76-603: Maiasaura (from the Greek μαῖα , meaning "good mother" and σαύρα , the feminine form of saurus , meaning "reptile") is a large herbivorous saurolophine hadrosaurid ("duck-billed") dinosaur genus that lived in the area currently covered by the state of Montana and the Canadian province of Alberta . in the Upper Cretaceous Period (mid to late Campanian ), from 86.3 to 70.6 million years ago. Maiasaura peeblesorum
152-561: A Linear B clay tablet found in Messenia that dates to between 1450 and 1350 BC, making Greek the world's oldest recorded living language . Among the Indo-European languages, its date of earliest written attestation is matched only by the now-extinct Anatolian languages . The Greek language is conventionally divided into the following periods: In the modern era, the Greek language entered
228-570: A basis for coinages: anthropology , photography , telephony , isomer , biomechanics , cinematography , etc. Together with Latin words , they form the foundation of international scientific and technical vocabulary ; for example, all words ending in -logy ('discourse'). There are many English words of Greek origin . Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European language family. The ancient language most closely related to it may be ancient Macedonian , which, by most accounts,
304-508: A faster, more convenient cursive writing style with the use of ink and quill . The Greek alphabet consists of 24 letters, each with an uppercase ( majuscule ) and lowercase ( minuscule ) form. The letter sigma has an additional lowercase form (ς) used in the final position of a word: In addition to the letters, the Greek alphabet features a number of diacritical signs : three different accent marks ( acute , grave , and circumflex ), originally denoting different shapes of pitch accent on
380-573: A lesser extent, in the Western Mediterranean in and around colonies such as Massalia , Monoikos , and Mainake . It was also used as the official language of government and religion in the Christian Nubian kingdoms , for most of their history. Greek, in its modern form, is the official language of Greece, where it is spoken by almost the entire population. It is also the official language of Cyprus (nominally alongside Turkish ) and
456-400: A limited but productive system of compounding and a rich inflectional system. Although its morphological categories have been fairly stable over time, morphological changes are present throughout, particularly in the nominal and verbal systems. The major change in the nominal morphology since the classical stage was the disuse of the dative case (its functions being largely taken over by
532-410: A mainly quadrupedal style of walking when they grew larger. Maiasaura , like most other hadrosaurs, possessed little in the way of obvious weaponry, though likely could defend themselves with kicks, stomps, or their muscular tails. It is likely that they primarily resorted to fleeing in the face of danger, using the vast sizes of their herds to be less likely to be targeted. Mass bone beds discovered in
608-453: A mixed syllable structure, permitting complex syllabic onsets but very restricted codas. It has only oral vowels and a fairly stable set of consonantal contrasts . The main phonological changes occurred during the Hellenistic and Roman period (see Koine Greek phonology for details): In all its stages, the morphology of Greek shows an extensive set of productive derivational affixes ,
684-501: A more quadrupedal stance as they aged. It was also found that Maiasaura also included rotting wood in its diet, as well that its environment had a long, dry season prone to drought. The results of the study were published in the journal Palaeobiology on September 3, 2015. A paper from 2007 showed that Maiasaura had a diet consisting of fibrous plants , wood , rotting wood , tree bark , leaves , branches , ferns , angiosperms and possibly grasses . This would imply that Maiasaura
760-472: A size of 41 to 147 centimetres (16 to 58 in) long in the span of their first year. At this point, or perhaps after another year, the animal left the nest. This high rate of growth may be evidence of warm bloodedness . The hatchlings had different facial proportions from the adults, with larger eyes and a shorter snout. These features are associated with cuteness , and commonly elicit care from parents in animals dependent on their parents for survival during
836-409: A state of diglossia : the coexistence of vernacular and archaizing written forms of the language. What came to be known as the Greek language question was a polarization between two competing varieties of Modern Greek: Dimotiki , the vernacular form of Modern Greek proper, and Katharevousa , meaning 'purified', a compromise between Dimotiki and Ancient Greek developed in the early 19th century that
