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35-660: [REDACTED] Look up مدين in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Madyan may refer to: Midian , a geographical place and a people mentioned in the Bible and in the Qur'an Madyan, Pakistan , a town in the Swat district of Pakistan See also [ edit ] Midian (disambiguation) Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with
70-559: A mountain range in northwestern Saudi Arabia . They are considered to be either contiguous with the Hijaz Mountains to the south, or a part of them. The Hijaz are treated as part of the Sarawat range , sensu lato . Other notes: Gulf of Aqaba The Gulf of Aqaba ( Arabic : خَلِيج الْعَقَبَة , romanized : Khalīj al-ʿAqaba ) or Gulf of Eilat ( Hebrew : מפרץ אילת , romanized : Mifrátz Eilát )
105-522: A pit by his brothers, was sold to either Midianites or Ishmaelites . Moses spent 40 years in voluntary exile in Midian after killing an Egyptian. There, he married Zipporah , the daughter of Midianite priest Jethro (also known as Reuel ). Jethro advised Moses on establishing a system of delegated legal decision-making. Moses asked Hobab , the son of Reuel, to accompany the Israelites travelling towards
140-409: A shower of ashes and cinders accompanying a volcanic eruption. Thus a day of terror drove them into their homes, and the earthquake finished them." Excavations at the oasis of Al-Bad' , identified as the city of Midian mentioned in classical and Islamic sources, have uncovered evidence of an occupation spanning from the 4th millennium BC. Midianite pottery , also called Qurayyah Painted Ware (QPW),
175-490: A son of Abraham and his wife Keturah : "Abraham took a wife, and her name was Keturah. And she bare him Zimran, and Jokshan, and Medan, and Midian, and Ishbak, and Shuah" ( Genesis 25:1–2, King James Version ). Traditionally, knowledge about Midian and the Midianites' existence was based solely upon Biblical and classical sources, but in 2010 a reference to Midian was identified in a Taymanitic inscription dated to before
210-531: A tremor ( rajfa , v. 91). Abdullah Yusuf Ali in his commentary (1934) writes, "The fate of the Madyan people is described in the same terms as that of the Thamūd in verse 78 above. An earthquake seized them by night, and they were buried in their own homes, no longer to vex Allah's earth. But a supplementary detail is mentioned in [Quran] 26:189, 'the punishment of a day of overshadowing gloom,' which may be understood to mean
245-765: Is a geographical region in West Asia mentioned in the Tanakh and Quran . William G. Dever states that biblical Midian was in the "northwest Arabian Peninsula , on the east shore of the Gulf of Aqaba on the Red Sea ", an area which contained at least 14 inhabited sites during the Late Bronze and early Iron Ages . According to the Book of Genesis , the Midianites were the descendants of Midian ,
280-682: Is a large gulf at the northern tip of the Red Sea , east of the Sinai Peninsula and west of the Arabian Peninsula . Its coastline is divided among four countries: Egypt , Israel , Jordan , and Saudi Arabia . The northernmost coral reef in the world is situated near the Eilat shore. The gulf is east of the Sinai Peninsula and west of the Arabian Peninsula. With the Gulf of Suez to
315-560: Is found at numerous sites stretching from the southern Levant to NW Saudi Arabia, the Hejaz ; Qurayyah in NW Saudi Arabia is thought to be its original location of manufacture. The pottery is bichrome / polychrome style and it dates as early as the 13th century BC; its many geometric, human, and animal motifs are painted in browns and dark reds on a pinkish-tan slip. "Midianite" pottery is found in its largest quantities at metallurgical sites in
350-553: Is mentioned as one of several peoples who were warned by prophets to repent lest judgment fall on them. The story of Madyan is the last, coming after that of Lot preaching to his people (referring to the destruction of the Cities of the Plain ). Madyan was warned by the prophet Shuʿaib to repent of practicing polytheism, using false weights and measures and lying in wait along the road. But they rejected Shuʿayb, and consequently were destroyed by
385-599: The Beno Rothenberg 's excavations. The site also continued to be used during the Midianite occupation in the area, which is usually dated to terminal Late Bronze Age-Early Iron Age. The Midianites transformed the Hathor mining temple into a desert tent-shrine. In addition to the discovery of post-holes, large quantities of red and yellow decayed cloth with beads woven into it, along with numerous copper rings/wire used to suspend
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#1732847863139420-563: The Hejaz railway . During World War I, the Battle of Aqaba was the key battle that ended a 500-year Ottoman rule over the region of Syria . In general, the fauna in the Red Sea represents the fauna in the waters of the Indian Ocean , except that many species cannot penetrate it due to salinity and temperature limitations and some are only found in the southern part of the Red Sea. A large part of
