Misplaced Pages

#730269

32-472: Launched on 30 May 1999, the Malpensa Express originally ran between Malpensa Aeroporto and Milano Cadorna stations only. It was operated initially by Ferrovie Nord Milano and later by Trenitalia subsidiary LeNORD . In late 2010, airport rail services to and from Malpensa were reorganised. Malpensa Express services to and from Milano Cadorna, operated by Trenord , continued to link the airport with

64-665: A brand new color entirely. Many consumers are able to change the color of their vehicle to something that may not be available or even possible with paint. This may require disclosure to both the vehicle insurer and local vehicle authority, such as the DVLA in the UK, or the Department of motor vehicles (or equivalent) in each state of the USA. Paint protection films (PPF) are clear and OEM paint color match vinyl films designed to protect paint. Clear PPF allows

96-439: A car with a vinyl wrap. Demand for color matching vinyl wrap has grown. The wrap is manufactured to match vehicle paint colors and metallics, as well as in colors used in print such as Pantone colors. Most color change wraps are done to the exterior of a vehicle. Wrap installers can also wrap the door jambs (inner parts of the doors that can be seen when the doors are not closed) and other parts. These parts add additional cost to

128-419: A large fleet of vehicles into compliance with German law while maintaining the future resale value of the vehicle. Prior to this point, decommissioned taxis were heavily discounted or had to be completely repainted. With the use of vinyl vehicle wraps, there was no need to repaint them or discount them as the vinyl could be removed without damaging the paint underneath. KPMF documented after 3 years of taxi service

160-410: A molten dough-like mixture. The mixture is then extruded through a die and pressed into an increasingly thin sheet using a series of hard pressure rollers, called calendering rolls. When the material reaches the rollers, it passes through a series of decreasing gaps, which in turn increases the temperature and uniformity of the mixture. After each pass, the film becomes thinner and wider until the material

192-463: A powered section at each end, and unpowered sections in between. The TAF trains have two unpowered sections; the CSA trains have three. [REDACTED] Media related to Malpensa Express at Wikimedia Commons Malpensa Aeroporto Terminal 1 railway station Malpensa Aeroporto Terminal 1 is a railway station serving Terminal 1 of Milan–Malpensa Airport . It opened in 1999 as Malpensa Aeroporto , as

224-467: A solid film. Its thickness lies in the order of mils (thousandths of an inch) or μm (micrometers), and usually varies between 2 mils (51 μm) for printable media to 4 mils (100 μm) for solid color . Cast films conform well to curved shapes and strongly retain their original shape. This durability of shape allows for predictability on application and in applying heat to relax the material back to its natural form after modest stretching. Cast vinyl

256-436: A thin gauge film—usually 1- to 2-mil thick. By casting film on a sheet, the film stays in a more relaxed state, resulting in a durable, flexible, conformable and dimensionally stable film that retains color well. These films are ideal for complex surfaces such as vehicles and where a smooth finished look is expected. Calendered vinyl film or sheeting is manufactured by mixing powdered PVC, liquid softener and coloring agent into

288-429: A vehicle's original paint with a vinyl wrap. Generally this vinyl wrap will be a different color or finish like a gloss, matte, chrome or clear protective layer. The purpose may be for a color change, advertising or custom livery . Vinyl wraps were first used for advertising, resulting in vehicle becoming essentially mobile billboards . The vinyl sheets can later be removed with relative ease, drastically reducing

320-405: A wrap installation. Advancements in plastics have led to new types of vinyl designed specifically for wrap advertising, including vinyl sheets that feature bubble-preventing air channels. Microscopic glass beads are used to prevent an adhesive from functioning until the user is ready (the beads allow the material to be repeatedly lifted and reapplied during the wrapping process, without compromising

352-557: Is a combination of the colours burgundy, dark green and cream and sometimes sponsored coaches . Since February 2010, a new class of trains, the Convoglio Servizio Aeroportuale (English: Airport Service Convoy ) (CSA trains), has been gradually introduced. The CSA trains are designed specifically for the Malpensa Express services. Both classes of train are push-pull articulated electric multiple units , with

