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53-574: The company was founded as max.mobil in 1996 by the Ö-Call consortium. In 2000, the company was bought by Deutsche Telekom . In 2002, max.mobil was renamed to T-Mobile Austria. In 2019, there was a merger of the companies UPC Austria and T-Mobile Austria, resulting in Magenta Telekom. In 2005, T-Mobile Austria acquired mobile provider tele.ring from its parent company Western Wireless Corporation for 1.3 billion euros, and transformed it into its own lower-cost flanker brand . The tele.ring branding

106-486: A 50-50% joint venture named BuyIn for regrouping their procurement operations and benefiting from economies of scale . In April 2013, T-Mobile US and MetroPCS merged their operations in the United States . In February 2014, Deutsche Telekom acquired the remaining parts of its T-Mobile Czech Republic division for around €800 million. The size of the remaining stake was numbered at 40 percent. In December 2014, it

159-495: A broadband network can be classified according to three characteristics: Cellular networks utilize various standards for data transmission, including 5G which can support one million separate devices per square kilometer. The types of traffic found in a broadband network (with examples) and their respective requirements are summarised in Table 1. Many computer networks use a simple line code to transmit one type of signal using

212-539: A hybrid network for faster internet access on board the planes in Europe. It is a combination of data transmission via Inmarsat Satellite and Deutsche Telekom's LTE ground stations throughout the European continent. Broadband In telecommunications , broadband or high speed is the wide- bandwidth data transmission that exploits signals at a wide spread of frequencies or several different simultaneous frequencies, and

265-544: A maximum of 56 kbit/s). This meaning is only distantly related to its original technical meaning. Since 1999, broadband Internet access has been a factor in public policy . In that year, at the World Trade Organization Biannual Conference called “ Financial Solutions to Digital Divide ” in Seattle, the term “Meaningful Broadband” was introduced to the world leaders, leading to the activation of

318-441: A medium's full bandwidth using its baseband (from zero through the highest frequency needed). Most versions of the popular Ethernet family are given names, such as the original 1980s 10BASE5 , to indicate this. Networks that use cable modems on standard cable television infrastructure are called broadband to indicate the wide range of frequencies that can include multiple data users as well as traditional television channels on

371-444: A more natural and informative mode of human interaction than do voice and data alone. Video teleconferencing enhances group interaction at a distance. High-definition entertainment video improves the quality of pictures, but requires much higher transmission rates. These new data transmission requirements may require new transmission means other than the present overcrowded radio spectrum. A modern telecommunications network (such as

424-401: A movement to close the digital divide . Fundamental aspects of this movement are to suggest that the equitable distribution of broadband is a fundamental human right. Personal computing facilitated easy access, manipulation, storage, and exchange of information, and required reliable data transmission. Communicating documents by images and the use of high-resolution graphics terminals provided

477-426: A multiple-audio-band system design of the compander . Later, with the advent of digital telecommunications , the term was mainly used for transmission over multiple channels . Whereas a passband signal is also modulated so that it occupies higher frequencies (compared to a baseband signal which is bound to the lowest end of the spectrum, see line coding ), it is still occupying a single channel. The key difference

530-472: A synonym for wideband . "Broadband" in analog video distribution is traditionally used to refer to systems such as cable television , where the individual channels are modulated on carriers at fixed frequencies. In this context, baseband is the term's antonym , referring to a single channel of analog video, typically in composite form with separate baseband audio . The act of demodulating converts broadband video to baseband video. Fiber optic allows

583-475: A wide band of frequencies. "Broadband" is a relative term, understood according to its context. The wider (or broader) the bandwidth of a channel, the greater the data-carrying capacity, given the same channel quality. In radio , for example, a very narrow band will carry Morse code , a broader band will carry speech, and a still broader band will carry music without losing the high audio frequencies required for realistic sound reproduction . This broad band

