia of Saxe-Coburg and Braganza (1907-1995), claimed to be an illegitimate daughter of King Carlos I of Portugal María Pia Ayora (born 1962), Peruvian swimmer Maria-Pia Boëthius (born 1947), Swedish journalist, novelist, nonfiction writer and activist Maria Pia Calzone (born 1967), Italian actress Maria Pia Casilio (1935–2012), Italian actress Maria Pia Conte (born 1944), Italian former actress María Pía Copello (born 1977), host of

74-447: A divorce , which was quite the double—standard considering she was well aware of Luís’ affairs. Maria Pia also maintained a rocky relationship with her father-in-law Ferdinand II of Portugal , disapproving his morganatic marriage to an opera singer. Her son Carlos and his wife, Amélie, had a son named Luís Filipe, who was very close to his grandmother. Tragically they also conceived a premature daughter named Maria Ana who lived for

111-419: A few hours. She expressed her sympathy, describing her lost granddaughter as “Very small, but perfect and beautiful, with well-defined features.” King Luís died on 19 October 1889 and Maria Pia became queen dowager . She remained very active and continued with her social projects while holding a dominating position at court. She served as regent during the absence of the king and queen abroad. The queen dowager

148-512: A government in office against the will of Parliament. As a result, while the wording of the Statuto Albertino stipulating that ministers were solely responsible to the crown remained unchanged, in practice they were now responsible to Parliament. Victor Emmanuel died in Rome in 1878, after meeting with the envoys of Pope Pius IX , who had reversed the excommunication, and received last rites . He

185-617: A railway bridge in Porto, Portugal Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Maria Pia . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maria_Pia&oldid=1236207500 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Human name disambiguation pages Disambiguation pages with given-name-holder lists Hidden categories: Short description

222-554: A secret meeting with the French emperor. In 1858, they met at Plombières-les-Bains (in Lorraine ), where they agreed that if the French were to help Piedmont in its war against Austria, which still reigned over the Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia in northern Italy, France would be awarded Nice and Savoy . The Italo-French campaign against Austria in 1859 started successfully. However, sickened by

259-707: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Maria Pia of Savoy Maria Pia was the youngest daughter of Victor Emmanuel II , the first King of Italy , by his wife Adelaide of Austria , a great-granddaughter of Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor . Her sister Maria Clotilde was the "princesse Napoléon" as the wife of Napoléon Joseph Charles Paul Bonaparte , and her brothers were King Umberto I of Italy and King Amadeo of Spain . Additionally, she had paternal half-siblings born out of wedlock , who were never recognized as royalty despite their rich heritage . Maria Pia married King Luís I of Portugal on 6 October 1862 at

296-537: Is universal agreement that Victor Emmanuel is an imbecile; he is a dishonest man who tells lies to everyone; at this rate, he will end up losing his crown and ruining both Italy and his dynasty." In 1870, after two failed attempts by Garibaldi, he also took advantage of the Prussian victory over France in the Franco-Prussian War to capture Rome after the French withdrew. He entered Rome on 20 September 1870 and set up

333-789: The Crimean War ; the deployment of Italian troops to the Crimea, and the gallantry shown by them in the Battle of the Chernaya (16 August 1855) and in the siege of Sevastopol led the Kingdom of Sardinia to be among the participants at the peace conference at the end of the war, where it could address the issue of the Italian unification to other European powers. This allowed Victor Emmanuel to ally himself with Napoleon III , Emperor of France. France had supported Sardinia in

370-536: The Marche and Umbria after the victorious battle of Castelfidardo (1860) over the Papal forces. The king subsequently met with Garibaldi at Teano , receiving from him the control of southern Italy. Another series of plebiscites in the occupied lands resulted in the proclamation of Victor Emmanuel as the first King of Italy by the new Parliament of unified Italy , on 17 March 1861. He did not renumber himself after assuming

407-680: The Second Italian War of Independence , resulting in liberating Lombardy from Austrian rule. Victor Emmanuel supported the Expedition of the Thousand (1860–1861) led by Giuseppe Garibaldi , which resulted in the rapid fall of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies in southern Italy. However, Victor Emmanuel halted Garibaldi when he appeared ready to attack Rome , still under the Papal States , as it

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444-823: The 1910 coup that deposed Maria Pia’s grandson, Manuel II , and established the republic in Portugal , the whole Portuguese royal family was exiled. King Manuel and Queen Amélie went to England, while Maria Pia and Infante Afonso went to her native Italy . She died there on 5 July the following year, in Stupinigi , and was interred in the Basilica of Superga . [REDACTED] Media related to Maria Pia of Savoy at Wikimedia Commons Victor Emmanuel II of Italy Victor Emmanuel II ( Italian : Vittorio Emanuele II ; full name: Vittorio Emanuele Maria Alberto Eugenio Ferdinando Tommaso di Savoia ; 14 March 1820 – 9 January 1878)

481-471: The Italian unification in his own right. Victor Emmanuel II soon became the symbol of the " Risorgimento ", the Italian unification movement of the 1850s and early 60s. He was especially popular in the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia because of his respect for the new constitution and his liberal reforms. Following Victor Emmanuel's advice, Cavour joined Britain and France in the Crimean War against Russia. Cavour