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#1732858314568912-459: A vacation home. Letterman has talked about the ranch on his late-night show and showed photos of a black bear invading the place in September 2003. On his first show after the attacks of September 11, 2001, Letterman gave an impassioned monologue about New York City in the aftermath. He concluded his seven-minute speech by mentioning Choteau's rally to raise money for victims of the attacks, despite
988-428: Is a city in and the county seat of Teton County , Montana , United States. The population was 1,721 at the 2020 census . Choteau is named after French fur merchant, trader and explorer Pierre Chouteau, Jr. , who is also the namesake of Chouteau County , Montana. Fort Pierre, South Dakota , and Pierre, South Dakota , are also named after Chouteau. Originally a trading post established by A. B. Hamilton in 1873,
1064-761: Is sometimes called aljamiado , as when Romance languages are written in the Arabic alphabet. Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Greek: Transcription of the example text into Latin alphabet : Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in English: Proto-Greek Mycenaean Ancient Koine Medieval Modern Choteau, Montana Choteau
1140-758: Is still used internationally for the writing of Ancient Greek . In Greek, the question mark is written as the English semicolon, while the functions of the colon and semicolon are performed by a raised point (•), known as the ano teleia ( άνω τελεία ). In Greek the comma also functions as a silent letter in a handful of Greek words, principally distinguishing ό,τι ( ó,ti , 'whatever') from ότι ( óti , 'that'). Ancient Greek texts often used scriptio continua ('continuous writing'), which means that ancient authors and scribes would write word after word with no spaces or punctuation between words to differentiate or mark boundaries. Boustrophedon , or bi-directional text,
1216-472: Is the Teton Pass Ski Area . The area has downhill skiing, backcountry skiing, and snowmobile trails. Just to the south is Freezout Lake, a bird watcher's paradise. Hundreds of thousands of birds gather at the lake during peak migration. 230 species have been documented at the lake. Choteau experiences a semi-arid climate ( Köppen BSk ) with cold, dry winters and warm, more humid summers. As of
1292-510: Is the state fossil of Montana. The first remains of Maiasaura peeblesorum were discovered in the Two Medicine Formation near Chouteau, Montana in 1978 by Bynum, Montana resident Laurie Trexler. This holotype specimen was later described by Horner and Makela in 1979. The given genus name refers to the finding of Maiasaura peeblesorum eggs, embryos, and juveniles in a nest-like structure by Marion Brandvold in 1978 relatively close to
1368-611: Is to modern spoken English ". Greek is spoken today by at least 13 million people, principally in Greece and Cyprus along with a sizable Greek-speaking minority in Albania near the Greek-Albanian border. A significant percentage of Albania's population has knowledge of the Greek language due in part to the Albanian wave of immigration to Greece in the 1980s and '90s and the Greek community in
1444-544: The British Overseas Territory of Akrotiri and Dhekelia (alongside English ). Because of the membership of Greece and Cyprus in the European Union, Greek is one of the organization's 24 official languages . Greek is recognized as a minority language in Albania, and used co-officially in some of its municipalities, in the districts of Gjirokastër and Sarandë . It is also an official minority language in
1520-637: The European canon . Greek is also the language in which many of the foundational texts in science and philosophy were originally composed. The New Testament of the Christian Bible was also originally written in Greek. Together with the Latin texts and traditions of the Roman world , the Greek texts and Greek societies of antiquity constitute the objects of study of the discipline of Classics . During antiquity , Greek
1596-510: The Indo-Iranian languages (see Graeco-Aryan ), but little definitive evidence has been found. In addition, Albanian has also been considered somewhat related to Greek and Armenian, and it has been proposed that they all form a higher-order subgroup along with other extinct languages of the ancient Balkans; this higher-order subgroup is usually termed Palaeo-Balkan , and Greek has a central position in it. Linear B , attested as early as
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#17328583145681672-747: The United Kingdom , and throughout the European Union , especially in Germany . Historically, significant Greek-speaking communities and regions were found throughout the Eastern Mediterranean , in what are today Southern Italy , Turkey , Cyprus , Syria , Lebanon , Israel , Palestine , Egypt , and Libya ; in the area of the Black Sea , in what are today Turkey, Bulgaria , Romania , Ukraine , Russia , Georgia , Armenia , and Azerbaijan ; and, to
