122-427: The Manila Light Rail Transit System , commonly known as the LRT , is an urban rail transit system that primarily serves Metro Manila , Philippines. Although categorized as a light rail system because it originally used light rail vehicles, it presently has characteristics of a rapid transit system, such as high passenger throughput, exclusive right-of-way, and later use of full metro rolling stock. The LRT
244-403: A 2006 article, the political scientist Ted Balaker and the urban planner Cecilia Juong Kim stated that public rail transit provides certain benefits for a community but also that the goals of policymakers are not often met. They also note some American economists claim that contrary to popular belief, rail transit has failed to improve the environment, serve the poor, or reduce highway congestion in
366-543: A Swiss firm (today Losinger Marazzi), and the Philippine subsidiary of the U.S.-based Dravo Corporation . The government appointed Electrowatt Engineering Services of Zürich to oversee construction and eventually became responsible for the extension studies of future expansion projects. The Electrowatt plan—which is still used for planning future metro lines—consisted of a 150-kilometer (93-mile) network of rapid transit lines spanning all major corridors within 20 years, including
488-515: A capacity expansion project, the signalling system was replaced with a signalling and train control system based on automatic train protection and automatic train supervision using Siemens technology. In 2022, as part of the line's south extension, the existing signalling system used in Line 1 was replaced by the Atlas 100 solution of Alstom , which is based on ETCS Level 1 . On the other hand, Line 2 uses
610-417: A consortium of companies comprising SA Ateliers de Constructions Electriques de Charleroi (ACEC) and BN Constructions Ferroviaires et Métalliques (today both part of Bombardier Transportation and now Alstom ), Tractionnel Engineering International (TEI) and Transurb Consult (TC). Although expected to pay for itself from revenues within twenty years of the start of operation, it was initially estimated that
732-413: A constant speed. Individual cars stop and start by releasing and gripping the cable as required. Cable cars are distinct from funiculars (whose cars are permanently attached to the cable) and cable railways (which are similar to funiculars but have rail vehicles that are attached and detached manually). Transit agencies' names for lines do not necessarily reflect their technical categorization. For example,
854-402: A few years after opening. In 1990, the Line 1 fell so far into disrepair due to premature wear and tear that trains headed to Central Terminal station had to slow to a crawl to avoid further damage to the support beams below as cracks reportedly began to appear. The premature aging of Line 1 led to an extensive refurbishing and structural capacity expansion program with a help of Japan's ODA. For
976-647: A general east–west direction over 17.6 kilometers (10.9 mi) of mostly elevated track, with one station lying underground. Commencing in Recto , the line follows a corridor defined by Claro M. Recto and Legarda Avenues, Ramon Magsaysay and Aurora Boulevard , and the Marikina-Infanta Highway before reaching the other end of the line at Antipolo . The system passes through the cities of Caloocan , Manila , Marikina , Pasay , Pasig , Quezon City , and San Juan . During peak hours, Line 1 fields 30 trains at most;
1098-696: A highly urbanized city on June 17, 2007, pursuant to Republic Act No. 9388 ("An Act Converting the Municipality of San Juan into a Highly Urbanized City to be known as the City of San Juan"). Then- Representative Ronaldo Zamora sponsored the Cityhood Bill in the House of Representatives and worked for its approval. Although not officially designated as such, San Juan is noted to be the "City of Philippine Presidents." Five presidents were official residents of San Juan. They were
1220-528: A line on the Radial Road 6 alignment, one of the region's busiest road corridor. The 1982 study of the system's network recommends lines that are proposed: The line was test-run in March 1984, and the first half of Line 1, from Baclaran to Central Terminal, was opened on December 1, 1984. The second half, from Central Terminal to Monumento, was opened on May 12, 1985. Overcrowding and poor maintenance took its toll
1342-507: A new fare will be charged when transferring from one line to the other. To reduce ticket queues, the LRTA is promoting the use of stored value tickets. Aside from benefitting from a lower fare structure on the Line 1, stored value ticket users can avail of a scheme called the Last Ride Bonus that grants the use of any residual amount in a stored value ticket less than the usual minimum ₱12 fare, or
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#17328512669451464-689: A number of Evangelical churches. Through the APOI (Association of Pastors for Outreach and Intercession), they have contributed to the spiritual atmosphere of the city. Every January, the city celebrates the National Bible Week, where the reading of the Scripture happens during the flag raising ceremony in the City Hall. Through the blessing of the mayor, a bible was planted in the heart of the new city hall during its construction. Major evangelical churches like Jesus
1586-540: A passenger assistance office (PAO), ticket purchasing areas (ticket counters and/or ticket machines), and at least one stall that sells food and drinks. Terminal stations also have a public relations office. Stores and ATMs are usually found at street level outside the station, although there are instances where they can be found within the concourse. Some stations, such as Monumento, Libertad and Araneta Center-Cubao , are directly connected to shopping malls . Line 2 stations have two restrooms, but Line 1 restrooms have been
1708-419: A passenger through the turnstile . The ejected ticket is then retrieved while passing through so that it can be used at the exit turnstile at the destination station to leave the premises. Tickets are captured by the exit turnstiles to be reused by the system if they no longer have any value. If it is a stored value ticket with some value remaining, however, it is once again ejected by the fare gate to be taken by
1830-466: A picture of the incumbent president , though some ticket designs have done away with this practice. Single journey tickets are only valid on the day of purchase and will be unusable afterward. They expire if not used to exit the same station after 30 minutes from entry or if not used to exit the system after 120 minutes from entry. If the ticket expires, the passenger will be required to buy a new one. Stored value tickets are usable on both lines although
1952-432: A safe system to travel on, and despite some incidents a World Bank paper prepared by Halcrow deemed the running of metro rail transit operations overall as "good". Safety notices in both English and Tagalog are a common sight at the stations and inside the trains. Security guards with megaphones can be seen at boarding areas asking crowds to move back from the warning tiles at the edge of platforms to avoid falling onto
