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30-438: The region was inhabited by several different aboriginal tribes before Europeans arrived including: Swampy Cree , Plains Cree , Assiniboine , and Saulteaux . The geography of the hills helped to demarcate the boundaries of the land controlled by different tribes, and the river valleys provided trade routes. The first European to explore the region was Henry Kelsey , who travelled with a group of Cree traders from York Fort to

60-496: A South Company 's post was set up on the opposite mouth of the River, where there are remains of a second post unaccounted for. Over the years a settlement grew and, in July 1907, an application was made to erect Etomami as a village; Etomami was a First Nations word that meant "a place that three rivers join." However, to establish a hamlet needed fifteen occupied dwelling houses. By August,

90-525: A bay off of Lake Agassiz. To the west lies Aspen Parkland which was a sparse deciduous forest until the 20th century, but today has been cleared to make way for farmland. To the south lies the Assiniboine and Souris River valleys, which were once covered by Lake Souris , which may have been a bay off of Lake Agassiz. South of this valley is the Pembina Escarpment , which also formed part of

120-583: A division of the Cree Nation occupying lands located in northern Manitoba , along the Saskatchewan River in northeastern Saskatchewan , along the shores of Hudson Bay and adjoining interior lands south and west as well as territories along the shores of Hudson and James Bay in Ontario . They are geographically and to some extent culturally split into two main groupings, and therefore speak two dialects of

150-653: A gun range. The park is along the Red Deer River at the junction of two other rivers, the Fir River and Etomami River . Hudson Bay is accessible by road and air. The town is at the junction of Highways #3 (east and west) and #9 (north and south). The Canadian National Railway has three lines including the Bay Route to the Port of Churchill. Highway 9, also known as Saskota Flyway , runs from Hudson Bay south to Northgate at

180-416: A land area of 17.38 km (6.71 sq mi), it had a population density of 80.7/km (209.1/sq mi) in 2021. Hudson Bay has a diverse economy based on forestry, agriculture, processing, and eco-tourism. Forestry has continued to be the major source of employment and economic generator over the years, and its community has shown itself to be capable of supporting existing world class industries in

210-599: A much sought after location for recreational snowmobiling. Tourists from across Canada and the United States visit Hudson Bay to experience its diverse, natural surroundings. An increasingly important industry is large game hunting in the area. Two kilometres south of town is the Hudson Bay Regional Park , which features a 9-hole golf course, camping, hiking, Red Deer Downs, a natural amphitheatre called "the Bowl", and

240-589: A water bomber base for forest protection. The airport, with a 5,000 foot runway and a 2,000 foot cross wind runway is able to accommodate almost any size of aircraft. A beacon and lights allow for night landing. There is one public school in the town of Hudson Bay, Hudson Bay Community School. It serves all the children of the town and surrounding areas. HBCS is a K-12 school. The enrolment is roughly 385 children. The HBCH/HBCS Riders football team have made it to 13 provincial final games in 6-man and 9-man football, most notably their six straight 9-man finals appearances in

270-514: A wide range of crops on over 175,000 cultivated acres (710 km ). Wizewood Products Ltd. established Canada's first waferboard plant in September 1961, this was taken over by MacMillan Bloedel and Powell River (Saskatchewan) Ltd. in 1965, followed by a $ 4 Million dollar expansion in 1968–69 making it the largest particle board complex in Canada. A $ 14.8 million expansion followed in 1983, and by 1995

300-664: Is appointed by the Councils of the town of Hudson Bay, the Rural Municipality of Hudson Bay #394 and the Hudson Bay Chamber of Commerce. The purpose of the Committee is to provide aid to local economic opportunities, striving to renew and revitalize the economic interest of the community and to examine and investigate all alternatives that are available. The Committee keeps an up-to-date list of local business opportunities as well as

330-733: The Manitoba border. The town is surrounded by the Rural Municipality of Hudson Bay No. 394 . In 1757, a Hudson's Bay Company fur trading post was established in the Hudson Bay District beside the Red Deer River . Ruins from the post have been found near the village of Erwood. In 1790, the North West Trading Company set up a trading post at the mouth of the Etomami River called Fort Red Deer River . Speculators think that