1748-485: The census of 2010, there were 1,684 people, 791 households, and 441 families residing in the city. The population density was 920.2 inhabitants per square mile (355.3/km ). There were 888 housing units at an average density of 485.2 per square mile (187.3/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 95.0% White , 2.1% Native American , 0.2% Asian , 0.1% Pacific Islander , 0.3% from other races , and 2.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.7% of
1824-411: The ceratopsians Albertaceratops , Anchiceratops , Chasmosaurus , Coronosaurus , and Wendiceratops , as well as the dromaeosaurids Dromaeosaurus , Saurornitholestes , and Hesperonychus , the tyrannosaurid Daspletosaurus , the orodromine thescelosaurid Albertadromeus , the pachycephalosaurs Foraminacephale and Hanssuesia , the ornithomimid Struthiomimus ,
1900-468: The genitive ). The verbal system has lost the infinitive , the synthetically -formed future, and perfect tenses and the optative mood . Many have been replaced by periphrastic ( analytical ) forms. Pronouns show distinctions in person (1st, 2nd, and 3rd), number (singular, dual , and plural in the ancient language; singular and plural alone in later stages), and gender (masculine, feminine, and neuter), and decline for case (from six cases in
1976-417: The syntax of Greek have remained constant: verbs agree with their subject only, the use of the surviving cases is largely intact (nominative for subjects and predicates, accusative for objects of most verbs and many prepositions, genitive for possessors), articles precede nouns, adpositions are largely prepositional, relative clauses follow the noun they modify and relative pronouns are clause-initial. However,
2052-480: The troodontids Stenonychosaurus and Troodon and the basal ornithopod Orodromeus , as well as the dromaeosaurid Bambiraptor and the tyrannosaur Daspletosaurus . Another species of hadrosaurids, referable to the genus Hypacrosaurus , coexisted with Maiasaura for some time, as Hypacrosaurus remains have been found lower in the Two Medicine Formation than was earlier known. The discovery of an additional hadrosaurid, Gryposaurus latidens , in
2128-566: The 20th century on), especially from French and English, are typically not inflected; other modern borrowings are derived from Albanian , South Slavic ( Macedonian / Bulgarian ) and Eastern Romance languages ( Aromanian and Megleno-Romanian ). Greek words have been widely borrowed into other languages, including English. Example words include: mathematics , physics , astronomy , democracy , philosophy , athletics , theatre, rhetoric , baptism , evangelist , etc. Moreover, Greek words and word elements continue to be productive as
2204-538: The Greek alphabet since approximately the 9th century BC. It was created by modifying the Phoenician alphabet , with the innovation of adopting certain letters to represent the vowels. The variant of the alphabet in use today is essentially the late Ionic variant, introduced for writing classical Attic in 403 BC. In classical Greek, as in classical Latin, only upper-case letters existed. The lower-case Greek letters were developed much later by medieval scribes to permit
2280-540: The Greek language was the Cypriot syllabary (also a descendant of Linear A via the intermediate Cypro-Minoan syllabary ), which is closely related to Linear B but uses somewhat different syllabic conventions to represent phoneme sequences. The Cypriot syllabary is attested in Cyprus from the 11th century BC until its gradual abandonment in the late Classical period, in favor of the standard Greek alphabet. Greek has been written in
2356-583: The Indo-European language family. It is native to Greece , Cyprus , Italy (in Calabria and Salento ), southern Albania , and other regions of the Balkans , Caucasus , the Black Sea coast, Asia Minor , and the Eastern Mediterranean . It has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning at least 3,400 years of written records. Its writing system is the Greek alphabet , which has been used for approximately 2,800 years; previously, Greek
Maiasaura - Misplaced Pages Continue
2432-521: The Two Medicine Formation show that herds could be extremely large and comprise as many as 10,000 individuals. Hundreds of specimens have been found throughout all stages of life, allowing for M. peeblesorum to be used for understanding how hadrosaurids grew. Maiasaura peeblesorum lived in a terrestrial habitats. A skull of Maiasaura , specimen PU 22405 (now in the collections of the Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History as YPM PU 22405 following
2508-585: The Two Medicine Formation) indicates that the apparent diversification was a real event rather than a result of preservational biases. While Maiasaura has historically been associated with the Two Medicine formation ceratopsid Einiosaurus in a single fauna, this is inaccurate, as Maiasaura is known exclusively from older strata. In the Oldman Formation of Alberta, Maiasaura lived alongside