2074-472: A station's paid area, passengers have to exit and then pay a new fare for the line they are entering. This is also the case on the Yellow Line when changing boarding platforms to catch trains going in the opposite direction. Both lines use two different fare structures: one for single journey cards and another for stored value (Beep) cards. Students, senior citizens, and persons with disabilities are entitled to
2196-455: A switched network. A funicular is a cable-driven inclined railway that uses the weight of descending cars to help pull the ascending cars up the slope. The term funicular derives from the Latin word funiculus , the diminutive of funis , meaning 'rope'. A cable car, in the context of mass transit, is a system using rail cars that are hauled by a continuously moving cable that runs at
2318-472: A top speed of 80 kilometers per hour (50 mph) and usually take around forty minutes to journey from one end of the line to the other. Each train measures 3.2 meters (10 ft 6 in) wide and 92.6 meters (303 ft 10 in) long allowing a capacity of 1,628 passengers: 232 seated and 1,396 standing. Twenty sliding doors per side facilitate quick entry and exit. The line's trains also feature air conditioning, driverless automatic train operation from
2440-488: A twenty-percent discount . Before 2001, passengers on Line 1 would purchase a token to enter the station. Subsequent upgrades in the fare collection system eventually transitioned the Yellow Line from a token-based system to a ticket-based system, with full conversion to a ticket-based system achieved on September 9, 2001. Starting September 2015, the old magnetic tickets were decommissioned and replaced by contactless-based smart card technology by IDEMIA . Passengers can enter
2562-528: Is "Dakilang Lungsód ng San Juan" ( lit. ' Great City of San Juan ' ). During the pre-Hispanic period , the area of what is now San Juan was a part of the Kingdom of Namayan , whose last recorded rulers were King Lakan Tagkan and his consort , Bouan. In the late 16th century, the kingdom and other polities in the islands were absorbed into the Spanish Crown , with the realm of Namayan christened as
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#17328512669452684-584: Is Lord and Victory Greenhills are also found in the city of San Juan. San Juan is also home to two Islamic mosques , namely: Masjid Hamza Bin Ahmed in Balong-Bato and Greenhills Masjid at Greenhills . On the 2024 feast of St. John the Baptist , the local government declared him as patron saint of San Juan City. Poverty incidence of San Juan Source: Philippine Statistics Authority San Juan
2806-1145: Is a railway in which the track consists of a single rail, as opposed to the traditional track with two parallel rails . The term possibly comes from 1897, from German engineer Eugen Langen , who called an elevated railway system with wagons suspended the Eugen Langen One-railed Suspension Tramway (Einschieniges Hängebahnsystem Eugen Langen). A commuter rail, regional rail or suburban rail system operates on mainline trackage, which may be shared with intercity rail and freight trains . Systems tend to operate at lower frequencies than rapid transit or light rail systems but tend to travel at higher speeds, have more widely spaced stations and cover longer overall distances. They have high passenger capacities per single train. Though many European and East Asian commuter rail systems operate with frequencies and rolling stock similar to that of rapid transit, they do not qualify as such because they share tracks with intercity/freight trains, or they have at grade crossings. For example, S-trains are hybrid systems combining
2928-519: Is bounded by Quezon City on the north and east, Mandaluyong on the south, and the City of Manila in the west. The territory of San Juan was once much larger than it is now, having been adjacent to Caloocan and Marikina prior to the creation of Quezon City . Parts of the present-day Districts 1 , 3 , and 4 of Quezon City, as well as areas of Mandaluyong , were originally within the town's colonial-era borders. This also explains why San Juan Reservoir
3050-579: Is geographically located at Metro Manila's approximate center and is also the country's smallest city in terms of land area . The city is known historically for the site of the first battle of the Katipunan , the organization which led the 1896 Philippine Revolution against the Spanish Empire . Notable landmarks today such as Pinaglabanan Shrine and heritage homes are located in the city. Other locations include Greenhills and Santolan Town Plaza, making
3172-441: Is in nearby Horseshoe Village, a subdivision now part of Quezon City. San Juan is politically subdivided and comprises into 21 barangays organized into two city council districts: The city also has several notable places of worship. Archdiocesan Shrine of Saint John the Baptist , more commonly known as " Pinaglabanan Church", is where the city's patron saint, John the Baptist , is enshrined. The Santuario del Santo Cristo
3294-814: Is jointly-operated by the Light Rail Transit Authority (LRTA), a government corporation attached to the Department of Transportation (DOTr), and the Light Rail Manila Corporation (LRMC). Along with the Manila Metro Rail Transit System and the Metro Commuter Line of the Philippine National Railways , the system makes up Metro Manila's rail infrastructure. The LRT's 43.5-kilometer-route (27.0 mi)
3416-614: Is mostly elevated and consists of two lines and 38 stations. Line 1 , also called the Green Line (formerly known as the Yellow Line), opened in 1984 and travels a north–south route. Line 2 , the Blue Line (formerly, the Purple Line), was completed in 2004 and runs east–west. The original Line 1 was built as a no-frills means of public transport and lacks some features and comforts, but
3538-852: Is named the "Underground" and is commonly nicknamed the "tube". Systems in Germany are called "U-Bahn", which stands for Untergrundbahn ("underground rail"). Many systems in East, Southeast and South Asia like Taipei , Chennai and Singapore , are called "MRT", which stands for "mass rapid transit". Systems that are predominantly elevated may be referred to as "L", as in Chicago , or "Skytrain", as in Bangkok and Vancouver . Other less common names include "T-bane", which stands for "tunnelbana" (in Scandinavia, literally tunnel track ) and "MTR" (mass transit railway). A monorail
3660-428: Is not, unlike rapid transit, fully grade-separated from other traffic. Light rail also generally operates with multiple-unit trains , rather than single tramcars. It emerged as an evolution of trams/streetcars. Light rail systems vary significantly in terms of speed and capacity and range from slightly improved tram systems to systems that are essentially rapid transit but with some level crossings. The term "light rail"
