Misplaced Pages

#442557

23-678: Madrazo is a Spanish surname and sometimes uses as "Maderazo" in the Philippines and US: "Madrazo" comes from the Valles Pasiegos in Cantabria and Espinosa de los Monteros in Burgos , northern Spain. The origin of the name is unknown but in Spanish and Portuguese it is understood to refer the process by which the second wife of widower man takes care of the children of the deceased first wife. In Spain,

46-555: A distinctive element of different origin. During the 16th and 17th centuries large convents or monasteries were founded, as El Soto and the Franciscan monastery of La Canal , as well as Baroque churches, built by artisans and artists of the comarca . In those centuries, emigration to the " Indies " was also very popular. The Indianos (Enriched Spaniards returned from the Americas), at their return, built churches or contributed to

69-456: A painter and Ricardo de Madrazo y Garreta (1852–1917), also a painter. His grand-daughter, Cecilia de Madrazo y Garreta married the celebrated Orientalist artist, Mariano Fortuny (1838–1874). Valles Pasiegos In the whole valley, the repopulation allowed by the foundation of several monasteries had great importance. The most important were the San Vicente de Fístoles monastery and

92-404: A regional hub of transportation due its geography, currently are intensified around dairy products and as modern commercial and services local center of its area and smaller neighbor communities of the wider valley. It is developing a small recreation tourism focused in its rugged and preserved mountain attractions. In winter, due to its heavy snowfalls, it runs a modest ski resort mostly catering to

115-613: Is a natural valley located in the autonomous community of Cantabria , travelled by the Miera River . It is in itself a natural comarca , and the narrowest of the Cantabrian valleys. Its slopes are most noticeable and its peaks very high ( Castro Valnera at 1,707 m over sea level). The valley occupies partially or totally the municipalities of Soba , San Roque de Riomiera , Miera , Liérganes , Riotuerto , Medio Cudeyo and Ruesga (Calseca enclave). In its morphology are remarkable

138-515: Is spread over a large rural area at the southern outskirts of a mountainous area of the Cantabrian Mountains . First settlements in the area date from the Bronze and Iron Age, but its modern settling and location officially started with the town charter given by Alfonso VI of León to repopulate it after its war destruction during the early 11th century. It is home to the ancient Royal Guard of

161-612: The Indianos of Carriedo Valley . The comarca consists of thirteen municipalities, listed below with their areas and populations: The Pas-Pisueña valley is located in the autonomous community of Cantabria, and through it flow the Pas River and its main tributary, the Pisueña River , which joins the Pas in the township of Vargas , part of the municipality of Puente Viesgo . The Miera valley

184-542: The Santa Cruz de Castañeda collegiate church . In addition to the monasteries, several romanesque temples were built during the 11th to 13th centuries, some of which still stand: the aforementioned Santa Cruz de Castañeda church, the Santa María de Cayón church, and the temple of San Miguel de Monte Carceña , among others. These buildings show the peak and the importance that this comarca had during those centuries. From

207-503: The sandstones and limestones , and the vast deposits of debris originated by ancient moraines from glaciers in its highest part. It also features large karstic areas. Nevertheless, some of its glacial valley characteristics have been modified in some points by the torrential nature of the Miera River near its source. The higher basin of the Miera has an abrupt relief, not suitable for

230-652: The "Gentlemen of the Chamber" since its founding in 1008 by Sancho García of Castile of the early local counts dynasty. Espinosa is said to be the birthplace of Miguel de Espinoza's family name and origins, father of the philosopher Baruch Spinoza . During Napoleonic Wars , The Battle of Espinosa de los Monteros , fought on 10 and 11 November 1808, resulted in a French victory under General Victor against Lieutenant General Joaquín Blake 's Army of Galicia . The main activities and industries have been related to military career services, stockbreeding mostly of cattle and as

253-568: The 11th century on, a special, perhaps unique, human habitat began to form in the highest parts of these valleys. Its economy was based on ancient transhumant cattle breeding practices which may have been traditional to more extensive areas of Europe and the region, but which with time only survived in isolated places such as these valleys, and others elsewhere in Europe, and in Asia and Africa. The people of this habitat, who were named Pasiegans ( Pasiegos ) from

SECTION 10

#1732852765443

276-777: The 18th century a small industry had been established with the Royal Artillery Factory of La Cavada , which supplied weapons to the ships built in the Guarnizo and Colindres shipyards . This zone gave many emigrants to Andalusia and the Indies . It is a cradle of many distinguished Indianos like Juan de la Cuesta Mercadillo, who was the builder of the La Rañada Palace in Liérganes; Ramón Pelayo de la Torriente ( Marquis of Valdecilla ), who developed many important constructions in

