Manide is a Philippine language spoken throughout the province of Camarines Norte in Bicol region and near the eastern edge of Quezon in Southern Tagalog of southern Luzon in the Philippines . Manide is spoken by nearly 4,000 Negrito people, most of whom reside in the towns of Labo, Jose Panganiban , and Paracale .
17-524: Between 1903 and 1924, John M. Garvan (1963) visited Negrito Filipino communities in the region of Luzon and recorded the name Manide. Many of the Manide population children still grow up speaking Manide. Manide is the most divergent out of the three other Negrito languages in Southern Luzon, namely Inagta Alabat , Inagta Rinconada , and Inagta Partido (although Inagta Rinconada and Inagta Partido belong to
34-537: A distance. The highest peak is called Mt. Camagong. Alabat Island comprises three municipalities: Perez in the northern tip, Alabat town proper in the center and Quezon in the south. The first inhabitants of the island were the indigenous Inagta Alabat people who are Negritos, the earliest settlers in the Philippines. The indigenous people spoke the Inagta Alabat language , one of the most endangered languages in
51-651: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Alabat Island Alabat Island is an island of the Philippine archipelago , in the Quezon Province of the Calabarzon region, situated just off the east coast of Southern Luzon . The island has an area of 192 square kilometres (74 sq mi) and a population of 41,822. The island has a mountain ridge with peaks ranging from 1,083 ft (330.10 m) to 1,384 ft (421.84 m) which look like islands at
68-533: Is home to the indigenous Alabat Agta people, whose language is critically endangered. In 2010, UNESCO released its 3rd world volume of Endangered Languages in the World, where 3 critically endangered languages were in the Philippines. One of these languages in the Alabat Island Agta language which has an estimated speaker of 30 people in the year 2000. The language was classified as Critically Endangered , meaning
85-454: Is reflected in Manide as /ʔ/ . The glottal stop may combine with other consonants in cluster, i.e. in the sequence /ʔC/ and /Cʔ/ , e.g. bag-áng /bagʔáŋ/ 'mouth'. The reflex of PMP *R in Manide is /g/ . The reflex most likely comes from borrowed items in Tagalog. For example, Manide be-gí /beʔgí/ 'new' is a reflex of Proto-Philippine * baqəRú with the same meaning. Normally,
102-652: Is that Manide uses the same case markers for personal names just as used with common nouns. There are no 'personal' case markers in Manide for in the plural form, only the singular form. Inagta Alabat language Inagta Alabat ( Alabat Island Agta ) is a Philippine Negrito language spoken in central Alabat Island , Philippines . Its speakers began arriving on the island in the 1970s but originated from Villa Espina in Lopez, with earlier settlements in Gumaca and perhaps other towns. (Lobel, Alpay, Barreno and Barreno 2020) Predating
119-538: Is the Inagta Alabat language. According to a handful of words remembered by a group self-identifying as Katabangan on the Bondoc Peninsula, as reported by Zubiri, that language may have also been related to Manide and Inagta Alabat. Lobel (2010) shows the separation of towns with Manide populations. Reflexes are words, sounds, or writing systems which are derived from previous, older elements or systems. PMP *q
136-464: Is the shift from *a to /u/ . Low vowel backing is unique to Manide, as it is not known to occur in any other language of the Philippines. Ten occurrences of low vowel backing of the shift *a to /u/ have been recorded. Case markers in Manide are similar to those of other Philippine languages. The case markers show the relationships of nouns and noun phrases to a verb. The most common situations are genitive, nominative, and oblique. Something very unusual
153-546: Is the shift of *a to a front vowel such as /e/ . Fronting may occur due to assimilation to nearby sounds, or it may form independently. It is part of a feature among many Negrito Filipino languages from northern Luzon to Manide. Back vowel fronting is the change of the vowel *u to /i/ . It is related to low vowel fronting as back vowel fronting happens after /b d g/ , but there are few occurrences after *b. Manide shows 16 different forms of back vowel fronting, which generally happens after *t and *l. In Manide, low vowel backing
170-469: The Agta on Alabat Island were communities of individuals self-identifying as "dumagat" but who now only speak Tagalog as a native language. Less than a dozen individuals can still speak the Inagta Alabat language whether on Alabat Island, where it is being lost in favor of Tagalog, or in Lopez, where it is being replaced by the language of the Manide who have migrated to the area in large numbers and intermarried with
187-539: The Agta, and also replaced by Tagalog. Those Agta who can still speak the Inagta language in Lopez speak the same language as the Agta who have migrated to Alabat over the past 50 years. Other Agta in Lopez either speak only Manide, or a mixture of Manide and Inagta Alabat-Lopez. Inagta Alabat forms a subgroup with Manide . The extinct Katabangan may have also been related. Selected Inagta Lopenze words from Salipande (2022): This article about Philippine languages
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#1732851722994204-545: The Bikol subgroup and not the Manide-Alabat subgroup). In a survey of 1000 lexical items, 285 appeared to be unique, including new coinages which are forms that experienced semantic and or phonological shifts over time. In comparison, other Negrito languages such as Batak , Inagta Rinconada/Partido, Mamanwa , or Inati have a cognate rate of over 90% with neighboring non-Negrito languages. The language genetically closest to Manide
221-454: The location focus, while -en takes place of the functions from Proto Malayo Polynesian * -ən and * i- , thus marking object focus. There are two present forms, with the first being possessive. The second present form is used for habitual functions. In Southern Luzon, Manide is the only language that uses CVC reduplication. Pronouns in Manide make the same contrasts as in other Philippine languages. Vowel shifts are systematic sound changes in
238-427: The pronunciation of vowel sounds. In Manide, there are vowel shifts following voiced stops /b d g/ and glides /w y/ . Low vowel fronting, back vowel fronting, and low vowel backing are all present in Manide. Fronting refers to a change in the articulation of a vowel with shifts to vowels further forward in the mouth. (i.e., the position of the highest point of the tongue during its pronunciation). Low vowel fronting
255-423: The reflex of PMP *s is /s/ , but in some cases that has shifted to /h/ instead. The reflexes of Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *d, *j, and *z are all /d/ , with some exceptions for *j and *z. The reflexes of PMP *ə are /a e i u/ . /e/ is the only inherited reflex of PMP *ə, with /a i u/ being borrow reflexes. Manide is a reduced-focus language because it primarily uses mag- for the actor focus and -an for
272-527: The world. The island is located in Lamon Bay and has an extensive mangrove fringe along its southwest shore, with several hundred hectares of intertidal mudflats exposed at low tide. Large portions of the original mangrove forest have been degraded or completely destroyed for the construction of fish and shrimp ponds. Alabat enjoys a humid tropical climate with no dry season, but a very pronounced period of maximum rainfall from November to January. The island
289-400: The youngest speakers are grandparents and older, and they speak the language partially and infrequently and hardly pass the language to their children and grandchildren anymore. If the remaining 30 people do not pass their native language to the next generation of Alabat Agta people, their indigenous language will be extinct within a period of 1 to 2 decades. The Alabat Agta people live only on
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