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636-420: A wide range of complexity and quality of audio reproduction. Similarly, full motion video signals may be encoded with bit-rates ranging from less than 1 Mbit/s to hundreds of Mbit/s. Thus a network transporting both video and audio signals may have to integrate traffic with a very broad range of bit-rates. Traditionally, different telecommunications services were carried via separate networks: voice on

689-462: Is converted to a non-loaded twisted-pair wire (no telephone filters), it becomes hundreds of kilohertz wide (broadband) and can carry up to 100 megabits per second using very high-bit rate digital subscriber line ( VDSL or VHDSL) techniques. Modern networks have to carry integrated traffic consisting of voice, video and data. The Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network (B-ISDN) was designed for these needs. The types of traffic supported by

742-508: Is often divided into channels or "frequency bins" using passband techniques to allow frequency-division multiplexing instead of sending a higher-quality signal. In data communications, a 56k modem will transmit a data rate of 56 kilobits per second (kbit/s) over a 4-kilohertz-wide telephone line (narrowband or voiceband ). In the late 1980s, the Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network (B-ISDN) used

795-468: Is on the marketing of complex services and industry solutions. Deutsche Telekom Global Carrier is formerly known as Deutsche Telekom International Sales and Solutions. It is an international wholesale arm of Deutsche Telekom. The products include Voice Termination, Ethernet, IP-Transit, Mobile and Roaming as well as In-flight Internet Access for the aviation industry. It operates a Tier-1 network . Together with Inmarsat and Nokia, Deutsche Telekom develops

848-465: Is seemingly always 'on' and is faster than dial-up access over traditional analog or ISDN PSTN services. The ideal telecommunication network has the following characteristics: broadband , multi-media , multi-point , multi-rate and economical implementation for a diversity of services (multi-services). The Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network (B-ISDN) was planned to provide these characteristics. Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)

901-457: Is since held by public shareholders. In September 2021, Deutsche Telekom sold T-Mobile Netherlands for €5.1 billion to the investment companies Apax Partners and Warburg Pincus . In September 2022, Deutsche Telekom is expanding its activities in the field of blockchain technology. DT’s subsidiary, T-Systems Multimedia Solutions provides the Ethereum Network with infrastructure in

954-441: Is that what is typically considered a broadband signal in this sense is a signal that occupies multiple (non-masking, orthogonal ) passbands, thus allowing for much higher throughput over a single medium but with additional complexity in the transmitter/receiver circuitry. The term became popularized through the 1990s as a marketing term for Internet access that was faster than dial-up access (dial-up being typically limited to

1007-476: Is the ITU-T G.hn standard, which provides a way to create a local area network up to 1 Gigabit/s (which is considered high-speed as of 2014) using existing home business and home wiring (including power lines, but also phone lines and coaxial cables ). In 2014, researchers at Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology made developments on the creation of ultra-shallow broadband optical instruments . In

1060-521: Is the world's fifth-largest telecommunications company and biggest in Europe by revenue. As of April 2020 , the German government held a direct 14.5% stake in company stock and another 17.4% through the government bank KfW . On 4th June 2024, the German government reduced its total shareholding to 27.8%. The company is a component of the EURO STOXX 50 stock market index . The Deutsche Bundespost

1113-399: Is used in fast Internet access . The transmission medium can be coaxial cable , optical fiber , wireless Internet ( radio ), twisted pair cable, or satellite . Originally used to mean 'using a wide-spread frequency' and for services that were analog at the lowest level, nowadays in the context of Internet access , 'broadband' is often used to mean any high-speed Internet access that

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1166-673: The FCC in December 2017. A number of national and international regulators categorize broadband connections according to upload and download speeds, stated in Mbit/s ( megabits per second ). In Australia, the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission also requires Internet Service Providers to quote speed during night time and busy hours Bandwidth has historically been very unequally distributed worldwide with increasing concentration in

1219-669: The Hellenic telecommunication operator OTE , which also have shares in several other companies like Telekom Romania and the IT&;C retailer Germanos. Deutsche Telekom also operates a wholesale division named International Carrier Sales & Solutions (ICSS) that provides white label voice and data wholesale support services to large carriers. OTE also used to have shares in One Telecommunications operating in Albania. Prior to its sale it