518-982: The Peruvian television program Maria Pia & Timoteo Maria Pia De Vito (born 1960), Italian jazz singer, composer, and arranger Maria Pia Di Meo (born 1939), Italian actress Maria Pia D'Orlando (born 1934), Italian long distance runner Maria Pia Fanfani (born 1957), Italian photographer, writer and humanitarian worker Maria Pia Fanti (born 1957), Italian control theorist María Pía Fernández (born 1995), Uruguayan middle distance runner Maria Pia Fusco (1939–2016), Italian screenwriter Maria Pia Garavaglia (born 1947), Italian politician Maria-Pia Geppert (1907–1997), German mathematician Maria Pia Mastena (1881–1951), Italian religious sister and Blessed María Pia van Oordt , Peruvian sailor María Pía Shaw (born 1979), Argentine journalist Maria-Pia Victoria-Feser (born 1965), Swiss statistician Other uses [ edit ] Maria Pia Bridge ,

555-538: The Pope into Vatican City . His success at these goals led him to be excommunicated from the Catholic Church until 1878 when it was lifted just before his death. Then, Giuseppe Garibaldi conquered Sicily and Naples, and Piedmont-Sardinia grew even larger. On 17 March 1861, the Kingdom of Italy was officially established and Victor Emmanuel II became its king. Victor Emmanuel supported Giuseppe Garibaldi 's Expedition of

592-624: The Portuguese parliament discussed her expenses, she replied saying "if you want a Queen, you have to pay for her". As Queen, she was largely responsible for the interiors of the Ajuda Royal Palace in Lisbon, still used to this day for banquets during state visits by foreign heads of state. Maria Pia did not involve herself in politics, but in a conflict with João Carlos Saldanha de Oliveira Daun, 1st Duke of Saldanha in 1870, she stated: "If I were

629-412: The Thousand (1860–1861), which resulted in the rapid fall of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies in southern Italy. However, the king halted Garibaldi when he appeared ready to attack Rome, still under the Papal States , as it was under French protection. In 1860, through local plebiscites, Tuscany, Modena, Parma and Romagna decided to side with Piedmont-Sardinia. Victor Emmanuel then marched victoriously in

666-599: The age of 14 in the São Domingos Church in Lisbon, therefore she instantly became Queen consort of Portugal . A proxy wedding took place about a week before on September 27, 1862 with her cousin Prince Eugene of Savoy taking the role of the groom. On the 29th, Maria boarded a ship at Genoa to visit her new homeland. The ship sailed into Lisbon on 5 October. Obviously Maria was smitten with Luís, as she later wrote "I like him more than his picture." One year after

703-554: The casualties of the war and worried about the mobilisation of Prussian troops, Napoleon III secretly made a treaty with Franz Joseph of Austria at Villafranca whereby Piedmont would only gain Lombardy . France did not as a result receive the promised Nice and Savoy, but Austria did keep Venetia , a major setback for the Piedmontese, in no small part because the treaty had been prepared without their knowledge. After several quarrels about

740-564: The control of southern Italy and becoming the first King of Italy on 17 March 1861. In 1866, the Third Italian War of Independence allowed Italy to annex Veneto . In 1870, Victor Emmanuel also took advantage of the Prussian victory over France in the Franco-Prussian War to conquer the Papal States after the French withdrew. He entered Rome on 20 September 1870 and set up the new capital there on 2 July 1871. He died in Rome in 1878, and

777-509: The eldest son of Charles Albert, Prince of Carignano , and Maria Theresa of Austria , he fought in the First Italian War of Independence (1848–1849) before being made King of Sardinia following his father's abdication. He appointed Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour , as his Prime Minister, and he consolidated his position by suppressing the republican left. In 1855, he sent an expeditionary corps to side with French and British forces during

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814-478: The fresh start that the Italian people wanted and suggested that Piedmont-Sardinia had taken over the Italian Peninsula, rather than unifying it. Despite this mishap, the remainder of Victor Emmanuel II's reign was consumed by wrapping up loose ends and dealing with economic and cultural issues. His role in day-to-day governing gradually dwindled, as it became increasingly apparent that a king could no longer keep

851-419: The king, I would have you shot!" Over the years, Luís began to indulge in several extramarital affairs . Despite her husband’s apparent wandering eye, Maria Pia remained faithful to her husband, therefore causing her a great deal of depression . It is speculated that she too had an affair with Tomás de Sousa Rosa but this was never confirmed, and may have just been some mean-spirited gossip most likely out of

888-469: The military, and sports. In 1842, he married his cousin, Adelaide of Austria . He was styled as the Duke of Savoy prior to becoming King of Sardinia. He took part in the First Italian War of Independence (1848–1849) under his father, King Charles Albert, fighting in the front line at the battles of Pastrengo , Santa Lucia, Goito and Custoza . He became King of Sardinia in 1849 when his father abdicated