SECTION 10

#1732847672731

384-480: Is about 57 minutes; they both have 2' class. At Milano Centrale station, the Malpensa Express departs usually from tracks 1 or 2, and heads along the new railway section nicknamed the "Umbrella Handle" (opened on 31 July 2010, but not fully operational until 13 September 2010). the Malpensa Express then passes through Mirabello junction to join the line from Greco Pirelli to Milano Porta Garibaldi station (west of Milano Centrale station). At Porta Garibaldi station,

416-526: Is allowed with a special price ticket, but is also possible a limited use with other kind of tickets usually valid for trains in Lombardia region. Even the other rail service to Malpensa (TILO S50) has a similar ticket limitation scheme for journeys starting or ending in Malpensa. The original Malpensa Express trains were Treno ad alta frequentazione (English: High frequency trains ) (TAF trains). Their livery

448-535: Is first class only. The running times of the services (Milano Cadorna to Malpensa Airport Terminal 2) is about 43 minutes. From Milano Cadorna, the Malpensa Express runs along the Milan–Saronno railway to its first stop at Milano Bovisa , where there is interchange with trains to Erba and Asso and the suburban service to Camnago-Lentate . The Malpensa Express then continues to Saronno (roughly halfway between Cadorna and Malpensa), which offers interchange with

480-417: Is formed into a thin sheet of vinyl. The vinyl is then cooled, wound, and later coated with adhesive. A number of municipalities have introduced strict laws in order to mandate against mobile advertisements ; this has partially been due to the fact that wrap advertisements are purposefully circulated throughout high-density areas. New York City is a notable example, where any sort of motorized advertisement

512-417: Is less prone to shrinkage because stress (such as extrusion as in calendared films) is not applied to the material during the manufacturing process. The term "cast" refers to the manufacturing process of this type of vinyl. Cast films are considered the industry premium. These films start in a liquid state with the ingredients blended together and then poured onto a casting sheet. The casting process produces

544-400: Is outlawed. California also has strict rules . Mobile billboards have been identified as a contributing factor in the city's already-problematic traffic congestion. Color change wraps are similar in that a vinyl (although a cast vinyl sheet) is used to cover parts or whole vehicles in a new color or in a protective form of a color matching vinyl that may match an OEM paint color or may be

576-417: The 1980s, with the first dominant patent registered by a British company called Contra Vision. There are three main types of vinyl wrap for automotive vehicles: Cast vinyl is the most common material used in color change wraps. Cast vinyl starts as a liquid and is cast into a sheet or form and then processed through ovens, evaporating solvents in the liquid. When the solvents evaporate, the remainder forms

608-533: The Malpensa Express uses the new route (to the north of the old one), which crosses Farini yard. It reaches PM Ghisolfa and leaves the RFI network to enter tracks 1 and 2 at Milano Bovisa station . The rest of the Malpensa Express route from Bovisa-Politenico station to Malpensa is the same as for its counterparts from Cadorna. The use of above trains for journeys starting or ending in Malpensa Airport Stations

640-538: The airport and continues then to Terminal 2. There are two kind of train services linking Milano Centrale to Malpensa Airport. One service ( MXP ) calls at Milano Porta Garibaldi (a station more often used than Centrale by commuters around the city), Milano Bovisa, Saronno and Busto Arsizio Nord; the other service ( R ) call at Milano Porta Garibaldi, Milano Bovisa, Saronno, Rescaldina, Castellanza, Busto Arsizio Nord and Ferno-Lonate Pozzolo. The running times of both services (Milano Centrale to Malpensa Airport Terminal 2)

672-686: The city. To coincide with the timetable change on 10 December 2010, however, new services to Milano Centrale were introduced. In December 2016 a 3.4-kilometre (2.1 mi) extension of the line from Terminal 1 to Terminal 2 opened. The new Malpensa Terminal 2 railway station is 200 metres north of the T2 arrivals hall, that is accessed by an outdoor covered walkway. The Malpensa Express runs: There are stopping services (Milano Bovisa, Saronno and Busto Arsizio Nord) linking Milano Cadorna station to Malpensa Airport, indicated as MXP (the IATA code for Malpensa) and usually