455-511: The Promised Land because of his local knowledge, but Hobab preferred to return to his homeland. A number of scholars have proposed that the biblical description of devouring fire on Mount Sinai refers to an erupting volcano in the land of biblical Midian identified as Hala-'l Badr in northwestern Saudi Arabia . During the Baal-Peor episode , when Moabite women seduced Israelite men, Zimri ,
490-569: The Quran . The word 'Madyan' appears 10 times in it. The people are also called ʾaṣḥabu l-ʾaykah ( Arabic : أَصْحَابُ ٱلْأَيْكَة , lit. 'Companions of the Wood';). The lands of Midian are mentioned in sura Al-Qasas (The Stories), verses 20–28, of the Quran as the place where Moses escaped upon learning of the chiefs conspiring to kill him. Surah 9 ( Al-Tawbah ), verse 70 says "Has not
525-473: The fifth , the sixth , the eleventh , the twelfth and the eighteenth dynasties of Egypt , when Hatshepsut built a fleet to support the trade and journeyed south to Punt in a six-month voyage. Thebes used Nubian gold or Nub from her conquests south into Kush to facilitate the purchase of frankincense , myrrh , bitumen , natron , juniper oil, linen , and copper amulets for the mummification industry at Karnak . Egyptian settlements near Timna at
560-466: The 14th century BC, groups of Edomites and Midianites worshipped Yahweh as their God;" this conclusion is based on identification between Midianites and the Shasu . The Midianite connections to metallurgy at Timna have been noted by many scholars. Large amounts of Midianite ceramic ware has been discovered at these mining sites. An Egyptian temple of Hathor at Timna (Site 200) was first discovered during
595-453: The 9th century BC. Some scholars have suggested that the name "Midian" does not refer to geographic places or to a specific tribe, but to a confederation or "league" of tribes brought together as a collective for worship purposes. Paul Haupt first made this suggestion in 1909, describing Midian as a "cultic collective" ( German : Kultgenossenschaft ) or an amphictyony , meaning "an association ( German : Bund ) of different tribes in
630-523: The Elat Deep, Aragonese Deep and Dakar Deep, formed between four left lateral strike-slip fault segments. Movement on one of these faults caused the 1995 Gulf of Aqaba earthquake . Trade across the Red Sea between Thebes' port of Elim and Elat at the head of the gulf is documented as early as the Fourth Dynasty of Egypt . Expeditions crossing the Red Sea and heading south to Punt are mentioned in
665-615: The Moabites, and similarly Moses in Deuteronomy directed that the Israelites should not harass the Moabites. A modern-day movement, the Phineas Priesthood , has interpreted this story as a prohibition against miscegenation , despite the Midianites being closely related to the Israelites as descendants of Abraham, and Moses being married to a Midianite. During the time of the Judges , Israel
700-635: The Southwest point thereof and thence Westward on a parallel (27°54'N) to the coast of the Sinaï Peninsula". The gulf is one of two gulfs created by the Sinai Peninsula's bifurcation of the northern Red Sea, the Gulf of Suez lying to the west of the peninsula and the Gulf of Aqaba to its east. Geologically, the gulf forms the southern end of the Dead Sea Transform . It contains three small pull-apart basins ,
735-693: The coastal waters of the Red Sea, the gulf is one of the world's premier sites for diving. The area is especially rich in coral and other marine biodiversity and has both accidental shipwrecks and vessels deliberately sunk in an effort to provide a habitat for marine organisms and bolster the local dive tourism industry. At this northern end of the gulf are three important cities: Taba in Egypt, Eilat in Israel, and Aqaba in Jordan. They are strategically important commercial ports and popular resorts for tourists seeking to enjoy
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#1732847863139770-423: The curtains, were found all along two walls of the shrine. Beno Rothenberg, the excavator of the site, suggested that the Midianites were making offerings to Hathor, especially since a large number of Midianite votive vessels (25%) were discovered in the shrine. However, whether Hathor or some other deity was the object of devotion during this period is difficult to ascertain. A small bronze snake with gilded head
805-660: The head of the gulf date to the Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt . At the northern edge, the ancient city of Ayla (in present-day Aqaba) was a commercial hub for the Nabateans . The Romans built the Via Traiana Nova , which joined the King's Highway at Aqaba and connected Africa to Asia and the Levant and Red Sea shipping. Aqaba was a major Ottoman port, connected to Damascus and Medina by