925-439: The mouth of Infanta Antónia of Portugal , her sister-in-law. The rumors got around to the queen and she responded indignantly “They can talk until they explode.” Maria Pia and Antónia both generally disliked each other. This hatred grew to the point where Antónia would refer to the penultimate queen of Portugal as ‘x’ in her letters to Luís. Antónia strongly believed that Maria Pia was having an affair and urged Luís to pursue

962-470: The new capital there on 2 July 1871, after a temporary move to Florence in 1864. The new Royal residence was the Quirinal Palace . The rest of Victor Emmanuel II's reign was much quieter. After the Kingdom of Italy was established he decided to continue on as King Victor Emmanuel II instead of Victor Emmanuel I of Italy. This was a terrible move as far as public relations went as it was not indicative of

999-662: The new royal title, however. Turin became the capital of the new state. Only Lazio , Veneto , and Trentino remained to be conquered. In 1866 Victor Emmanuel allied himself with Prussia in the Third Italian War of Independence . Although not victorious in the Italian theatre, he managed to receive Veneto after the Austrian defeat in Germany. The British Foreign Secretary, Lord Clarendon, visited Florence in December 1867 and reported to London after talking to various Italian politicians: "There

1036-601: The outcome of the war, Cavour resigned, and the king had to find other advisors. France indeed only gained Nice and Savoy after the Treaty of Turin was signed in March 1860, after Cavour had been reinstalled as Prime Minister, and a deal with the French was struck for plebiscites to take place in the Central Italian Duchies. Later that same year, Victor Emmanuel II sent his forces to fight the papal army at Castelfidardo and drove

1073-460: The peace with Austria was accepted by the new Chamber of Deputies. In 1849, Victor Emmanuel also fiercely suppressed a revolt in Genoa , defining the rebels as a "vile and infected race of canailles." In 1852, he appointed Count Camillo Benso of Cavour ("Count Cavour") as Prime Minister of Piedmont-Sardinia. This turned out to be a wise choice since Cavour was a political mastermind and a major player in

1110-462: The queen was known to romp around with her sons and help with their studies, sometimes even studying alongside them. As Queen, Maria Pia was considered by some as extravagant, but far more for her many charitable works in aid of the Portuguese people. She was known by the Portuguese people as an "angel of charity" and "mother of the poor" for her compassion and work on social causes. At a masquerade ball in 1865, she changed her costume three times. When

1147-580: The throne, after being defeated by the Austrians at the Battle of Novara . Victor Emmanuel was immediately able to obtain a rather favourable armistice at Vignale by the Austrian imperial army commander, Radetzky . The treaty, however, was not ratified by the Piedmontese lower parliamentary house , the Chamber of Deputies, and Victor Emmanuel retaliated by firing his Prime Minister, Claudio Gabriele de Launay, replacing him with Massimo D'Azeglio . After new elections,

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1184-607: The wedding at age 15, Maria Pia gave birth to her first son and heir , Carlos, Duke of Braganza . Despite her young age she proved to be a wonderful mother. She wrote "my little Charles is good. Oh, it is such a great fortune to be a mother. My little one is white and pink with the large blue eyes of his father. It seems that he has already six months instead of a few weeks. He is always, always with me!" In 1865 she had another son, Afonso, Duke of Porto . Soon after her second pregnancy she experienced postpartum depression . Despite her waning health problems both physical and mental,

1221-668: Was King of Sardinia (also known as Piedmont-Sardinia) from 23 March 1849 until 17 March 1861, when he assumed the title of King of Italy and became the first king of an independent, united Italy since the 6th century, a title he held until his death in 1878. Borrowing from the old Latin title Pater Patriae of the Roman emperors , the Italians gave him the epithet of Father of the Fatherland ( Italian : Padre della Patria ). Born in Turin as

1258-579: Was buried in the Pantheon . The Italian national Victor Emmanuel II Monument in Rome, containing the Altare della Patria , was built in his honour. Victor Emmanuel was born as the eldest son of Carlo Alberto Prince of Carignano, and Maria Theresa of Austria . His father succeeded a distant cousin as King of Sardinia in 1831. He lived for some years of his youth in Florence and showed an early interest in politics,

1295-501: Was devastated after the assassination of her son King Carlos I of Portugal and grandson Crown Prince Luís Filipe, Duke of Braganza , on 1 February 1908 on the Praça do Comércio in Lisbon. During her last years in Portugal, she withdrew from the public eye. She was deeply saddened when her remaining grandson, King Manuel II of Portugal , was deposed by the 5 October 1910 Revolution . Due to

1332-461: Was reluctant to go to war due to the power of Russia at the time and the expense of doing so. Victor Emmanuel, however, was convinced of the rewards to be gained from the alliance created with Britain and, more importantly, France. After successfully seeking British support and ingratiating himself with France and Napoleon III at the Congress of Paris in 1856 at the end of the war, Count Cavour arranged

1369-524: Was under French protection. In 1860, Tuscany, Modena, Parma and Romagna decided to side with Sardinia, and Victor Emmanuel then marched victoriously in the Marche and Umbria after the victorious Battle of Castelfidardo over the Papal forces. This led to his excommunication from the Catholic Church until 1878, just before his death in the same year. He subsequently met Garibaldi at Teano , receiving from him

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