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360-641: The Red Deer River to encourage the aboriginal people there to trade with the Hudson's Bay Company . Throughout the 18th and 19th centuries, the fur trade brought many Europeans to the region who established trading posts and communities. In the 1890s, the Canadian Northern Railway built a line on the east side of the escarpment which was eventually terminated in the Red Deer River Valley at Erwood in 1900. The building of this railroad led to

390-583: The Swampy Cree language , which is an "n-dialect": In Manitoba, The Swampy Cree's first recorded contact with Europeans was in 1682 at the mouth of the Nelson and Hayes rivers in northern Manitoba by a Hudson's Bay Company party travelling about 100 mi (160 km) inland. In Ontario, contact with the Swampy Cree (Omuskegowuk) is in the early 1600s with Henry Hudson's arrival into James Bay. Historically,

420-649: The border with North Dakota and north to the Manitoba border near The Pas . West from Hudson Bay, Highway 3 heads to the Alberta border passing through Prince Albert and to the east Highway 3 heads to the border with Manitoba. Hudson Bay is a major railway junction with the railway running in three different directions. Via Rail provides scheduled passenger service at the Hudson Bay railway station . Hudson Bay Airport provides service for charter and local aircraft and serves

450-555: The Cree nations in the central part of the Cree continuum were classified by their relationship to Hudson Bay and James Bay: Lowland (Homeguard) Cree who were found along the coast, Lowland (Half-Homeguard) Cree who seasonally transitioned between the coast and the interior, and the Upland Cree in the deep interior who often were intermixed with the Ojibwe . West of these Lowland and Upland Cree were

480-630: The Lowlands and Uplands who speak the "n-Cree" dialect are called "Swampy Cree", but culturally Moose Cree (the Cree speaking the "l-dialect") and other peoples of the Upland including the Oji-Cree occasionally self-identify as being "Swampy Cree". Hudson Bay, Saskatchewan Hudson Bay is a town in the east-central part of the Canadian province of Saskatchewan , about 49 kilometres (30 mi) west of

510-612: The Woodland and Plains Cree. Linguistically, the Cree are divided by their general language features, where the Cree nations in the central part of the Cree continuum are classified as "th-Cree", "n-Cree" and "l-Cree", from west to east; Cree traditionally associated with the Woodland Cree make no distinction between "s" and "š", while the Lowland and Upland Cree do. Today, together with the "n-Cree" dialect-speaking Woodland Cree, those who live in

540-468: The composite school, it was built as a four-room schoolhouse out of cement block in a Georgian Classicism/American Colonial style. Today, the building houses the Hudson Bay Museum. In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada , Hudson Bay had a population of 1,403 living in 693 of its 782 total private dwellings, a change of -2.3% from its 2016 population of 1,436 . With

570-576: The district musical festival. Both the elementary and high school have active drama clubs which attend Provincial adjudications. The High School has a well-equipped fine arts wing which houses its drama area and stage and its arts department. Hudson Bay's active volunteer network provides a wide variety of cultural and artistic activities with the support of the Town of Hudson Bay and the School Division. The Hudson Bay Economic Development and Tourism Committee

600-532: The east of the range lie the Manitoba Lowlands, which consist of many interconnected lakes, including Lake Winnipegosis , Dauphin Lake , and Lake Manitoba . The lakes in this lowland region (with the largest being Lake Winnipeg ) are the last remnants of Lake Agassiz. To the north lies the Saskatchewan River , and its associated lowlands, which were once covered by prehistoric Lake Saskatchewan which may have been

630-478: The establishment of the forestry industry in this region, which overtook trapping as the main economic sector of the region. Throughout the 20th century, people began immigrating to the region to farm on the east and west sides of the range, and also in the river valleys. In Western Canada , it was common for settlers to arrange themselves by ethnicity to form Block Settlements , and in this area, most settlers were Ukrainian , Russian , or Polish . To