SECTION 20

#1732847672731

704-404: The costs associated with changing advertisements. Vehicle vinyl wrap and color change wrap grew in popularity out of the wrap advertising business. The first attempts at using the plastic in commercial applications failed as a result of being too fragile. In 1926, Waldo Semon invented the vinyl still used today by introducing additives to PVC that made it flexible and easier to process. One of

736-428: The earliest cosmetic vinyl treatments dates to the 1950s and an aftermarket product by Newhouse Automotive Industries of Los Angeles , California . Costs for do-it-yourself (DIY) partial decorative ( plaid or polka dot ) vinyl treatments ranged from $ 10–20. The Newhouse Automotive ads described vinyl as the "very latest automotive sensation:" vehicle wraps. These ads began in 1954. The world's first total bus wrap

768-473: The lines for the cities of Varese - Laveno , or Como , or Seregno . From Saronno, the Malpensa Express proceeds along the Saronno–Novara railway , to the junction at Sacconago, located just beyond Busto Arsizio , which is the final stop before Malpensa Airport. It then heads to the airport along a rail link branching off to the right from the line to Novara . The Malpensa Express stops at Terminal 1 of

800-441: The longevity of the wrap). The vinyl is heated with a heat gun or torch for the purpose of molding the material around objects. Decals can be made to cover side and rear windows on a vehicle, but for safety reasons, the front windows used by the driver are not covered. The decals on side windows are typically perforated , so that it is still possible for passengers to look outside. This See-through graphic technology originated in

832-534: The shift from small production vinyl lettering to a full vehicle vinyl color change took place in Germany in 1993 when the vinyl manufacturer Kay Premium Marking Films (KPMF) was asked to produce a film to be used in place of paint for the purpose of converting cars into taxis . At this time, German taxi companies were required by law to paint their fleets in a government-mandated color, beige . KPMF provided an alternative to painting, which allowed taxi companies to bring

864-470: The substrates surface thereby permitting air flow between adjacent sections. In addition, these beads allow for the vinyl to be repeatedly removed and reapplied until the beads are broken by firmly pressing the vinyl using a small hard squeegee. Once the beads are broken the vinyl will be firmly adhered to the substrates surface. Proprietary company blends of polymer in the vinyl allowed the material to conform to compound curves, recesses, and corrugations through

896-534: The then western terminus of the Busto Arsizio–Malpensa Airport railway, and is managed by Ferrovienord . In 2016, following the 3.4 kilometer railway extension to Terminal 2 , the station was renamed Malpensa Aeroporto Terminal 1 . The train services are operated by Trenord and TILO and run on a clock-face schedule : Wrap advertising A vehicle vinyl wrap is the automotive aftermarket practice of completely or partially covering

928-430: The use of heat guns and torches. By 2017, color change vinyl wraps, paint color matching vinyl wraps, and overlaminates evolved to include complex and creative graphic designs and advanced colors. Metallic, chrome, color shifting and even vinyl wraps that match OEM paint code colors are available. Color change and paint wrap is a term used by wrap installers and refers to a full-color change, as if one were 'painting'

960-437: Was complete, the vinyl was removed leaving a "pristine and unscratched paint surface". The first world's first digitally printed vehicle wrap is thought to have been created for Pepsi Co in 1993, which used vinyl to wrap a bus promoting its Crystal Pepsi product. It wasn't long before bus wrap advertising was everywhere and the new form of vehicle graphics trickled down to smaller businesses and consumers. Wrapping whole vehicles

992-518: Was produced in 1991 by Contra Vision in New Zealand for the Pan Pacific Hotel. The bus was converted into a mobile billboard which still allowed passengers inside to see out. The glass was covered with see-through graphics (one-way vision window graphics) using a clear PET window film which was part screen printed and part spray painted. The bodywork was directly spray painted. A large milestone in

Malpensa Express - Misplaced Pages Continue

1024-427: Was still challenging. Majority of the difficulties came from premature adhesion and air bubbles under the vinyl. As technology improved, companies like Avery Dennison, 3M and Oracal developed the use of air-channels that made the vinyl repositionable and allowed for bubble-free installation. Air-channel, created using microscopic glass beads incorporated into the vinyl's adhesive, prevented the vinyl from fully sticking to

#730269