299-562: The West, both belonging to the Urgonian Complex. In both limestone blocks, important karstification phenomenons take place; there have been relevant explorations in these complexes and solved labyrinths in the caves of Alto del Tejuelo . Between them flows the Miera River, through the Escudo de Cabuérniga fault; with a diapir appearing from it between the villages of Linto and Miera and breaking

322-626: The building of chapels, towers, or the acquisition of works of art for the Church. The best examples are in the Obra Pía chapel of Bárcena de Carriedo , founded by the Indiano Manuel Rodríguez, or the reconstruction of the San Miguel de Llerana church, which also added the sacristy and the greater altarpiece to the existing church. In the tower of the same church a museum has been fit out about

345-556: The geologic continuity of the river course. The chalky mountain mass of Las Enguizas sits directly over the silicon materials of the Early Cretaceous that make the hydrologic base of its four most important hydrologic systems and its cavities, partially studies in the case of El Cuevo de Noja-Fuente Fría and the Castrejón-Cubillo del Machorro network. They are structurally simpler systems than those of Porracolina , because

368-523: The human habitat. In spite of that, caves with prehistoric settlements have been discovered in Piélagos , Rascaño and Salitre , one of the highest altitude (450 m over sea level) stations with paleolithic art . The medium valley of the Miera River , that mostly coincides with the municipality of Miera, is trapped between the abrupt karstic limestone pavements of Porracolina to the East, and Las Enguizas to

391-760: The name Madrazo is strongly associated with an important dynasty of artists. Members of the Madrazo family literally dominated 19th-century painting in Spain. Don Jose de Madrazo y Agudo was a noted painter and teacher who became the Director of the Prado Museum in 1838. His sons were Federico de Madrazo y Kuntz (1815–1894), a painter; Luis de Madrazo y Kuntz (1838–1894), a painter; Pedro de Madrazo y Kuntz (1816–1898), an art critic and Juan de Madrazo y Kuntz, an architect; while his grandsons were Raimundo de Madrazo y Garreta (1841–1920),

414-587: The name of the valleys and the main river, settled mainly on the flanks of the hills of the Miera and Pas rivers. The settling was scattered, as they lived in wooden and later, stone huts (called "cabañas", cabins) which they occupied during the Spring and Summer, when the pastures were richer. For the Winter they collected enough hay to feed the cows and then moved down to the village longhouses ( casas vividoras , living houses) in

437-439: The region and other points of Spain during the first third of the 20th century, mainly linked to education and public health. 43°13′39″N 3°51′28″W  /  43.22750°N 3.85778°W  / 43.22750; -3.85778 Espinosa de los Monteros Espinosa de los Monteros is a municipality located in the province of Burgos , Castile and León , Spain, with a population of c. 2,100 inhabitants. The village

460-415: The slope of the waterproof lower-cretaceous base has generated alignments perpendicular to the valleys axis. In the lower course the most remarkable spots are the caves with prehistoric occupation: La Fuente del Francés (Hoznayo), La Garma (Omoño) and Los Moros (San Vitores). During the 16th century the economic life of this valley was focused around the lower course, towards Liérganes ; years later in

483-518: The transalpine region of Cantabria - with the Royal privilege of being freed from the payment of duties for Pasturing or Passage (local or feudal levies). The territory overlapped many of the internal counties of Cantabria. Those counties that became the main focus of their radiation were not contested by previously settled municipalities, as they covered land previously preserved for Royal Hunting grounds. These lands had been valued for their wilderness, which

SECTION 20

#1732852765443

506-409: The valleys. The more stable population group that little by little was created along the valley-bottom roads in a street row pattern became the three Pasiegan villas: Vega de Pas , San Pedro del Romeral and San Roque de Riomiera , which are not contiguous. The recorded data and legal documents of those early centuries show that they moved under monastic/royal patronage over an extensive territory in

529-627: Was described in the chronicles, and was rich in bears and other wild fauna. Later documents, in particular a Royal Charter of 1206, gave precise jurisdiction of the valleys and prescribed their inhabitants as constituents of the Royal village of Espinosa de los Monteros ("Monteros" is the name of the Royal Household Guards of the Chamber). A sense of aversion and hostility in the face of their privileges and free roaming style must have been held later by their more settled neighbors, who saw them as

#442557