1272-493: The broadband network) must provide all these different services ( multi-services ) to the user. Conventional telephony communication used: Modern services can be: These aspects are examined individually in the following three sub-sections. A multimedia call may communicate audio, data, still images, or full-motion video , or any combination of these media. Each medium has different demands for communication quality, such as: The information content of each medium may affect

1325-541: The companies under a single "T" brand. The new brand name was announced on the evening of 6 May 2019. Deutsche Telekom Deutsche Telekom AG ( German pronunciation: [ˌdɔʏtʃə ˈteːləkɔm ʔaːˌɡeː] ; often just Telekom , DTAG or DT ; stylised as ·T· ) is a partially state-owned German telecommunications company headquartered in Bonn and is the largest telecommunications provider in Europe by revenue. It

1378-582: The connection and media requests of a multipoint, multimedia communication call. A multirate service network is one which flexibly allocates transmission capacity to connections. A multimedia network has to support a broad range of bit-rates demanded by connections, not only because there are many communication media, but also because a communication medium may be encoded by algorithms with different bit-rates. For example, audio signals can be encoded with bit-rates ranging from less than 1 kbit/s to hundreds of kbit/s, using different encoding algorithms with

1431-464: The context of Internet access , the term "broadband" is used loosely to mean "access that is always on and faster than the traditional dial-up access". A range of more precise definitions of speed have been prescribed at times, including: Broadband Internet service in the United States was effectively treated or managed as a public utility by net neutrality rules until being overturned by

1484-515: The digital age. Historically only 10 countries have hosted 70–75% of the global telecommunication capacity (see pie-chart Figure on the right). In 2014, only three countries (China, the US, and Japan) host 50% of the globally installed telecommunication bandwidth potential. The U.S. lost its global leadership in terms of installed bandwidth in 2011, being replaced by China, which hosts more than twice as much national bandwidth potential in 2014 (29% versus 13% of

1537-779: The economy of sharing. This economy motivates the general idea of an integrated services network. Integration avoids the need for many overlaying networks, which complicates network management and reduces flexibility in the introduction and evolution of services. This integration was made possible with advances in broadband technologies and high-speed information processing of the 1990s. While multiple network structures were capable of supporting broadband services, an ever-increasing percentage of broadband and MSO providers opted for fibre-optic network structures to support both present and future bandwidth requirements. CATV (cable television), HDTV (high definition television), VoIP (voice over internet protocol), and broadband internet are some of

1590-420: The fact that the 10PASS-TS standard for Ethernet ratified in 2008 used DSL technology, and both cable and DSL modems often have Ethernet connectors on them. A television antenna may be described as "broadband" because it is capable of receiving a wide range of channels, while e.g. a low-VHF antenna is "narrowband" since it receives only 1 to 5 channels. The U.S. federal standard FS-1037C defines "broadband" as

1643-614: The first German telecom units. On 6 December 2001, Deutsche Telekom became the first official partner of the 2006 FIFA World Cup . On 1 January 2005, Deutsche Telekom implemented a new company structure. The two organizational business units of T-Com and T-Online were merged into the Broadband/Fixed Network (BBFN) strategic business unit (T-Online merged with parent Deutsche Telekom in 2006). It provides around 40 million narrowband lines, over 9 million broadband lines, and has 14 million registered Internet customers. In 2008,

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1696-448: The form of validation nodes . In December 2023, Deutsche Telekom and Nokia with Fujitsu began deploying a multivendor Open Radio Access Network (Open RAN). The network is fully integrated into Deutsche Telekom's existing commercial network, including 5G AirScale compatible with Open RAN. For the fiscal year 2017, Deutsche Telekom reported earnings of €3.5 billion, with an annual revenue of €74.9 billion, an increase of 2.5% over