3782-503: Is predominantly residential, mixed with commercial and manufacturing businesses. The Greenhills shopping district is the hub of trade and commerce in San Juan. The shopping complex housed shopping malls, the Virra Mall, Shoppesville, Greenhills Theatre Mall, Promenade Mall, the former Greenhills Bowling Alley, and Unimart. As of 2022, San Juan had the labor force participation rate of 67%,
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3904-597: Is sometimes known as "heavy rail" to distinguish it from light rail. Both heavy and light often refer to the capacity and sometimes to investment costs. In most parts of the world, such systems are known as a "metro", short for "metropolitan", which is itself short for " Metropolitan Railway ", the first such system in the world. The term "subway" is used in many American systems, as well as in Glasgow and in Toronto . The system in London
4026-588: Is standard practice for bags to be inspected upon entry into stations by guards equipped with hand-held metal detectors . Those who refuse to submit to such inspection may be denied entry. Since May 1, 2007, the LRTA has enforced a policy against making false bomb threats , a policy already enforced at airports nationwide. Those who make such threats can face penalties in violation of Presidential Decree No. 1727, as well as face legal action. Posted notices on station walls and inside trains remind passengers to be careful and be wary of criminals who may take advantage of
4148-478: Is the centerpiece of the Complex, which also contains the old Central Office and Pastoral House that was the home of the church's first Executive Minister , Felix Manalo , along with other Ministers and Evangelical Workers. When Manalo died in 1963, a mausoleum was constructed on the grounds of the Complex by architect Carlos Santos-Viola. INC adherents in San Juan comprise 4.2% of the city population. San Juan also has
4270-542: Is the most common term especially in Americas, but German systems are called Stadtbahn , which translates to "city railway". Additionally " tram-train " systems are called Regionalstadtbahn and " semi-metro " systems are called U-Stadtbahn or U-Strab . A rapid transit system is a railway , usually in an urban area , with high passenger capacities and frequency of service and (usually) full grade separation from other traffic, including other rail traffic. It
4392-613: Is the settlement's oldest existing church, while Mary the Queen Parish in West Greenhills serves the local Filipino-Chinese community. From 1925 to 1971, the Iglesia ni Cristo once headquartered in the town at its former Central Office Complex, now known as the Locale of F. Manalo. It features Art-Deco designed ensembles, crafted by National Artist for Architecture Juan Nakpil . The chapel
4514-434: Is used in most parts of the world. In North America, such systems are referred to as "streetcar" or "trolley" systems. In Germany, such systems are called Straßenbahn , which literally translates as "street train" or "street railway". A light rail system is a rail-based transit system that has higher capacity and speed than a tram, usually by operating in an exclusive right-of-way separated from automobile traffic, but it
4636-473: Is used to refer to various methods of providing faster bus services and the systems that use it have similar characteristics to light rail . Guided buses are buses capable of being steered by external means, usually on a dedicated track or roll way that excludes other traffic. Some cities experimenting with guided bus technologies, such as Nancy , have chosen to refer to them as 'trams on tires' ( rubber-tired trams ) and given them tram-like appearances. In
4758-633: The pueblo of Mariquina (now Marikina ). In 1783, San Juan del Monte was promoted to a municipality , separating it from the Santa Ana parish and giving it its own local government as a barrio of the Province of Manila . As a result, the old poblacion at Santuario del Santo Cristo was moved to the Camino de Mariquina, where a new municipal hall (now the San Juan Medical Center) and a town plaza (now
4880-537: The ₱ 60 billion Line 1 south extension project was approved by the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA). In line with this, in October 2014, the operations and maintenance of Line 1 was awarded to the Light Rail Manila Corporation (LRMC), a joint venture company of Metro Pacific's Metro Pacific Light Rail Corporation (MPLRC), Ayala Corporation's AC Infrastructure Holdings Corporation (AC Infra), and
5002-584: The Almacén de Pólvora (also known as El Polvorín ) in San Juan del Monte in 1771. The gunpowder magazine (located at present-day San Juan Elementary School) was situated along the banks of the Salapang River (now known as Salapán Creek ), with access provided by the Camino de Mariquina (now N. Domingo Street), which connected Manila and the nearby barrio of Santa Mesa across the San Juan River Bridge to
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5124-724: The Aurora Boulevard (R-6). The city is serviced by J. Ruiz station of the LRT Line 2 in the city proper and indirectly served by Santolan-Annapolis station of the MRT Line 3 , at the city's eastern boundary with Quezon City. The C-3 (Araneta Avenue) also passes through San Juan. Secondary routes include Nicolas Domingo (abbreviated N. Domingo), which heads towards Cubao in Quezon City , and Pinaglabanan Street (which continues as Santolan Road ) leading towards Ortigas Avenue and eventually
5246-511: The COVID-19 pandemic , the festival was reduced to a parade of the image of St. John the Baptist with social distancing and mask mandates in place. In 2022, due to a lower number of COVID-19 cases, the traditional basaan was included again in the Wattah! Wattah! Festival, accompanied by a street dancing competition, a free concert, and a fireworks display. San Juan has a long history with sports,
5368-509: The Compañia de los Tranvias de Filipinas to operate the concession granted by the Spanish colonial government. The Malacañan Palace line was later replaced with a line linking Manila to Malabon , and construction began in 1885. Four German-made steam-operated locomotives and eight coaches for nine passengers each, composed the initial assets of the company. The Manila-Malabon line was the first line of
5490-927: The Filoil EcoOil Centre has hosted numerous sporting events, including the Philippine Basketball Association , Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League , Premier Volleyball League , and the Filoil EcoOil Preseason Cup . The city is also home to the San Juan Knights , which started in the now-defunct Metropolitan Basketball Association and now competes in the Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League. The Knights have won three league championships in its entire franchise history. Modes of public transportation in San Juan include jeepneys and buses. Jeepney routes ply