2584-404: The acute during the late 20th century, and it has only been retained in typography . After the writing reform of 1982, most diacritics are no longer used. Since then, Greek has been written mostly in the simplified monotonic orthography (or monotonic system), which employs only the acute accent and the diaeresis. The traditional system, now called the polytonic orthography (or polytonic system),
2660-420: The age of 18 living with them, 46.8% were married couples living together, 8.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 42.4% were non-families. 39.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 21.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.13 and the average family size was 2.82. In the city, the population was spread out, with 22.7% under
2736-459: The age of 18, 4.4% from 18 to 24, 21.4% from 25 to 44, 25.8% from 45 to 64, and 25.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females there ware 86.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 80.9 males. The median income for a household in the city was $ 25,708, and the median income for a family was $ 35,655. Males had a median income of $ 22,429 versus $ 17,098 for females. The per capita income for
2812-471: The animals survived their second year, their mortality rate would drop to 12.7%. The animals would spend their next six years maturing and growing. Sexual maturity was found to occur in their third year, while skeletal maturity was attained at eight years of age. In their eighth year and beyond, the mortality rate for Maiasaura would spike back to around 44.4%. The studies that followed also found that Maiasaurs were primarily bipedal as juveniles, and switched to
2888-474: The arrival of Proto-Greeks, some documented in Mycenaean texts ; they include a large number of Greek toponyms . The form and meaning of many words have changed. Loanwords (words of foreign origin) have entered the language, mainly from Latin, Venetian , and Turkish . During the older periods of Greek, loanwords into Greek acquired Greek inflections, thus leaving only a foreign root word. Modern borrowings (from
2964-659: The city was $ 14,999. About 12.7% of families and 17.6% of the population were below the poverty line , including 30.2% of those under the age of 18 and 12.5% of those 65 and older. Choteau is part of the Montana Dinosaur Trail . The town is near one of the world's most important paleontology sites, Egg Mountain . The Old Trail Museum in Choteau is home to the Montana state fossil, the Maiasaura . The 3-D display can be viewed during
3040-477: The city. The population density was 994.3 people per square mile (383.9/km ). There were 897 housing units at an average density of 500.8 per square mile (193.4/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 93.94% White , 0.06% African American , 2.92% Native American , 0.11% Asian , 0.22% from other races , and 2.75% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.18% of the population. There were 807 households, out of which 24.9% had children under
3116-467: The colonies were packed closely together, like those of modern seabirds, with the gap between the nests being around 7 metres (23 ft); less than the length of the adult animal. The nests were made of earth and contained 30 to 40 eggs laid in a circular or spiral pattern. The eggs were about the size of ostrich eggs and are oval shaped with one slightly more pointed end. Fossilized M. peeblesorum eggs are black in color and have high, prominent ridges on
Maiasaura - Misplaced Pages Continue
3192-765: The country. Prior to the Greco-Turkish War and the resulting population exchange in 1923 a very large population of Greek-speakers also existed in Turkey , though very few remain today. A small Greek-speaking community is also found in Bulgaria near the Greek-Bulgarian border. Greek is also spoken worldwide by the sizable Greek diaspora which has notable communities in the United States , Australia , Canada , South Africa , Chile , Brazil , Argentina , Russia , Ukraine ,
3268-441: The dative led to a rise of prepositional indirect objects (and the use of the genitive to directly mark these as well). Ancient Greek tended to be verb-final, but neutral word order in the modern language is VSO or SVO. Modern Greek inherits most of its vocabulary from Ancient Greek, which in turn is an Indo-European language, but also includes a number of borrowings from the languages of the populations that inhabited Greece before
3344-438: The discovery of Maiasaura attracted renewed scientific interest to the Two Medicine Formation and many other new kinds of dinosaurs were discovered as a result of the increased attention. Choteau Maiasaura remains are found in higher strata than their Two Medicine River counterparts. Maiasaura peeblesorum is in the tribe Brachylophosaurini along with these related taxa: The following cladogram of hadrosaurid relationships