1749-402: The information generated by other media. For example, voice could be transcribed into data via voice recognition, and data commands may control the way voice and video are presented. These interactions most often occur at the communication terminals, but may also occur within the network. Traditional voice calls are predominantly two party calls, requiring a point-to-point connection using only

1802-549: The information into the system. However, "broadband video" in the context of streaming Internet video has come to mean video files that have bit-rates high enough to require broadband Internet access for viewing. "Broadband video" is also sometimes used to describe IPTV Video on demand . Power lines have also been used for various types of data communication. Although some systems for remote control are based on narrowband signaling, modern high-speed systems use broadband signaling to achieve very high data rates. One example

1855-412: The most common applications now being supported by fibre optic networks, in some cases directly to the home (FTTh – Fibre To The Home). These types of fibre optic networks incorporate a wide variety of products to support and distribute the signal from the central office to an optic node, and ultimately to the subscriber (end-user). In telecommunications , a broadband signalling method is one that handles

1908-461: The other hand, data networks which store and forward messages using computers had limited connectivity, usually did not have sufficient bandwidth for digitised voice and video signals, and suffer from unacceptable delays for the real-time signals. Television networks using radio or cables were largely broadcast networks with minimum switching facilities. It was desirable to have a single network for providing all these communication services to achieve

1961-822: The previous fiscal cycle. Deutsche Telekom's shares traded at over €14 per share, and its market capitalization was valued at US$ 68.4 billion in November 2018. The key trends for Deutsche Telekom are (as at the financial year ending December 31): Deutsche Telekom also holds substantial shares in other telecom companies, including Central European subsidiaries Slovak Telekom ( Slovakia ), Magyar Telekom ( Hungary ). Furthermore, Magyar Telekom holds majority shares in Makedonski Telekom ( North Macedonia ), and Hrvatski Telekom ( Croatia ) holds majority shares in Crnogorski Telekom ( Montenegro ). DT also holds shares in

2014-493: The same cable. Broadband systems usually use a different radio frequency modulated by the data signal for each band. The total bandwidth of the medium is larger than the bandwidth of any channel. The 10BROAD36 broadband variant of Ethernet was standardized by 1985, but was not commercially successful. The DOCSIS standard became available to consumers in the late 1990s, to provide Internet access to cable television residential customers. Matters were further confused by

2067-413: The signal to be transmitted farther without being repeated. Cable companies use a hybrid system using fiber to transmit the signal to neighborhoods and then changes the signal from light to radio frequency to be transmitted over coaxial cable to homes. Doing so reduces the use of having multiple head ends. A head end gathers all the information from the local cable networks and movie channels and then feeds

2120-643: The structure was changed again. T-Online was separated from Deutsche Telekom and merged with T-Com to form the new unit T-Home. In September 2010, Orange parent France Télécom and T-Mobile parent Deutsche Telekom merged their operations in the United Kingdom to create the largest mobile network in Britain, EE . In April 2010, T-Mobile was merged with T-Home to form Telekom Deutschland GmbH . This unit now handles all products and services aimed at private customers. In October 2012, Deutsche Telekom and Orange created

2173-450: The telecom industry. Amid concerns over Chinese involvement in 5G wireless networks in Europe, Deutsche Telekom temporarily put all deals to buy 5G network equipment on hold in 2019, as it awaited the resolution of a debate in Germany over whether to ban Chinese vendor Huawei on security grounds. In February 2020, Deutsche Telekom joined a new partnership called HAPS Alliance to promote

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2226-410: The telephone network, data on computer networks such as local area networks , video teleconferencing on private corporate networks, and television on broadcast radio or cable networks. These networks were largely engineered for a specific application and are not suited to other applications. For example, the traditional telephone network is too noisy and inefficient for bursty data communication. On

2279-438: The term to refer to a broad range of bit rates , independent of physical modulation details. The various forms of digital subscriber line (DSL) services are broadband in the sense that digital information is sent over multiple channels. Each channel is at a higher frequency than the baseband voice channel, so it can support plain old telephone service on a single pair of wires at the same time. However, when that same line