5612-853: The Green Line in Boston is referred to as a subway although it is mostly made up of above-ground portions. Conversely, the Docklands Light Railway in London , C Line in Los Angeles , and some metro lines in China are referred to as "Light Rail" but qualify as rapid transit because they are fully grade-separated and provide a high frequency of service. Many cities use names such as subway and elevated railway to describe their entire systems, even if they combine both methods of operation. Slightly less than half of
5734-538: The Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) to conduct a separate transport study. Prepared between 1971 and 1973, the JICA study proposed a series of circumferential and radial roads, an inner-city rapid transit system, a commuter railway, and an expressway with three branches. After further examination, many recommendations were adopted; however, none of them involved rapid transit and the monorail
5856-601: The Katipunan revolutionaries led by Andrés Bonifacio and his aide Emilio Jacinto made their way from Pugad Lawin in Caloocan (now part of Quezon City ) to attack the El Polvorín and its military garrison in San Juan del Monte on the morning of August 30, 1896. Defended by a hundred Spanish troops consisting of infantry and artillery , the Katipuneros were able to eliminate the garrison commander and an artilleryman, forcing
5978-656: The Line 3 —also known as the new Yellow Line, a similar but separate metro rail system operated by the private Metro Rail Transit Corporation (MRTC)—the system provides the platform for the vast majority of rail travel in the Metro Manila area. Together with the PNR, the three constitute the SRTS. Recto and Doroteo Jose serve as the sole interchange between both lines of the LRTA. Araneta Center-Cubao and EDSA stations serve as interchanges between
6100-657: The London Underground 's tracks, for example, are actually underground. The New York City Subway also combines elevated and subterranean stations, and the Chicago "L" and the Vancouver SkyTrain use tunnels to run through central areas. A bus shares many characteristics with light rail and trams but does not run on rails. Trolleybuses are buses that are powered from overhead wires . Vehicles that can travel both on rails and on roads have been tried experimentally but are not in common use. The term bus rapid transit
6222-663: The Octopus card in Hong Kong and the EZ-Link card in Singapore , was made a goal of the SRTS. In a transitional move towards such a unified ticketing system, the Flash Pass was implemented on April 19, 2004, as a stopgap measure. However, plans for a unified ticketing system using smart cards have languished, leaving the Flash Pass to fill the role for the foreseeable future. Originally sold by both
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#17328512669456344-592: The Philippine Revolutionary Army , firing the first shot of the Philippine–American War . This prompted lines of Filipino troops in San Juan del Monte to open fire at the line of American troops in Santa Mesa. The first shot was previously believed to have been exchanged at the San Juan River Bridge until studies by Filipino historian Benito J. Legarda concluded that the shot was not fired at
6466-469: The automatic train control system, which has three subsystems: automatic train protection (ATP), automatic train operation (ATO), and automatic train supervision (ATS). The ATO subsystem automatically drives the trains, while the opening and closing of doors is controlled by an onboard train attendant. It is a track circuit -based system with equipment supplied by Westinghouse Signals (later Siemens Mobility ). The system has always presented itself as
6588-406: The parish of Santa Ana de Sapa . (present-day Santa Ana , Manila ) The present area of San Juan was meanwhile re-classified as the small encomienda (town) of San Juan del Monte in 1590. In 1602, along the Camino de Mandaluyong (now F. Blumentritt Street), the Dominican Order built a novitiate house in the town for their immediate use, where ageing or convalescing friars stayed. Within
6710-463: The 4th Company of the Morong Battalion under Captain Serapio Narvaez were fired upon by American troops of the 1st Nebraska Infantry Regiment from their defense line on the Santa Mesa side (now part of Sampaloc ). The first shot was exchanged by Private William W. Grayson , an American sentry from the 1st Nebraska Infantry Regiment of the United States Volunteer Army , who killed Filipino corporal Anastacio Felix and another Filipino soldier of
6832-449: The American takeover of the Philippines, the Philippine Commission allowed the Manila Electric Railroad and Light Company (Meralco) to take over the properties of the Compañia de los Tranvias de Filipinas , with the first of twelve mandated electric tranvia (tram) lines operated by MERALCO opening in Manila in 1905. At the end of the first year around 63 kilometers (39 mi) of track had been laid. A five-year reconstruction program
6954-419: The Baptist goes down the streets. San Juan City Ordinance No. 51 series of 2018 prohibits dirty water, ice, water in glass bottles, and water or ice in other materials that will incite pain or injury upon impact from being used in the festival. Physical violence, inciting of threats, and deliberately entering public transport vehicles to douse commuters is also not allowed. However, in 2020 and 2021, due to
7076-430: The LRTA and the Metro Rail Transit Corporation , the Blue Line operator, the pass was discontinued with the election of Benigno Aquino III as President of the Philippines in 2010. Urban rail transit Urban rail transit is a wide term for various types of local rail systems providing passenger service within and around urban or suburban areas. The set of urban rail systems can be roughly subdivided into
7198-694: The LRTA and the MRTC networks. To transfer lines, passengers will need to exit from the station they are in then pass through covered walkways connecting the stations. Blumentritt station meanwhile is immediately above its PNR counterpart . Baclaran, Central Terminal , and Monumento are Line 1's three terminal stations; Recto, Araneta Center-Cubao, and Antipolo are the terminal stations on Line 2. All of them are located on or near major transport routes where passengers can take other forms of transportation such as privately run buses and jeepneys to reach their ultimate destination both within Metro Manila and in neighboring provinces. The system has two depots: Line 1 uses
7320-493: The LRTA made a profit of ₱68 million, the first time the agency made a profit since the Line 1 became operational in 1984. A two-station, 3.8-kilometer (2.4 mi) extension of Line 2 eastward from Marikina up to Masinag, Antipolo in the province of Rizal opened to the public on July 5, 2021, six years after construction began in 2015. First proposed by SNC-Lavalin , the south extension of Line 1 has 8 stations over 11.7 kilometers (7 mi) ending in Bacoor in