3420-481: The distinguishing characteristic of Maiasaura peeblesorum is a prominent short, solid crest-like structure situated between their eyes. This crest may have been used in headbutting contests between males during the breeding season. Maiasaura were herbivorous . They were capable of walking both on two ( bipedal ) or four ( quadrupedal ) legs. Studies of the stress patterns of healed bones show that young juveniles under four years old walked mainly bipedal, switching to
3496-528: The earliest forms attested to four in the modern language). Nouns, articles, and adjectives show all the distinctions except for a person. Both attributive and predicative adjectives agree with the noun. The inflectional categories of the Greek verb have likewise remained largely the same over the course of the language's history but with significant changes in the number of distinctions within each category and their morphological expression. Greek verbs have synthetic inflectional forms for: Many aspects of
3572-427: The early stages of life. Studies led by Holly Woodward , Jack Horner, Freedman Fowler et al. have given insight into the life history of Maiasaura , resulting in what is perhaps the most detailed life history of any dinosaur known, and to which all others can be compared. From a sample of fifty individual Maiasaura tibiae, it was found that Maiasaurs had a mortality rate of about 89.9% in their first year of life. If
3648-412: The extent that one can speak of a new language emerging. Greek speakers today still tend to regard literary works of ancient Greek as part of their own rather than a foreign language. It is also often stated that the historical changes have been relatively slight compared with some other languages. According to one estimation, " Homeric Greek is probably closer to Demotic than 12-century Middle English
3724-586: The families of John and James Peebles, on whose land the finds were made. The generic name refers to Marion Brandvold's discovery in 1978 of a nest with remains of eggshells and babies too large to be hatchlings. These discoveries led to others, and the area became known as "Egg Mountain", in rocks of the Two Medicine Formation near Choteau in western Montana. This was the first proof of giant dinosaurs raising and feeding their young. Over 200 specimens, in all age ranges, have been found. The announcement of
3800-479: The holotype specimen. This discovery of fifteen juvenile dinosaurs in close proximity to an adult showed the first instance of parental and social behavior in dinosaurs. It allowed for interpretations such as that Maiasaura peeblesorum fed its young while they were in the nest. Further work in this area led to the discovery of more dinosaur eggs, leading to the area being named “Egg Mountain.” Hundreds of bones of Maiasaura peeblesorum have been dug up. Maiasaura
3876-449: The language show both conservative and innovative tendencies across the entire attestation of the language from the ancient to the modern period. The division into conventional periods is, as with all such periodizations, relatively arbitrary, especially because, in all periods, Ancient Greek has enjoyed high prestige, and the literate borrowed heavily from it. Across its history, the syllabic structure of Greek has varied little: Greek shows
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#17328583145683952-463: The late 15th century BC, was the first script used to write Greek. It is basically a syllabary , which was finally deciphered by Michael Ventris and John Chadwick in the 1950s (its precursor, Linear A , has not been deciphered and most likely encodes a non-Greek language). The language of the Linear B texts, Mycenaean Greek , is the earliest known form of Greek. Another similar system used to write
4028-739: The long drought there, as an example of the spirit of the United States. On March 19, 2009, Letterman married his girlfriend of 23 years at the Teton County Courthouse in Choteau. In 2008, school authorities in Choteau made national news headlines by canceling a speaking engagement by Nobel laureate climate researcher Steve Running , who was scheduled to speak to local high school students. Choteau Public Schools serves all grades of children. In 2022, grades K-8 had 240 students with 19.5 full-time equivalency teachers. The high school had 107 students with 10 teachers. The Choteau Acantha
4104-448: The many other countries of the Greek diaspora . Greek roots have been widely used for centuries and continue to be widely used to coin new words in other languages; Greek and Latin are the predominant sources of international scientific vocabulary . Greek has been spoken in the Balkan peninsula since around the 3rd millennium BC, or possibly earlier. The earliest written evidence is
