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23-482: In the street, house numbers 11-13 were formerly barrack buildings. At Maillingerstraße 11, a three-story extension was built in 1979 for the payment agency for Bavarian state employees. Since 1968, the offices of the Bavarian State Office of Criminal Investigation have been located on the street, on the site of the artillery barracks, in which a part of the listed former barracks building at Maillingerstraße 15

46-465: A human operator looking at the prints, provided the matching score is high enough. "Lights-out" or "auto-confirm" is often used in civil identification systems, and is increasingly used in criminal identification systems as well. For many years, the FBI have presented the claim that fingerprint identification is a fully accurate and dependable source for profiling and identification. The belief in this technique

69-420: Is a closely related technique used in applications such as attendance and access control systems. On a technical level, verification systems verify a claimed identity (a user might claim to be John by presenting his PIN or ID card and verify his identity using his fingerprint), whereas identification systems determine identity based solely on fingerprints. AFISs have been used in large-scale civil identifications,

92-550: Is also a modern central office for information, analyzing police intelligence from home and abroad and transmitting it to police stations. It collates data on criminal offences and offenders in crime statistics that are used as a basis for new strategies, policy decisions, and legislative initiatives. It also analyzes certain offense areas, evaluates the police measures executed in each case, forecasts expected tendencies, and describes events in annual reports. The LKA maintains forensic equipment for central examination of evidence using

115-467: Is the process of using a computer to match fingerprints against a database of known and unknown prints in the fingerprint identification system. Automated fingerprint identification systems (AFIS) are primarily used by law enforcement agencies for criminal identification purposes, the most important of which is the identification of a person suspected of committing a crime or linking a suspect to other unsolved crimes. Automated fingerprint verification

138-723: The European Union , the United Kingdom , Bangladesh , India , Israel , Pakistan , Sri Lanka , Argentina , Turkey , Morocco , Italy , Chile , Peru , Venezuela , Australia , Denmark , the International Criminal Police Organization , and various states, provinces, and local administrative regions — have their own systems, which are used for a variety of purposes, including criminal identification, applicant background checks, receipt of benefits, and receipt of credentials (such as passports). In Australia,

161-920: The Munich subway . The station opened on 8 May, 1983. Landeskriminalamt The State Criminal Police Office , or Landeskriminalamt ( German: [ˈlandəskʁimiˌnaːlʔamt] ( LKA) pronounced [ɛlkaːʔˈaː] ) in German, is an independent law enforcement agency in all 16 German states that is directly subordinate to the state's ministry of the interior. LKAs supervise police operations aimed at preventing and investigating criminal offences, and coordinate investigations of serious crime involving more than one Präsidium (regional headquarters). They can take over investigative responsibility in cases of serious crime, e.g. drug trafficking, organized crime, environmental and white-collar crime or extremist and terrorist offences. Each Landeskriminalamt

184-685: The Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina was briefly housed in Maillingerstraße 32 in 1995. Maillingerstraße is partially depicted in the Munich map in the 4th edition of Meyers Konversations-Lexikon (1888). In it, the area which corresponds to today´s even house numbers (2-24) appears to be built on. The Munich map in the 14th edition of the Brockhaus Konversations-Lexikon (1891) shows the entire street had been developed further and includes

207-484: The Pruem treaty's decentral infrastructure allows AFIS queries on all European criminal AFISs within a reasonable time. Fingerprint-matching algorithms vary greatly in terms of Type I (false positive) and Type II (false negative) error rates. They also vary in terms of features such as image rotation invariance and independence from a reference point (usually, the "core", or center of the fingerprint pattern). The accuracy of

230-587: The United States, and is managed by the FBI . However, the IAFIS is being retired to make room for a more improved software called the Next Generation Identification (NGI) system. Many states also have their own AFISs. AFISs have capabilities such as latent searching, electronic image storage, and electronic exchange of fingerprints and responses. Many other countries and entities — including Canada ,

253-483: The algorithm, print matching speed, robustness to poor image quality, and the characteristics noted above are critical elements of system performance. Fingerprint matching has an enormous computational burden. Some larger AFIS vendors deploy custom hardware while others use software to attain matching speed and throughput. In general, it is desirable to have, at the least, a two-stage search. The first stage will generally make use of global fingerprint characteristics while