7442-468: The Line 1, and all Line 2 stations are composed of two levels: a lower concourse level and an upper platform level (reversed in the case of Katipunan). Fare gates separate the concourse level from the stairs and escalators that provide access to the platform level. All stations have side platforms except for Baclaran, which has one side and one island platform , and Santolan, which has an island platform. The concourse area at LRTA stations typically contain
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#17328512669457564-664: The Line 1, runs heavy rail metro cars made in South Korea by Hyundai Rotem and provided by the Asia-Europe MRT Consortium led by Marubeni Corporation that have higher passenger capacity and maximum speed. All five types of rolling stock are powered by electricity supplied through overhead wires. Of the two LRTA lines, the Line 2 prominently employs wrap advertising in its rolling stock. The Line 1 have begun using wrap advertising as well initially for their second-generation trains, followed by their third and fourth-generation trains. Line 1 at various stages in its history has used two-car, three-car, and four-car trains. The two-car trains are
7686-416: The Macapagal père et fille , Diosdado (1961–1965) and Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (2001–2010); Marcos père et fils , Ferdinand Sr. (1965–1986) and Ferdinand Jr. (2022–present); and Joseph Estrada (1998–2001), who also served as Mayor when San Juan was still a municipality. San Juan is the least-extensive city in the Philippines with a total area of just 595 hectares (2.30 sq mi). San Juan
7808-404: The Operations Control Center (OCC) in Santolan, low-noise control, enabled electric and hydraulic braking , and closed-circuit television inside the trains. Special open spaces and seats are designated for wheelchair users and elderly passengers, and automatic next station announcements are made for the convenience of passengers, especially for the blind. An additional fourteen four-car trains for
7930-405: The Pasay Depot at LRTA headquarters in Pasay, near Baclaran station, while the Line 2 uses the Santolan Depot built by Sumitomo in Pasig. Both lines are open every day of the year from 4:30 am PST ( UTC +8) until 10:15 pm on weekdays, and from 5:00 am until 9:50 pm on weekends, except when changes have been announced. During Holy Week , a public holiday in the Philippines ,
8052-419: The Philippine Investment Alliance for Infrastructure's Macquarie Infrastructure Holdings (Philippines) PTE Ltd. (MIHPL). The 32-year concession agreement took effect on September 12, 2015. The groundbreaking ceremony of the south extension took place on May 4, 2017, with construction beginning in 2019. The first five stations (from Redemptorist station to Dr. Santos station ) opened on November 16, 2024, while
8174-595: The Philippine government, with one of the project's backhoe loaders being set on fire by protesters. The first section of the line, from Santolan to Araneta Center-Cubao, was opened on April 5, 2003. The second section, from Araneta Center-Cubao to Legarda , was opened exactly a year later, with the entire line being fully operational by October 29, 2004 During that time the Line 1 was modernized. Automated fare collection systems using magnetic stripe plastic tickets were installed; air-conditioned trains added; pedestrian walkways between Lines 1, 2, and 3 were completed. In 2005,
8296-411: The Philippines submitted a proposal for a Manila streetcar system. The system proposed was a five-line network emanating from Plaza San Gabriel in Binondo , running to Intramuros , Malate , Malacañan Palace , Sampaloc and Tondo . The project was approved and in 1882, Spanish-German businessman Jacobo Zóbel de Zangroniz , Spanish engineer Luciano M. Bremon , and Spanish banker Adolfo Bayo , founded
8418-487: The Philippines; and prominent journalist Maximo Soliven , who was imprisoned when President Marcos first declared Martial Law in September 1972. When Presidential Decree No. 824 establishing the National Capital Region was signed on November 7, 1975, San Juan was among the towns excised from Rizal Province into the newly created metropolitan area. Club Filipino , which had relocated to San Juan in 1970 from its original location in Santa Mesa, became an important part of
8540-455: The San Juan Heights, a series of new subdivision developments all across the area. It was around this time that the municipality's name was contracted to San Juan . A report made by the Rizal provincial government in 1933 noted that San Juan increased in population due to the development of residential subdivisions, such as San Juan Heights, Manila Heights, San Francisco del Monte Heights , Addition Hills, New Manila , and Rosario Heights. At
8662-431: The San Juan Plaza Mayor) was constructed. In 1892, Father Bernardino Nozaleda , the Archbishop of Manila , approved the creation of a new parish for the municipality of San Juan del Monte, with the Franciscans establishing the San Juan Bautista Church (now Pinaglabanan Church) and a parochial house in the area now known as Pinaglabanan Street. When the Philippine Revolution against Spain broke out in August 1896,
8784-578: The United States. They also claim economists are somewhat more optimistic about rail transit's impact on economic development. San Juan, Metro Manila San Juan , officially the City of San Juan ( Filipino : Lungsod ng San Juan ), is a highly urbanized city in the National Capital Region of the Philippines . According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 126,347 people. It
8906-410: The appropriate fare for the station of arrival from the station of departure, as a full fare. Stored value tickets are not reloadable and are captured by the fare gate after the last use. They expire six months after the date of first use. Tickets are used both to enter and exit the paid area of the system. A ticket inserted into a fare gate at the station of origin is processed and then ejected allowing
9028-577: The area, the Dominicans also constructed a convent and a stone church, the Santuario del Santo Cristo , dedicating it to the Holy Cross . To this day, the thrice-rebuilt church stands on the same site, adjacent to Aquinas School and Dominican College. Given the isolation that the town had from the city of Manila , the colonial government decided to establish a heavily fortified gunpowder magazine called
9150-611: The boarding platforms in addition to escalators and elevators. In cooperation with the Philippine Daily Inquirer , copies of the Inquirer Libre —a free, tabloid -size, Tagalog version of the Inquirer broadsheet —are available at selected LRTA stations from 6:00 am until the supply runs out. Five types of rolling stock run on the system, with four types used on Line 1 and another used on Line 2. The Line 2, unlike
9272-491: The bridge, but was instead fired at what is now the corner of Sociego Street and Silencio Street in Santa Mesa. Later, a study done by Ronnie Miravite Casalmir that came out in 2023 solidly debunked the Sociego-Silencio location, and instead placed the event at the turn towards Blockhouse 7 along Sociego Street, currently the corner of Sociego Street and Tomas Arguelles Street in the present-day Quezon City . Throughout