4180-465: The morphological changes also have their counterparts in the syntax, and there are also significant differences between the syntax of the ancient and that of the modern form of the language . Ancient Greek made great use of participial constructions and of constructions involving the infinitive, and the modern variety lacks the infinitive entirely (employing a raft of new periphrastic constructions instead) and uses participles more restrictively. The loss of
4256-479: The other hadrosaurids Brachylophosaurus , Corythosaurus , and Parasaurolophus , and the ankylosaurid Scolosaurus . [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] Greek language Greek ( Modern Greek : Ελληνικά , romanized : Elliniká , [eliniˈka] ; Ancient Greek : Ἑλληνική , romanized : Hellēnikḗ ) is an Indo-European language, constituting an independent Hellenic branch within
4332-435: The outer surface. The eggs were incubated by the heat resulting from rotting vegetation placed into the nest by the parents, rather than a parent sitting on the nest. Upon hatching, fossils of baby Maiasaura show that their legs were not fully developed and thus they were incapable of walking. Fossils also show that their teeth were partly worn, which means that the adults brought food to the nest. The hatchlings grew from
4408-437: The population. There were 791 households, of which 21.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.8% were married couples living together, 6.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 44.2% were non-families. 39.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 20% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size
4484-622: The regions of Apulia and Calabria in Italy. In the framework of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages , Greek is protected and promoted officially as a regional and minority language in Armenia, Hungary , Romania, and Ukraine. It is recognized as a minority language and protected in Turkey by the 1923 Treaty of Lausanne . The phonology , morphology , syntax , and vocabulary of
4560-460: The same range as Maiasaura has shown that the border between hypothesized distinct faunas in the upper and middle is less distinct than once thought. There seems to be a major diversification in ornithischian taxa after the appearance of Maiasaura within the Two Medicine Formation. The thorough examination of strata found along the Two Medicine River (which exposes the entire upper half of
4636-437: The stressed vowel; the so-called breathing marks ( rough and smooth breathing ), originally used to signal presence or absence of word-initial /h/; and the diaeresis , used to mark the full syllabic value of a vowel that would otherwise be read as part of a diphthong. These marks were introduced during the course of the Hellenistic period. Actual usage of the grave in handwriting saw a rapid decline in favor of uniform usage of
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#17328583145684712-510: The summer operating season. Also showcased is the Egg Mountain find along with a commentary on its significance in paleontology. Besides dinosaurs the museum has artifacts and information about the Blackfeet and Métis histories, local geology, and local history. Bynum , 13 miles (21 km) north, is home to The Montana Dinosaur Center . They have a skeletal model of what is believed to be
4788-773: The town was platted in 1883. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has an area of 1.83 square miles (4.74 km ), all land. The Teton River runs nearby, although for some distance upstream of Choteau it is dry during much of the year. Being located along the Rocky Mountain Front , Choteau is near several mountains. Some of them are Mount Frazier , Old Baldy , and Rocky Mountain . The Ear Mountain Wildlife Management Area seeks to protect local wildlife, especially mule deer and bighorn sheep . About 15 miles (24 km) west
4864-520: The transfer of the Princeton University vertebrate paleontology collections), was discovered by Laurie Trexler in 1979 and described by dinosaur paleontologists Jack Horner and Robert Makela as the holotype of a new species. They named the type species Maiasaura peeblesorum . The generic name refers to the Greek goddess Maia , the "Good Mother"; to emphasise this, they used the feminine form of saurus : saura . The specific name honours
4940-401: The world's longest dinosaur, a diplodocus . Choteau/Teton Public Library serves the area. Choteau has a mayor-council system of government. In 2023 the mayor was Chris Hindoien. Choteau is split into two wards, each with two councilmembers. Choteau made national news in the U.S. because it is the town nearest to a 2,700-acre (11 km ) ranch that David Letterman purchased in 1999 as
5016-434: Was 2.04 and the average family size was 2.75. The median age in the city was 49.1 years. 19.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 5.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 19.8% were from 25 to 44; 29.8% were from 45 to 64; and 25.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 46.4% male and 53.6% female. As of the census of 2000, there were 1,781 people, 807 households, and 464 families residing in