840-506: The prehistoric times onward. Copper was mined here by the Egyptians during the reign of Pharaoh Seti I at the end of the 14th century BCE. It is uncertain which deities the Midianites worshipped. Through their apparent religio-political connection with the Moabites they are thought to have worshipped a multitude , including Baal-peor and Ashteroth . According to Karel van der Toorn , "By
875-490: The same: We believe that Haupt's proposal is to be adopted, and that Midian, rather than depicting a land, is a general term for an amorphous league of the Late Bronze Age , of wide geographical range, who, after a series of reverses, the most prominent of which are recorded in Judges 6–7 , largely disappeared from the historical scene... The area of Timna valley contains large deposits of copper that had been mined from
910-478: The son of a Simeonite chief, got involved with a Midianite woman called Cozbi . The couple were speared by Phinehas . War against Midian followed. Numbers 31 reports that all but the virgin females were slain and their cities burned to the ground. Some commentators, for example the Pulpit Commentary and Gill 's Exposition of the Bible , note that God's command focused on attacking the Midianites and not
945-598: The southern Levant, especially Timna. Because of the Mycenaean motifs on Midianite pottery, some scholars including George Mendenhall, Peter Parr, and Beno Rothenberg have suggested that the Midianites were originally Sea Peoples who migrated from the Aegean region and imposed themselves on a pre-existing Semitic stratum. The question of the origin of the Midianites still remains open. The Midian Mountains ( Arabic : جِبَال مَدْيَن , romanized : Jibāl Madyan ) are
980-598: The species in the Red Sea are endemic and the proportion of several groups reaches about 30%. It is possible that some of them developed during the Tethys Sea period. The endemic species are more suitable to the conditions in the Red Sea and the Gulf of Eilat and therefore thrive there more than the oceanic species. The gulf is one of the most popular diving destinations in the world. About 250,000 dives are performed annually in Eilat's 11 km coastline, and diving represents 10% of
1015-412: The story reached them of those before them? – The people of Nūḥ (Noah), ʿĀd and Thamud , the people of Ibrahim (Abraham), the dwellers [literally, comrades] of Madyan (Midian) and the cities overthrown [i.e. the people to whom Lūt (Lot) preached], to them came their Messengers with clear proofs. So it was not Allah who wronged them, but they used to wrong themselves." In Surah 7 ( Al-ʾAʿrāf ), Madyan
1050-631: The title Madyan . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Madyan&oldid=1230543852 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Midian Midian ( / ˈ m ɪ d i ən / ; Hebrew : מִדְיָן Mīḏyān ; Arabic : مَدْيَن , romanized : Madyan ; Ancient Greek : Μαδιάμ , Madiam ; Taymanitic : 𐪃𐪕𐪚𐪌 MDYN )
1085-421: The vicinity of a sanctuary ". Elath , on the northern tip of the Gulf of Aqaba was suggested as the location of the first shrine , with a second sanctuary located at Kadesh . Later writers have questioned the identified sanctuary locations but supported the thesis of a Midianite league. George Mendenhall suggests that the Midianites were a non- Semitic confederate group, and William Dumbrell maintains
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1120-620: The warm climate. Further south, Haql is the largest Saudi Arabian city on the gulf. On Sinai, Sharm el-Sheikh and Dahab are the major centres. The largest population center is Aqaba, with a population of 148,398 (2015), followed by Eilat with a population of 50,724 (2020). The International Hydrographic Organization defines the southern limit of the gulf as "A line running from Ràs al Fasma Southwesterly to Requin Island ( 27°57′N 34°36′E / 27.950°N 34.600°E / 27.950; 34.600 ) through Tiran Island to
1155-466: The west, it extends from the northern portion of the Red Sea. It reaches a maximum depth of 1,850 metres (6,070 ft) in its central area: the Gulf of Suez is significantly wider but less than 100 m (330 ft) deep. The gulf measures 24 km (15 mi) at its widest point and stretches some 160 km (100 mi) north from the Straits of Tiran to where Israel meets Egypt and Jordan. Like
1190-482: Was also discovered in the naos of the Timna mining shrine, along with a hoard of metal objects that included a small bronze figurine of a bearded male god, which according to Rothenberg was Midianite in origin. Michael Homan observes that the Midianite tent-shrine at Timna is one of the closest parallels to the biblical Tabernacle . Midian was the son of Abraham . Abraham's great-grandson Joseph , after being thrown into
1225-574: Was oppressed by Midian for seven years until Gideon defeated Midian's armies. Isaiah speaks of camels from Midian and Ephah coming to "cover your land", along with the gold and frankincense from Sheba . This passage, taken by the Gospel of Matthew as a foreshadowing of the Magi 's gifts to the infant Jesus , has been incorporated into the Christmas liturgy. The people of Midian are mentioned extensively in
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