9394-513: The capacity of the line from 27,000 to 40,000 passengers per hour per direction. As part of the south extension of the line, 30 new trains built in Spain and Mexico by Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles and Mitsubishi Corporation were procured in 2017. The trains entered service in 2023. Line 2 fleet runs eighteen heavy rail four-car trains with lightweight stainless car bodies and alternating current traction motors . They have
9516-565: The characteristics of both rapid transit and commuter rail systems. Generally, S-trains share tracks with mainline passenger and freight trains, but the distances between stations and the service headway resemble metro systems. Automated guideway transit systems tend to operate with medium passenger capacities. Larger systems span a variety of conceptual designs, from subway-like advanced rapid transit (ART) systems to smaller (typically two to six passengers) vehicles known as personal rapid transit (PRT) which offer direct point-to-point travel along
9638-593: The city a major shopping hub with a range of upscale, boutique and bargain retail. "San Juan" is a contraction of the city's traditional name of " San Juan del Monte " ( lit. ' Saint John of the Mountain ' ). As with numerous other places in the Philippines, the name combines a patron saint and a toponym ; in this case Saint John the Baptist with the locale's hilly terrain and relatively higher elevation compared to surrounding areas. The city's official name
9760-542: The city's many intersections. However, the revisions increased the price of the project from ₱1.5 billion to ₱2 billion. A supplementary study was conducted and completed within three months. President Ferdinand Marcos created the Light Rail Transit Authority (LRTA) on July 12, 1980, by virtue of Executive Order No. 603 giving birth to what was then dubbed the "Metrorail". First Lady Imelda Marcos , then governor of Metro Manila and minister of human settlements, became its first chairman. Although responsible for
9882-409: The city's primary form of transportation, plying the routes once served by the tram lines. With the return of buses and cars to the streets, traffic congestion became a problem. In 1966, the Philippine government granted a franchise to Philippine Monorail Transport Systems (PMTS) for the operation of an inner-city monorail . The monorail's feasibility was still being evaluated when the government asked
10004-727: The colonial government as revolts spread all across the archipelago. Following the end of the Philippine Revolution and the Treaty of Paris in 1898 that seceded the Philippines to the United States , the First Philippine Republic that succeeded the Katipunan distrusted the occupying American forces that were arriving in droves, with both sides wanting to engage in combat. On the morning of February 4, 1899, Filipino troops from
10126-507: The country's Martial Law era under President Ferdinand Marcos . This included several Armed Forces of the Philippines generals, including Romeo Espino , Alfredo Montoya, and Romeo Gatan, who would later be tagged as members of the " Rolex 12 "; Imelda Marcos’ secretary Fe Jimenez Roa; Presidential Assistant on Legal Affairs Ronaldo Zamora , who would later become a congressman for the lone congressional district of San Juan; San Juan Mayor Joseph Estrada, who would later become President of
10248-598: The crowding aboard the trains. To address concerns of inappropriate contact on crowded trains, the first coach of Line 1 and Line 2 trains have been designated for PWDs and females only . In 2003, the Manila Light Rail Transit System was one of the least expensive rapid transit systems in Southeast Asia , costing significantly less to ride than other systems in the region. Unlike other transportation systems, in which transfer to another line occurs within
10370-466: The east extension and the future west extension are currently in the process of being procured. The system has used various signalling systems throughout its history. The original signalling system used in the LRT Line 1 was based on fixed block and relay type trackside systems. Trains had an automatic train stop system that activates if the train passes by a red signal or over-speeding. In 2007, as part of
10492-553: The establishment of the Fifth Philippine Republic when Corazon Aquino was inaugurated there on February 25, 1986, the last day of the civilian-led 1986 People Power Revolution . In 1992, San Juan had the fewest informal settler families out of all the municipalities and cities in Metro Manila based on data from the National Housing Authority . Residents ratified the conversion of the municipality into
10614-416: The following categories, which sometimes overlap because some systems or lines have aspects of multiple types. A tram , streetcar , or trolley system is a rail-based transit system that runs mainly or completely along streets (with street running ), with a relatively-low capacity and frequent stops; however, modern trams have a greater passenger capacity than traditional trams. Passengers usually board at
10736-552: The front coach of a Line 1 train pulling into Blumentritt station, killing 11 and injuring over 60 people in the most devastating of a series of attacks that day, now known as the Rizal Day bombings . With Japan's ODA amounting to 75 billion yen in total, the construction of Line 2 began in the 1990s. In 2001, the Legarda portion of the project was briefly the site of the May 1 riots against
10858-623: The hustle and bustle of Rizal and Taft Avenues along grade-separated concrete viaducts allowing exclusive right-of-way before ending in Baclaran . A three-station east–west extension along Epifanio de los Santos Avenue that will connect Monumento to the North Avenue station was opened in 2010, although the common station is still under construction. Including the extension's two recently opened stations, Balintawak and Roosevelt , Line 1 has twenty stations. Line 2 consists of thirteen stations in
10980-427: The last car of each train as "green zones", where folding bicycle users can ride with their bikes, provided that it does not exceed the LRTA's baggage size limitations of 2 by 2 feet (20 by 20 in). Originally, Line 1 was not built with accessibility in mind. This is reflected in the Line 1's lack of barrier-free facilities such as escalators and elevators. It is also inconvenient in other ways: for one, because of
11102-657: The line: 63 of these are first-generation cars, 28 second-generation, 48 third-generation, and 120 fourth-generation. One train car (1037) was severely damaged in the Rizal Day bombings and was subsequently decommissioned. The maximum speed of these cars ranges between 60 and 70 kilometers per hour (37 and 43 mph). As part of the second phase of expansion on the Yellow Line, 12 trains made in Japan by Kinki Sharyo and Nippon Sharyo were shipped and entered revenue service in 2006. The air-conditioned trains have boosted