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276-513: The bags of the explosives that had been left at the station. After careful consideration, it was determined by the FBI that the fingerprints left on the bag had matched to an individual in Portland, Oregon named Brandon Mayfield . This case, however, went on to change the entire outlook of fingerprint identification within the FBI, as it was later determined that he had been wrongly arrested. Because of this,

299-411: The chief purpose of which is to prevent multiple enrollments in an electoral, welfare, driver licensing, or similar system. Another benefit of a civil AFISs is to check the background of job applicants for sensitive posts and educational personnel who have close contact with children. The United States Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System (IAFIS) holds the fingerprint sets collected in

322-585: The latest scientific methods (e.g. DNA analysis, Automatic Fingerprint Identification System) . LKAs also coordinate support for local police in hostage, kidnapping, and blackmail situations and provide experts in such cases, e.g., the SWAT team Spezialeinsatzkommando , the negotiation group or bomb disposal experts. It is also the central office for physical security technology and crime prevention, and coordinates state anti-drug programs. Automated fingerprint identification Automated fingerprint identification

345-508: The locomotive factory and the infantry barracks. From 21 October, 1876, the first line of Munich's horse tram from Promenade Square to what later became Burgfrieden-Maillingerstraße in Nymphenburger Straße, ended here, and was the precursor of the electric tram . Maillingerstraße U-Bahn station , on Nymphenburger Straße, is near Maillingerstraße. The station is on the U1 / U7 lines of

368-494: The newly established Marsstraße. From 1890, the street leading from Marsstraße was initially called Haslangstraße, (for a Bavarian field marshal ), then from 1947, Baudrexelstraße, named after the master builder Josef Baudrexel (1861-1943). The State Salary Office was on Baudrexelstraße 2. After integration into the new building of the State Office of Criminal Investigation, it became Maillingerstraße 11. The Consulate General of

391-472: The number of missed identifications, and these searches can return from one to ten possible matches. Latent to tenprint searching will frequently return many (often fifty or more) candidates because of limited and poor quality input data. The confirmation of system-suggested candidates is usually performed by a technician in forensic systems. In recent years, though, "lights-out" or "auto-confirm" algorithms produce "identified" or "non-identified" responses without

414-491: The prints to determine the points of similarity in order to tell if they have secured a match, varies from examiner to examiner and from laboratory to laboratory. The decision process, unfortunately, is entirely subjective to the individual running the tests and there is no way to ensure that the examiner will not be susceptible to observer bias. In 2004, after the Madrid train bombings , there were partial fingerprints identified from

437-423: The second stage is the minutia matcher. In any case, the search systems return results with some numerical measure of the probability of a match (a "score"). In ten-print searching, using a "search threshold" parameter to increase accuracy, there should seldom be more than a single candidate unless there are multiple records from the same candidate in the database. Many systems use a broader search in order to reduce

460-644: The system is called the National Automated Fingerprint Identification System . European police agencies are now required by a European council act to open their AFISs to each other to improve the war on terror and the investigation of cross-border crime. The act followed the Prüm treaty , an initiative between the countries Belgium, Germany, Spain, France, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and Austria. While technically not being an AFIS itself,

483-494: Was based on the assumption that there are no two fingerprints that are the same and that every person has their own unique pattern. However, there is no scientific evidence or studies that have been done to support this claim. This can also be applied to other forms of forensic identification, such as bite mark analysis — also known as forensic dentistry , which can be seen in a case of Levon Brooks. In terms of fingerprint identification, FBI agents who are responsible for examining

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506-571: Was integrated. This building and five other four- to five-storey apartment buildings in Maillingerstraße are historically listed buildings. They refer to The Bavarian industrialist Georg Krauß founded the locomotive factory Krauss & Comp. on the Marsfeld in Munich-Neuhausen on 17 June, 1866. It was painted in 1882 by Friedrich Perlberg. The factory was located at Maillingerstraße 33. A newly built administration building constructed in 1922/23

529-669: Was sold to Deutsche Reichsbahn . The composer Carl Orff , was born in 1895 in Maillingerstraße 16 and lived there until October 1939. From 1924 on, the Grünsfelder brothers owned a wholesale metal shop at Maillingerstraße 23, the former bell foundry of Ulrich Kortler (1846-1928). They emigrated to the United States during Aryanization in Munich. Areas which were part of Maillingerstraße were renamed in 1965/67 Helmholtzstraße (the Munich ATEGE camp II in Maillingerstraße 73 became Helmholtzstraße 15, for example), other areas were added to

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