2332-562: The use of high-altitude vehicles in the Earth's stratosphere with the goal of eliminating the digital divide. On April 1, 2020, Sprint completed the merger with T-Mobile US , making T-Mobile US the owner of Sprint and becoming its subsidiary until the Sprint brand is phased out. The merger also led SoftBank Group , the then-owner of Sprint, to hold up to 24% of New T-Mobile's shares while Deutsche Telekom holds up to 43% of its shares. The remaining 33%

2385-556: The voice medium. To access pictorial information in a remote database would require a point-to-point connection that sends low bit-rate queries to the database and high bit-rate video from the database. Entertainment video applications are largely point-to-multi-point connections, requiring one way communication of full motion video and audio from the program source to the viewers. Video teleconferencing involves connections among many parties, communicating voice, video, as well as data. Offering future services thus requires flexible management of

2438-564: Was announced that Deutsche Telekom were in talks with BT Group on the acquisition of EE, and part of the deal was to provide Deutsche Telekom a 12% stake and a seat on the board in the BT Group upon completion. BT Group announced agreement in February 2015 to acquire EE for £12.5 billion and received regulatory approval from the Competition and Markets Authority on 15 January 2016. The transaction

2491-672: Was completed on 29 January 2016. In September 2015, Deutsche Telekom launched the "Puls tablet", a Tablet computer with Android version 5 . In February 2016, at the Mobile World Congress , in Barcelona , Deutsche Telekom jointly launched the Telecom Infra Project (TIP) with Intel , Nokia , Facebook , Equinix , SK Telecom , and others, which builds on the Open Compute Project model to accelerate innovation in

2544-463: Was discontinued on 23 March 2020. In December 2017, T-Mobile Austria announced it would acquire cable provider UPC Austria (originally founded in 1977 as Telekabel Wien ) from its parent company Liberty Global for 1.9 billion euros. The acquisition was approved by the European Commission on 10 July 2018. The company announced plans to retire the "T-Mobile" and "UPC" brands in 2019, merging

2597-498: Was formed in 1995 when Deutsche Bundespost , a state monopoly at the time, was privatized. Since then, Deutsche Telekom has consistently featured among Fortune Magazine 's top Global 500 companies by revenue, with its ranking as of 2023 at number 79. In 2023, the company was ranked 41st in the Forbes Global 2000 . The company operates several subsidiaries worldwide, including the mobile communications brand T-Mobile . It

2650-449: Was known as Telekom Albania using DT's logo and marketing strategies. Operation of telephone companies involves billing-software or "BSS". Deutsche Telekom's T-Mobile billing was performed on Israeli-backend systems until 2014, when Ericsson was selected to replace the Israeli backend. T-Systems sells worldwide products and services to medium to very large business customers. The focus

2703-475: Was privatized in 1996. As such, it shares a common heritage with the other privatized Deutsche Bundespost companies, Deutsche Post (DHL) and Deutsche Postbank . Deutsche Telekom was the monopoly Internet service provider (ISP) for Germany until its privatization in 1995, and the dominant ISP thereafter. Until the early 21st century, Deutsche Telekom controlled almost all Internet access by individuals and small businesses in Germany, as they were one of

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2756-399: Was promoted as a target technology for meeting these requirements. Different criteria for "broad" have been applied in different contexts and at different times. Its origin is in physics, acoustics , and radio systems engineering, where it had been used with a meaning similar to " wideband ", or in the context of audio noise reduction systems , where it indicated a single-band rather than

2809-516: Was the German federal government postal administration created in 1947 as a successor to the Reichspost . It was also the major telephone company in West Germany . On 1 July 1989, as part of a post office reform, Deutsche Bundespost was split into three entities, one being Deutsche Telekom. On 1 January 1995, as part of another reform, Deutsche Bundespost Telekom became Deutsche Telekom AG, and

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