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660-575: The higher-elevated land to the west and the remaining portion of the ice sheet to the east, which steepened the slopes of the escarpment to give it the form it has today. The Pasquia and Porcupine Hills, and the Duck and Riding Mountains, did already exist before the ice age, but it was after the ice age that the eastern slopes were steepened into an escarpment. The forests of the hills are mixed, and consist of mainly aspen , poplar , spruce , and fir . Clusters of white birch are also prevalent. Drier parts of

690-751: The hills contain jack pines , while wetter parts contain tamarack . A dense layer of shrubs and herbs exists below the trees, and the forest floor is covered by mosses , ferns , and grass . The isolated nature of these hills means that many rare plant species can be found here. For example, the Hudson Bay, SK area has at least 6 species of rare violets and 21 species of rare orchids . Swampy Cree The Swampy Cree people, also known by their autonyms Néhinaw , Maskiki Wi Iniwak , Mushkekowuk, Maškékowak, Maskegon or Maskekon (and therefore also Muskegon and Muskegoes ) or by exonyms including West Main Cree, Lowland Cree , and Homeguard Cree , are

720-769: The late 80s-90s. Hudson Bay has a number of established groups whose mandates are to provide cultural and artistic opportunities for the residents of Hudson Bay and District. The Hudson Bay Allied Arts Council is very active in bringing professional performing artists to the Community. The forest, rivers, and lakes surrounding Hudson Bay provide inspirations for the members of the Hudson Bay Art Club. The active club organizes classes by professional artists for adults wishing to hone their skills and acquire new techniques. Choral groups and instrumental ensembles from Stewart Hawke Elementary School consistently bring home trophies from

750-481: The list was completed and the village was formed. Mr. B.F. Noble was the first "overseer" of the village. The post office was also established at that time. It was on the 100 block of Churchill Street. Then, in 1909, the Canadian Northern Railway Company chose the name Hudson Bay Junction and so the name was changed. During the early years, many difficulties were encountered in trying to maintain

780-583: The local economy with both Weyerhaeuser and C&C Wood Products operating within the area. Alfalfa is grown within the valley. Then dehydrated, it yields over 10,000 tonnes of alfalfa pellets annually for local sales and export. Wheat, Barley and Canola are also grown in the area. On May 8, 2008, a major coal discovery by Goldsource Mines Inc. sparked a land rush for coal prospecting permits. There have been many successful drill programs by such companies as Saturn Minerals, Wescan Goldfields Inc., North American Gem, and Westcore Drilling. Hudson Bay has become

810-448: The plant was operating as a joint venture between Macmillan Bloedel and Saskatchewan Forest Products Corporation (SFPC) under the name SaskFor. When SaskFor opened the new oriented strand board mill, the old waferboard plant was shut down. In 1999 Macmillan Bloedel bought-out its part taking over full control of SaskFor, that same year Macmillan Bloedel was taken over by Weyerhaeuser . Wood products continue to play an important role in

840-521: The production of plywood and oriented strand board. In 1979 Hudson Bay earned the title of Forestry Capital of Canada. In addition, with the abundance of wildlife in the area, it has also become known as the Moose Capital of the World. The vast tracts of untouched wilderness enable visitors to enjoy year round recreational pursuits. The nutrient rich soils which surround Hudson Bay have enabled farmers to produce

870-492: The shores of Lake Agassiz. The range is intersected by three rivers, whose valleys divide the range into four distinct sets of hills. The final form of the escarpment was not created until the end of the last ice age , between 9,000 and 10,000 years ago. During the ice age, much of North America was covered by the Laurentide Ice Sheet . As the ice sheet began to melt and recede, the meltwaters became trapped between

900-400: The village. It was even suggested at one time that it be disorganized but, as time moved on, things improved and the town continued to grow. The town was incorporated in 1946 and at the first council meeting, which was held in 1947, the town's name was shortened by dropping "Junction". The Hudson Bay School Building is a registered municipal heritage property. Originally built in 1910 to house

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