11224-484: The metropolis, the transportation system has only been partially successful due to the rising number of motor vehicles and rapid urbanization . The network's expansion is set on resolving this problem. The network consists of two lines: the original Line 1 or Green Line, and the more modern Line 2, or Blue Line. Line 1 is aligned in a general north–south direction along over 25.9 kilometers (16.1 mi) of fully elevated track. From Monumento it runs south above
11346-415: The most in the Philippines. Since 2003, San Juan celebrates the feast of its patron saint , St. John the Baptist every June 24 with its Wattah Wattah Festival , a festival with dancing, parades, and its traditional basaan or water dousing along the city streets. The festival and its activities are usually held along N. Domingo Street and Pinaglabanan Street as the procession of the image of St. John
11468-477: The municipalities of Rizal merged alongside Manila and Quezon City to form the City of Greater Manila as an emergency measure by President Manuel L. Quezon . It became a municipality of Rizal once again when the City of Greater Manila was dissolved by President Sergio Osmeña effective August 1, 1945. San Juan, especially its exclusive subdivisions in Greenhills , was home to many prominent personalities during
11590-502: The municipality was incorporated into the new province of Rizal through Act No. 137, with former Katipunan San Juan chapter sanggunian Andres Soriano serving as its first municipal president . In 1903, it was merged into the municipality of San Felipe Neri (present-day Mandaluyong ) through Act No. 942 of the Taft Commission . San Felipe Neri later became the capital of Rizal for several months in 1904. In 1907, San Juan del Monte
11712-436: The new system to be finished, opening to the public on October 20, 1888, with the rest of the network opening in 1889. From the beginning it proved to be a very popular line, with services originating from Tondo as early as 5:30 a.m. and ending at 7:30 p.m., while trips from Malabon were from 6:00 a.m. until 8:00 p.m., every hour on the hour in the mornings, and every half-hour beginning at 1:30 p.m. With
11834-441: The newer Line 2 has been built with additional standards and criteria in mind like barrier-free access. In 2022, the system served 305,264 passengers on average. Security guards at each station conduct inspections and provide assistance. A reusable plastic magnetic ticketing system has replaced the previous token-based system in 2001, and the Flash Pass was introduced as a step towards a more integrated transportation system. In 2015,
11956-442: The next few years Line 1 operations ran smoothly. In 2000, however, employees of METRO Inc. went on strike, paralyzing Line 1 operations from July 25 to August 2, 2000. Consequently, the LRTA did not renew its operating contract with METRO Inc. that expired on July 31, 2000, and assumed all operational responsibility. At around 12:15 pm on December 30, 2000, a bomb—later learned to have been planted by Islamic terrorists—went off in
12078-559: The operations of the system, the LRTA primarily confined itself to setting and regulating fares, planning extensions and determining rules and policies, leaving the day-to-day operations to a sister company of Meralco called the Meralco Transit Organization (METRO Inc.). Initial assistance for the project came in the form of a ₱300 million soft loan from the Belgian government, with an additional ₱700 million coming from
12200-486: The original first-generation BN ( 1000 ) trains. Most were transformed into three-car trains, although a lot of two-car trains remain in service. The four-car trains are the more modern second-generation Hyundai Precision and Adtranz ( 1100 ), the third-generation Kinki Sharyo / Nippon Sharyo ( 1200 ), and the fourth-generation Mitsubishi / Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles ( 13000 ) trains. There are 259 railway cars grouped into 70 trains serving
12322-474: The original residents of San Juan del Monte to evacuate en masse, permanently settling in neighboring towns. This led to many lots becoming abandoned. From 1898 to 1899, some residents returned to the town, resettling in shacks . However, due to unsanitary conditions, a malaria epidemic broke out in the area, with many casualties. Following the end of the Philippine-American War, the municipality
12444-424: The passenger for future use. Despite the common practice for regular passengers to purchase several stored-value tickets at a time, the line barely has ticket shortages due to the inter-compatibility of tickets with the LRTA lines and the steady release of new tickets that addresses the problem. To better integrate the LRTA and MRTC networks, a unified ticketing system utilizing contactless smart cards , similar to
12566-461: The plastic magnetic tickets were replaced with the Beep , a contactless smart card, introduced to provide a common ticketing to 3 rail lines and some bus lines. Many passengers who ride the system also take various forms of road-based public transport, such as buses and jeepneys , to and from a station to reach their intended destination. Although it aims to reduce traffic congestion and travel times in
12688-543: The province of Cavite . After Lavalin's bid was rejected by the Philippine government in 2005, the government worked with advisers ( International Finance Corporation , White & Case , Halcrow, and others) to conduct an open-market invitation to tender for the construction of the extension and a 30-year concession to run it. An additional extension from Bacoor to Imus and from there a further extension to Dasmariñas , both in Cavite, are also being considered. On March 22, 2012,
12810-537: The rail system is closed for annual maintenance, owing to fewer commuters and traffic around the metro. Normal operation resumes on Monday. During the Christmas and year-end holidays , operating hours are shortened due to low ridership. Notice of special schedules is given through press releases, via the public address system in every station, and on the LRTA and LRMC websites. The system's roots date back to 1878 when an official from Spain's Department of Public Works for
12932-472: The remaining Spanish troops to retreat to the nearby El Deposito water reservoir near the San Juan Bautista Church. Sustaining heavy losses, the Katipuneros were unable to capture El Polvorín, and retreated south towards Mandaluyong, where Bonifacio reorganized the surviving Katipuneros and issued a war manifesto, leading Katipuneros in other places to organize Filipinos to rise up in arms against
13054-660: The second and third phases (from Zapote until Niog , hampered by right-of-way issues, will start operations in 2031. With the exception of Katipunan (which is underground), the LRTA's 33 stations are elevated. They follow one of two different layouts. Most Line 1 stations are composed of only one level, accessible from the street below by stairway, containing the station's concourse and platform areas separated by fare gates . The boarding platforms are 100 meters (328 ft 1 in) long and 3.5 meters (11 ft 6 in) wide. Baclaran , Central Terminal , Carriedo , Balintawak , Fernando Poe Jr. and North Avenue stations on
