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17-675: Located on the Red River , Manhao was a transhipment point of some significance prior to construction of the Kunming–Hai Phong Railway in the early 20th century, as the shortest route between Kunming and French Indochina ran through it. Manhao was considered the head of small-boat (junk, or wupan 五版) navigation on the Red River; so Yunnan's products such as tin would be brought to Manhao by pack mules, where they would be loaded to boats. In those days, to travel from Hai Phong (which

34-601: A lucrative trade route to China. The late 19th-century French explorers were able to travel up the Red River until Manhao in South Yunnan , and then overland toward Kunming . The Red River remained the main commercial travel route between the French Indochina and Yunnan until the opening of the Kunming–Haiphong Railway in 1910. Although French steamers would be able to go as far upstream as Lao Cai during

51-476: A portion of the international border between China and Vietnam. The river, known as Thao River for this upper stretch, continues its southeasterly course through northwestern Vietnam before emerging from the mountains to reach the midlands. Its main tributaries, the Black River (Da River) and Lô River join in to form the very broad Hồng near the city of Việt Trì , Phú Thọ province . Downstream from Việt Trì,

68-468: A small boat up the Red River to Manhao (425 miles), and then 12 days overland (194 miles) to Kunming. Manhao was considered the head of navigation for the smallest vessels ( wupan 五版); so Yunnan's products such as tin would be brought to Manhao by pack mules, where they would be loaded to boats to be sent downstream. On the Manhao to Lao Cai section, where the current may be quite fast, especially during

85-636: Is in Yunnan province of China. From China, the river's course passes through the Vietnamese provinces of Lai Châu (where it forms part of the border with Điện Biên province ), Sơn La and Hòa Bình . The Black River is the most important tributary of the Red River , which it joins in Tam Nông district near Việt Trì in Phú Thọ province . It also forms part of the border between Phú Thọ province and Hanoi (previously

102-583: Is still in the planning stage. The total installed power capacity of this series of dams is approximately 1,300 megawatts . In Vietnam , there are three large hydroelectric plants on the Black River. The Hòa Bình Dam was completed in 1994. The Sơn La Dam was completed in 2012 and became the largest hydroelectric producer in Southeast Asia . The Lai Châu Dam in the Mường Tè district of Lai Châu province

119-611: The Gulf of Tonkin . According to C. Michael Hogan, the associated Red River Fault was instrumental in forming the entire South China Sea at least as early as 37 million years before present. The name red and southern position in China are associated in traditional cardinal directions . The river is relatively shallow, and carries a lot of reddish silt along its way, appearing red brown in colour. The Red River begins in China 's Yunnan province in

136-632: The Hong River ( traditional Chinese : 紅河 ; simplified Chinese : 红河 ; pinyin : Hóng Hé ; Vietnamese : Sông Hồng ; Chữ Nôm : 瀧紅) and Sông Cái ( lit.  "Main River"; Chữ Nôm : 瀧丐) in Vietnamese, and the Yuan River ( 元江 , Yuán Jiāng ) in Chinese, is a 1,149-kilometer (714 mi)-long river that flows from Yunnan in Southwest China through northern Vietnam to

153-603: The freshet season, traveling upstream in an wupan was much more difficult than downstream. According to one report, one could descend from Manhao to Lao Cai in just 10 hours, while sailing in the reverse direction could take 10 days, and sometimes as much as one month. Several hydroelectric dams have been constructed on the Red River in Yunnan: Many more dams exist on the Red River's tributaries, both in Yunnan and in Vietnam. One of

170-667: The Red River in Manhao. The high Manhao Bridge is a few kilometers upstream from the town; it carries Yunnan State Route 212 (S212). Another, low, bridge is in the town itself. The Red River around Manhao is not navigable for modern commercial ships (and the Madushan Dam, upstream of the town, has no ship lock ), but numerous dredges, both upstream and downstream from Manhao, extract sand from its bottom for use in construction. 23°01′05″N 103°20′51″E  /  23.01806°N 103.34750°E  / 23.01806; 103.34750 Red River (Asia) The Red River , also known as

187-455: The border with Hà Tây province ). The river's total length is 910 km, with approximately 427 km in China and 527 km in Vietnam. The Black River yields substantial hydroelectric power . In China, seven dams are planned of which six, the Yayangshan Dam , Shimenkan Dam , Longma Dam , Jufudu Dam , Gelantan Dam , and Tukahe Dam , have been completed. The Xinpingzhai Dam

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204-665: The earliest of them is the Thác Bà Dam in Vietnam, constructed in 1972, which forms the Thác Bà Lake . [REDACTED] Media related to Red River (Asia) at Wikimedia Commons Black River (Asia) The Black River , ( Vietnamese : Sông Đà , from the Tai language Da meaning "dark-brown") also known upstream as the Lixian River ( Chinese : 李仙江 ) in China, is a river located in China and northwestern Vietnam . Its source

221-565: The mountains south of Dali . Main headstreams Leqiu River , Xi River and Juli River confluence at Nanjian where they form the Lishe River . The Lishe River meets with another headstream, the Yijie River at Hongtupo , Chuxiong Prefecture . It flows generally southeastward, passing through Yi and Dai ethnic minority areas before leaving China through Yunnan's Honghe Autonomous Prefecture . It enters Vietnam at Lào Cai province and forms

238-506: The rainy season, during the dry season (November to April) steamship would not go upstream of Yên Bái ; thus, during that part of the year goods were moved by small vessels ( junks ). Thanks to the river, Haiphong was in the early 20th century the sea port most easily accessible from Kunming. Still, the travel time between Haiphong and Kunming was reckoned by the Western authorities at 28 days: it involved 16 days of travel by steamer and then

255-594: The river and its main distributaries, the Đuống River , Kinh Thầy River , Bạch Đằng River and the Thái Bình river system spread out to form the Red River Delta . The Red River flows past the Vietnamese capital Hanoi before emptying into the Gulf of Tonkin . Its estuary is an important Ramsar site and forms the main part of the Xuân Thủy National Park . The reddish-brown heavily silt-laden water gives

272-402: The river its name. The Red River is notorious for its violent floods with its seasonally wide volume fluctuations. Intense seasonal floods are made worse by erosion, development, and pollution. The delta is a major agricultural area of Vietnam with vast area devoted to rice. The land is protected by an elaborate network of dikes and levees . In the 19th century, the Red River was thought to be

289-408: Was the closest sea port to Kunming) to Kunming, one would need 28 days: it involved 16 days of travel by steamer and then a small boat up the Red River to Manhao (684 kilometers (425 mi)), and then 12 days overland (312 kilometers (194 mi)) to Kunming. The Madushan Dam is located a few kilometers upstream from Manhao; the dame is named after the nearby Madushan Village. Two bridges span

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