5092-568: Was a distinct dialect of Greek itself. Aside from the Macedonian question, current consensus regards Phrygian as the closest relative of Greek, since they share a number of phonological, morphological and lexical isoglosses , with some being exclusive between them. Scholars have proposed a Graeco-Phrygian subgroup out of which Greek and Phrygian originated. Among living languages, some Indo-Europeanists suggest that Greek may be most closely related to Armenian (see Graeco-Armenian ) or
5168-517: Was about 9 metres (30 ft) long. Young animals walked on their hind legs, adults on all fours. Maiasaura was probably closely related to Brachylophosaurus . Maiasaura peeblesorum were large, attaining a maximum known length of about 9 metres (30 ft) and a body mass is measured approximately up to 4 metric tons (4.4 short tons). They had a large “duck-billed” mouth structure and rows of hundreds of teeth, typical of hadrosaurids . Since hadrosaurids have very similar post-cranial body plans,
5244-546: Was also used in Ancient Greek. Greek has occasionally been written in the Latin script , especially in areas under Venetian rule or by Greek Catholics . The term Frankolevantinika / Φραγκολεβαντίνικα applies when the Latin script is used to write Greek in the cultural ambit of Catholicism (because Frankos / Φράγκος is an older Greek term for West-European dating to when most of (Roman Catholic Christian) West Europe
5320-482: Was both a browser and a grazer . Studies of Maiasaura by Saitta et al. , suggest that one sex was roughly 45% larger than the other according to the mathematical analysis known as size statistics. However, it cannot be ascertained at this time whether the larger sex was male or female. Maiasaura is a characteristic fossil of the middle portion (lithofacies 4) of the Two Medicine Formation, dated from about 86.3 to 70.6 million years ago. Maiasaura lived alongside
5396-541: Was by far the most widely spoken lingua franca in the Mediterranean world . It eventually became the official language of the Byzantine Empire and developed into Medieval Greek . In its modern form , Greek is the official language of Greece and Cyprus and one of the 24 official languages of the European Union . It is spoken by at least 13.5 million people today in Greece, Cyprus, Italy, Albania, Turkey , and
5472-699: Was published in 2013 by Albert Prieto-Márquez et al.: Acristavus gagstarsoni Brachylophosaurus canadensis Maiasaura peeblesorum Shantungosaurus giganteus Edmontosaurus regalis Edmontosaurus annectens Kerberosaurus manakini Sabinas OTU Prosaurolophus maximus Saurolophus morrisi Saurolophus osborni Saurolophus angustirostris Wulagasaurus dongi Kritosaurus navajovius ‘’ Aquilarhinus Secernosaurus koerneri Willinakaqe salitralensis Gryposaurus latidens Gryposaurus notabilis Gryposaurus monumentensis Maiasaura lived in herds and it raised its young in nesting colonies. The nests in
5548-480: Was recorded in writing systems such as Linear B and the Cypriot syllabary . The alphabet arose from the Phoenician script and was in turn the basis of the Latin , Cyrillic , Coptic , Gothic , and many other writing systems. The Greek language holds a very important place in the history of the Western world. Beginning with the epics of Homer , ancient Greek literature includes many works of lasting importance in
5624-566: Was under the control of the Frankish Empire ). Frankochiotika / Φραγκοχιώτικα (meaning 'Catholic Chiot') alludes to the significant presence of Catholic missionaries based on the island of Chios . Additionally, the term Greeklish is often used when the Greek language is written in a Latin script in online communications. The Latin script is nowadays used by the Greek-speaking communities of Southern Italy . The Yevanic dialect
5700-637: Was used for literary and official purposes in the newly formed Greek state. In 1976, Dimotiki was declared the official language of Greece, after having incorporated features of Katharevousa and thus giving birth to Standard Modern Greek , used today for all official purposes and in education . The historical unity and continuing identity between the various stages of the Greek language are often emphasized. Although Greek has undergone morphological and phonological changes comparable to those seen in other languages, never since classical antiquity has its cultural, literary, and orthographic tradition been interrupted to
5776-653: Was written by Romaniote and Constantinopolitan Karaite Jews using the Hebrew Alphabet . In a tradition, that in modern time, has come to be known as Greek Aljamiado , some Greek Muslims from Crete wrote their Cretan Greek in the Arabic alphabet . The same happened among Epirote Muslims in Ioannina . This also happened among Arabic-speaking Byzantine rite Christians in the Levant ( Lebanon , Palestine, and Syria ). This usage
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