13176-462: The street or curb level, but low-floor trams may allow level boarding. Longer-distance lines are called interurbans or radial railways . Modern trams also operate as self-propelled trains coupled through a multiple unit instead of individual trams and are often included within the broader term light rail ; however, they differ in that trams frequently share the platform with vehicular traffic and do not have signal priority. The term "tram"
13298-402: The subject of criticism not only because of the provisioning of a single washroom at each station expected to serve all passengers (whether male, female, disabled or otherwise), but also because of the impression that the lavatories are poorly maintained and unsanitary. Folding bicycles are allowed to be brought inside the trains to promote bimodal transportation . The LRTA has also designated
13420-529: The system paid areas with either a single journey or stored value Beep Card . The Beep Card can be used on all LRT and MRT lines. Tickets can be sold from ticket booths staffed by station agents or from ticket machines . Previously, the system uses two types of tickets: a single journey (one-way) ticket whose cost is dependent on the destination, and a stored value (multiple-use) ticket available for ₱100. Senior citizens and disabled passengers can receive fare discounts as mandated by law. Tickets would normally bear
13542-615: The system would lose money until at least 1993. For the first year of operation, despite a projected ₱365 million in gross revenue, losses of ₱216 million were thought likely. Construction of Line 1 started in September 1981 with the Construction and Development Corporation of the Philippines (now the Philippine National Construction Corporation ) as the contractor with assistance from Losinger & Cie,
13664-470: The system. The Philippine National Police has a special police force assigned at both lines. and security police provided by private companies are assigned to all stations with each having a designated head guard. Closed-circuit televisions have been installed to monitor stations and keep track of suspicious activities. To better prepare for and improve response to any adverse incidents, drills simulating terror attacks and earthquakes have been conducted. It
13786-704: The time interval between the departure of one and the arrival of another, called headway , is a minimum of 3–4 minutes. On January 9, 2009, Line 1 fielded 31 trains with a headway of 2 minutes to service devotees in celebration of the Feast of the Black Nazarene . Line 2 on the other hand, runs 10 trains at most with a minimum headway of 5 minutes. With the proper upgrades, Line 1 is designed to potentially run with headway as low as 1.5 minutes. Line 2 can run with headway as low as 2 minutes with throughput of up to 60,000 passengers per hour per direction (pphpd). In conjunction with
13908-406: The time, the municipality consisted of the nine barrios of Poblacion , Andres Bonifacio, Ermitaño, N. Domingo, Rincon, San Francisco del Monte, Sapang Camias, Sulapan, and Tibagan. Between 1939 and 1941, the barrios of Cubao, Diliman, and San Francisco del Monte , as well as Camp Crame , were ceded from San Juan to the newly established Quezon City . On January 1, 1942, San Juan was one of
14030-551: The tracks. In the event of emergencies or unexpected events aboard the train, alerts are used to inform passengers about the current state of the operations. The LRTA uses three alerts: Codes Blue, Yellow, and Red. Smoking, previously banned only at station platforms and inside trains, has been banned at station concourse areas since June 24, 2008. Hazardous chemicals, such as paint and gasoline, as well as sharp pointed objects that could be used as weapons, are forbidden. Full-sized bicycles and skateboards are also not allowed on board
14152-490: The train, however folding bicycles are allowed on both lines as of November 8, 2009. Those under the influence of alcohol may be denied entry into the stations. In response to the Rizal Day bombings , a series of attacks on December 30, 2000, that included the bombing of a Line 1 train among other targets, and in the wake of greater awareness of terrorism following the September 11 attacks , security has been stepped up on board
14274-503: The use of side platforms, passengers wishing to access the other platform for the train bound in the opposite direction at single-level Line 1 stations need to exit the station (and by extension, the system) and pay a new fare. The newer Line 2, unlike its counterpart, is designed to be barrier-free and allows seamless transfer between platforms. Built by a joint venture between Hanjin and Itochu , Line 2 stations have wheelchair ramps, braille markings, and tactile paving leading to and from
14396-610: The war, various regiments of the United States Volunteer Army carried out multiple skirmishes against militias and soldiers of the First Philippine Republic in towns along the Camino de Mariquina, where they had cleared out Filipino forces at the El Deposito reservoir, its pumping station road (now Pinaglabanan Street, part of Santolan Road ), and the santuario. Both the revolution and the war caused many of
14518-406: Was initiated in 1920, and by 1924, 170 cars serviced many parts of the city and its outskirts. Although it was an efficient system for the city's 220,000 inhabitants, by the 1930s the streetcar network had stopped expanding. The system was closed during World War II . By the war's end, the tram network was damaged beyond repair amid a city that lay in ruins. It was dismantled and jeepneys became
14640-518: Was never built. PMTS' franchise subsequently expired in 1974. Another study was performed between 1976 and 1977, this time by Freeman Fox and Associates and funded by the World Bank . It originally suggested a street-level railway, but its recommendations were revised by the newly formed Ministry of Transportation and Communications (now the DOTr ). The ministry instead called for an elevated system because of
14762-433: Was reconstituted as an independent municipality through Act No. 1625. In 1916, the municipal government purchased the land along the intersection of N. Domingo and F. Blumentritt Streets, where the town market (present-day Agora Market) was located. Likewise, in 1919, businessmen Eusebio Orense and Florencio G. Diaz purchased a great bulk of the remaining hacienda lands, selling it to a Filipino-American consortium developing
14884-480: Was repopulated by families coming from Mariquina and San Mateo . The Dominicans had also returned to the municipality to establish their ownership of the Santo Cristo hacienda before the new American colonial government . As a result, much of San Juan del Monte was being leased to the municipal government by Dominican hacienda owners until these lands were eventually purchased by the municipal government. In 1901,
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